Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kazuhito Mietani, Maiko Hasegawa-Moriyama, Reo Inoue, Toru Ogata, Nobutake Shimojo, Makoto Kurano, Yutaka Yatomi, Kanji Uchida, Masahiko Sumitani
Summary: Postoperative delirium is a common complication for elderly patients. This study examined the association of apolipoproteins with delirium after surgery. Serum levels of apolipoprotein A-I and B were increased in patients with delirium whereas those of apolipoprotein E were decreased. These changes in apolipoprotein A-I and E levels were associated with the presence of phosphorylated neurofilament heavy subunit in the serum and were significantly associated with delirium.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alessandro Morandi, Eleonora Grossi, Elena Lucchi, Antonella Zambon, Bianca Faraci, Jessica Severgnini, Alasdair MacLullich, Heidi Smith, Pratik Pandharipande, Andrea Rizzini, Marianna Galeazzi, Francesca Massariello, Samanta Corradi, Alessandra Raccichini, Antonia Scrimieri, Valeria Morichi, Simona Gentile, Flaminia Lucchini, Laura Pecorella, Enrico Mossello, Antonio Cherubini, Giuseppe Bellelli
Summary: The study aimed to develop a new tool for diagnosing delirium in patients with moderate to severe dementia, and found that the 4-DSD had high sensitivity and specificity, which could help healthcare providers improve their ability to identify delirium symptoms.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Tamara G. Fong, Tammy T. Hshieh, Patricia A. Tabloski, Eran D. Metzger, Franchesca Arias, Hannah L. Heintz, Regan E. Patrick, Maria I. Lapid, Eva M. Schmitt, David G. Harper, Brent P. Forester, Sharon K. Inouye
Summary: Delirium and dementia are common causes of cognitive impairment among older adults, often coexisting. Detecting delirium in the presence of dementia is challenging due to overlapping symptoms. However, detecting delirium is crucial for reducing poor clinical outcomes in this population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Anita Nitchingham, Gideon A. Caplan
Summary: DSD, occurring in older hospitalized patients with preexisting dementia, leads to worse outcomes compared with delirium or dementia alone. Diagnosis and management can be challenging due to cognitive dysfunction being common in both delirium and dementia. Future research opportunities lie in studying shared pathophysiological pathways to uncover diagnostic tests and therapeutic innovations.
NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASE AND TREATMENT
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tammy T. Hshieh, Ray Yun Gou, Richard N. Jones, Douglas L. Leslie, Edward R. Marcantonio, Guoquan Xu, Thomas G. Travison, Tamara G. Fong, Eva M. Schmitt, Sharon K. Inouye
Summary: This study examines the healthcare costs associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The findings show that patients with ADRD are more likely to develop delirium and have higher costs associated with delirium compared to non-ADRD patients. The costs increase progressively over the course of one year for ADRD patients, while the increase is consistent across time periods for non-ADRD patients.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Minwoo Lee, Jae-Sung Lim, Yerim Kim, Soo Hyun Park, Sang-Hwa Lee, Chulho Kim, Byung-Chul Lee, Kyung-Ho Yu, Jae-Jun Lee, Mi Sun Oh
Summary: The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio in the acute stage of stroke independently predicts the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) at 3-6 months after stroke due to large artery atherosclerosis. Specifically, a high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio is associated with dysfunction in the frontal domain.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Viona J. M. Wijnen, Letty Oudewortel, Gilles van Luijtelaar, Joost Witlox, Arjen J. C. Slooter, Willem A. van Gool
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the potential of a brief point-of-care EEG measurement for diagnosing delirium superimposed on dementia (DSD). The results showed that higher activities of delta and theta1, and lower activities of theta2, alpha, and beta activity were found in DSD compared to dementia alone. The ratio of delta and theta power during eyes-open conditions had the highest accuracy in distinguishing DSD from dementia alone.
CLINICAL NEUROPHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Yuda Huang, Yongzhi Shan, Wen Qin, Guoguang Zhao
Summary: This study investigated the modulation of APOE on cerebral atrophy and its role in the conversion from cognitive normal (CN) to dementia using a voxel-wise whole-brain perspective. The results revealed that APOE epsilon 4 carriers showed faster-accelerated atrophy in the left hippocampus compared to noncarriers, and both CN2D epsilon 4 carriers and noncarriers exhibited a faster atrophic speed than CN epsilon 4 carriers. These findings were replicated in a sub-sample with strict demographic matching.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Sarah Richardson, Rachael A. Lawson, Annabel Price, John-Paul Taylor
Summary: This article describes the challenges in clinical diagnosis and management of Lewy body disease (LBD) and delirium. Distinguishing delirium from LBD is particularly challenging as they share common clinical characteristics. The under and over diagnosis of delirium, as well as the under and over treatment of symptoms, can compromise the care and safety of individuals with LBD. Clinicians currently have a limited set of evidence-based management options for delirium in the context of an LBD diagnosis.
ACTA PSYCHIATRICA SCANDINAVICA
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
N. M. Weldingh, M. R. Mellingsaeter, B. W. Hegna, J. Saltyte Benth, G. Einvik, V Juliebo, B. Thommessen, M. Kirkevold
Summary: The study investigated whether a dementia-friendly hospital program improved detection and management of patients with cognitive impairment and risk of delirium at an acute-care hospital. Although the program did not significantly increase identification of patients with cognitive impairment, there was an increase in 4AT screening within 24 hours, implementation of non-pharmacological interventions, and a reduction in prescription of certain medications.
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Alasdair M. J. MacLullich, Annmarie Hosie, Zoe Tieges, Daniel H. J. Davis
Summary: Delirium presents significant challenges and affects a large proportion of older hospitalized adults. The care for delirium is generally poor, but there have been recent policy advances and increased research output. This article highlights three areas that have the potential to transform delirium practice and knowledge. These areas include addressing the distress caused by delirium, advancing delirium epidemiology research, and improving the assessment of delirium severity. There is still progress to be made, but innovation in these areas can lead to exciting possibilities in enhancing patient care.
Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Qin Yun Claudia Han, Natalie Grace Rodrigues, Piyanee Klainin-Yobas, Gorill Haugan, Xi Vivien Wu
Summary: DSD has a high prevalence in hospitalized older adults and can have negative impacts on patients, such as worse cognitive and functional outcomes, increased risk of institutionalization and mortality, highlighting the need for early identification and treatment. Further research on risk factors of DSD is necessary to improve understanding of this common but underrecognized phenomenon.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Hsin Tung, Ching-Heng Lin, Yi-Ming Chen, Wei-Ju Lee, Li-Sheng Chien, Ting-Hsuan Sun, Cai-Sian Liao, Yung-Yang Lin, Tzu-Hung Hsiao
Summary: This study found that dementia is associated with many comorbidities and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) polymorphism. Homozygous epsilon 4 carriers have a higher risk of dementia, with the peak age at 65-75 years. Cerebrovascular accident, sleep disorder, and functional gastrointestinal disorders are significantly associated with dementia.
FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shams Dakhil, Ingvild Saltvedt, Jurate Saltyte Benth, Pernille Thingstad, Leiv Otto Watne, Torgeir Bruun Wyller, Jorunn L. L. Helbostad, Frede Frihagen, Lars Gunnar Johnsen, Kristin Taraldsen
Summary: This study used data from two large randomized controlled trials to identify different trajectories of functional recovery after hip fracture and determine predictors for belonging to these groups. The study found that none of the groups were able to fully regain their pre-fracture functional levels.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jorge J. Llibre-Guerra, Jing Li, Yuting Qian, Juan de Jesus Llibre-Rodriguez, Ivonne Z. Jimenez-Velazquez, Daisy Acosta, Aquiles Salas, Juan Carlos Llibre-Guerra, Adolfo Valvuerdi, Amal Harrati, Jordan Weiss, Mao-Mei Liu, William H. Dow
Summary: This study investigated the role of the major susceptibility gene for Alzheimer's disease, APOE, in diverse Hispanic populations. The study found that APOEε4 carriers had higher dementia prevalence and lower memory performance in all subsamples.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Article
Anesthesiology
Simon T. Dillon, Hasan H. Otu, Long H. Ngo, Tamara G. Fong, Sarinnapha M. Vasunilashorn, Zhongcong Xie, Lisa J. Kunze, Kamen V. Vlassakov, Ayesha Abdeen, Jeffrey K. Lange, Brandon E. Earp, Zara R. Cooper, Eva M. Schmitt, Steven E. Arnold, Tammy T. Hshieh, Richard N. Jones, Sharon K. Inouye, Edward R. Marcantonio, Towia A. Libermann
Summary: Using SOMAscan assay, this study identifies acute and longer-term proteome changes associated with surgery in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in older patients. The findings suggest potential biomarkers for neuroinflammation and provide insights into the neuroinflammatory response to surgery.
ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Emily M. Briceno, Miguel Arce Renteria, Alden L. Gross, Richard N. Jones, Christopher Gonzalez, Rebeca Wong, David R. Weir, Kenneth M. Langa, Jennifer J. Manly
Summary: This study presents a cultural neuropsychological approach to prestatistical harmonization of cognitive data across the United States and Mexico. By comparing linguistic and cultural equivalence, the researchers identified confident and tentative linking items. Results showed that a significant proportion of the linking items exhibited measurement differences across cohorts. The study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary and multilingual teams in identifying differences in cognitive construct measurement that may not be detected by statistical procedures alone.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Tammy T. Hshieh, Ray Yun Gou, Richard N. Jones, Douglas L. Leslie, Edward R. Marcantonio, Guoquan Xu, Thomas G. Travison, Tamara G. Fong, Eva M. Schmitt, Sharon K. Inouye
Summary: This study examines the healthcare costs associated with delirium in older hospitalized patients with and without Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD). The findings show that patients with ADRD are more likely to develop delirium and have higher costs associated with delirium compared to non-ADRD patients. The costs increase progressively over the course of one year for ADRD patients, while the increase is consistent across time periods for non-ADRD patients.
ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA
(2023)
Letter
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Ashley Kuzmik, John Hannan, Marie Boltz, Priyanka Shrestha, Erica K. K. Husser, Donna M. M. Fick, Edward R. R. Marcantonio
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Sevdenur Cizginer, Eian. G. G. Prohl, Joao Filipe G. Monteiro, Ferhat Yildiz, Richard. N. N. Jones, Steven Schechter, Robert Patterson, Adam Klipfel, Mark Richard Katlic, Lori. A. A. Daiello, Nadia Mujahid, Iva Neupane, William. G. G. Cioffi, Maria Ducharme, Matthew. D. D. Vrees, Lynn McNicoll
Summary: This study aimed to determine whether postoperative co-management of older surgery patients is associated with postoperative outcomes and hospital costs. The results showed that patients receiving postoperative surgery co-management care through the OSCAR program had lower postoperative complications and hospital charges compared to the control group.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Adam Naples, Elena J. Tenenbaum, Richard N. Jones, Giulia Righi, Stephen J. Sheinkopf, Inge-Marie Eigsti
Summary: This study developed a brief parent-report measure called the Low Verbal Investigatory Survey (LVIS) to assess communicative capacity among minimally verbal autistic children. The pilot results show that the LVIS is a good estimate of the child's communication skills and is strongly correlated with language and cognitive abilities as well as autism symptomatology.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Raymond Jones, Ene M. Enogela, Taylor L. Buchanan, Thomas W. Buford, David E. Vance, Pariya L. Fazeli
Summary: Inflammation is a marker of cardiovascular diseases in older people living with HIV. This study found that greater volume of physical activity was associated with lower blood pressure and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, while longer sitting duration was associated with higher triglyceride and interleukin-6 levels.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY & HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Laura A. Rabin, Sietske A. M. Sikkes, Douglas Tommet, Richard N. Jones, Paul K. Crane, Milushka M. Elbulok-Charcape, Mark A. Dubbelman, Rebecca Koscik, Rebecca E. Amariglio, Rachel F. Buckley, Merce Boada, Gael Chetelat, Bruno Dubois, Kathryn A. Ellis, Katherine A. Gifford, Angela L. Jefferson, Frank Jessen, Sterling Johnson, Mindy J. Katz, Richard B. Lipton, Tobias Luck, Eleni Margioti, Paul Maruff, Jose Luis Molinuevo, Audrey Perrotin, Ronald C. Petersen, Lorena Rami, Barry Reisberg, Dorene M. Rentz, Steffi G. Riedel-Heller, Shannon L. Risacher, Octavio Rodriguez-Gomez, Perminder S. Sachdev, Andrew J. Saykin, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Colette Smart, Beth E. Snitz, Reisa A. Sperling, Vanessa Taler, Wiesje M. van der Flier, Argonde C. van Harten, Michael Wagner, Steffen Wolfsgruber
Summary: This study aimed to link self-perceived cognitive functioning data from international aging studies using item response theory. The results demonstrated that a single-factor structure was reasonable for the latent trait, and identified top items that made the greatest contribution to measurement precision. This allows for joint or pooled analyses across international studies and may lead to the development of new self-perceived cognitive functioning questionnaires.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Paul K. Crane, Seo-Eun Choi, Michael Lee, Phoebe Scollard, R. Elizabeth Sanders, Brandon Klinedinst, Connie Nakano, Emily H. Trittschuh, Jesse Mez, Andrew J. Saykin, Laura E. Gibbons, Chun Wang, Dan Mungas, Ruoyi Zhu, Nancy S. Foldi, Melissa Lamar, Roos Jutten, Sietske A. M. Sikkes, Evan Grandoit, Laura A. Rabin, Richard N. Jones, Doug Tommet, Shubhabrata Mukherjee
Summary: Objective of this study is to demonstrate measurement precision of cognitive domains in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) data set. The study used data from participants with normal cognition (NC), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and Alzheimer's disease (AD) to calibrate scores for memory, executive function, language, and visuospatial functioning. The results showed variations in measurement precision across cognitive domains in ADNI, with memory having the highest standard error of measurement and visuospatial having the lowest.
Article
Neurosciences
Jamie Kweon, Megan M. Vigne, Richard N. Jones, Linda L. Carpenter, Joshua C. Brown
Summary: Musicians and athletes demonstrate use-dependent plasticity in the brain as a result of intensive motor training. This study found that motor practice and learning increase the responsiveness of the brain to plasticity-inducing interventions, such as rTMS. These findings have implications for learning paradigms and recovery from neurological/mental disorders.
FRONTIERS IN NEURAL CIRCUITS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Timothy S. S. Anderson, Shoshana J. J. Herzig, Bocheng Jing, W. John Boscardin, Kathy Fung, Edward R. R. Marcantonio, Michael A. A. Steinman
Summary: This study found that intensive pharmacologic antihypertensive treatment was associated with a greater risk of adverse events among hospitalized older adults with elevated blood pressures. These findings do not support the treatment of elevated inpatient blood pressures without evidence of end organ damage, and highlight the need for randomized clinical trials of inpatient blood pressure treatment targets.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zachary J. Kunicki, Long H. Ngo, Edward R. Marcantonio, Douglas Tommet, Yi Feng, Tamara G. Fong, Eva M. Schmitt, Thomas G. Travison, Richard N. Jones, Sharon K. Inouye
Summary: This prospective cohort study examined the patterns and pace of cognitive decline up to 72 months following postoperative delirium in older adults. The study found that there was an accelerated cognitive decline rate of 0.14 population SD units per year in those who developed delirium after surgery, compared to the long-term cognitive decline rate of 0.10 population SD units per year in those who did not develop delirium or did not undergo surgery. Delirium was associated with continued cognitive decline for 72 months, but it remains uncertain whether delirium causes subsequent cognitive decline or if individuals with preclinical brain disease are more susceptible to delirium.
JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Brandon E. Gavett, Sindana D. Ilango, Rebecca Koscik, Yue Ma, Benjamin Helfand, Chloe W. Eng, Alden Gross, Emily H. Trittschuh, Richard N. Jones, Dan Mungas
Summary: Research on cognitive aging and dementia is a global endeavor, but cross-national differences in cognition make direct comparisons of test scores difficult. Using item response theory (IRT) for co-calibration can facilitate such comparisons. This study explores the necessary conditions for accurate harmonization of cognitive data through simulation.
ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA: DIAGNOSIS, ASSESSMENT & DISEASE MONITORING
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Brian C. Kavanaugh, Christine A. Schremp, Richard N. Jones, Carrie R. Best, Stephen J. Sheinkopf, Eric M. Morrow
Summary: The objective of this study was to identify the clinical features that result in a later age at ASD diagnosis in females. The study found that females were diagnosed with ASD on average 14 months later than males in the sample. This delay in diagnosis was associated with mild or atypical presentation, limited repetitive behaviors, intact IQ and language skills, and later emergence of recognized symptoms. This highlights the need for improved screening methods for ASD in females.
JOURNAL OF AUTISM AND DEVELOPMENTAL DISORDERS
(2023)
