Journal
FUEL
Volume 218, Issue -, Pages 227-235Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.117
Keywords
Hydrous pyrolysis; Natural rubber; Liquid fuels; Characterization; Energy potential
Categories
Funding
- GSP-MOHE grant, University of Malaya, Malaysia [MO008-2015]
- PPP grant, University of Malaya, Malaysia [PG074-2016A]
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In this study, the natural rubber (NR) was liquefied to produce liquid fuels using hydrous pyrolysis technique. The study was performed in the autoclave batch reactor at different temperatures (300-400 degrees C), with different water to natural rubber mass ratios (1:1-5:1) and different reaction times (15-75 min). The effect of different parameters then was evaluated on the liquid product in term of quantity and quality. The results showed that the highest liquid yield of 76 wt% was obtained at temperature, H2O/material mass ratio and time of 375 degrees C, 3:1 and 30 min respectively. Among the parameters, temperature was found to be the most important parameter, showing a notable positive effect on the liquid oil quality and quantity. The characterization results showed that the oil had high energy density, low oxygen and sulfur contents, and non-acidic. The GC-MS analysis showed that the obtained oil was dominated by alkenes, aromatics and alkyls. From all characteristic results it showed that the oil from NR was more suitable to be used as fuel compare to the oil derived from scrap tire, where the study on hydrous pyrolysis of scrap tire was also provided in this manuscript as comparative study. In addition, the production of oil from the hydrous pyrolysis of NR in Malaysia could add to the energy potential about 15 PJ/year or equivalent to 2.5 million barrels of oil per year.
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