Article
Energy & Fuels
Yangbo Deng, Xiaolong Wang, Rongrui Li, Zhitao Han, Hongwei Wu, Jingming Dong, Wenbin Cui, Yang Guo
Summary: This article conducts an experimental study on the characteristics and performance of a diesel aftertreatment system with periodically reciprocating flow, finding that the system performs well in trapping particles and filter regeneration under symmetrical temperature distribution. The critical energy efficiency of the system can reach 96.61%.
ENERGY SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammad Reza Hamedi, Omid Doustdar, Athanasios Tsolakis, Jonathan Hartland
Summary: Electrically heated catalyst (EHC) is integrated with the exhaust aftertreatment system to reduce cold start emissions. Developing an energy-efficient heating strategy can significantly reduce the time required for catalysts to light-off and improve emission conversion efficiency. Combining electrical and fuel post-injection catalyst heating can benefit from quick catalyst light-off and higher heating efficiency, showing a significant improvement in emissions conversion performance.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Luis Tipanluisa, Natalia Fonseca, Jesus Casanova, Jose-Maria Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the effects of different n-butanol/diesel fuel blends on a Euro V heavy-duty diesel engine's performance and emissions. The results show that using n-butanol can improve engine performance and reduce particulate emissions in most operating conditions, while increasing CO emissions. The study also indicates that THC emissions increase with n-butanol content, while NO2 emissions decrease.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jianbin Luo, Yuanhao Tie, Lifei Tang, Yuan Li, Hongxiang Xu, Zhonghang Liu, Mingsen Li, Haiguo Zhang, Zhiqing Zhang
Summary: With the increasing attention to environmental protection, emission regulations have become stricter worldwide. Diesel engines are a major source of pollution, and the exhaust pollutants cause significant harm to the environment and human health. Diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology has been proven to be the most effective way to control and treat soot. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on DPF regeneration and ash, including different regeneration methods, ash composition and deposition, and the impact of ash on DPF performance.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wanchen Sun, Yi Sun, Liang Guo, Hao Zhang, Yuying Yan, Wenpeng Zeng, Shaodian Lin
Summary: CTL/n-butanol blends improve fuel-gas mixture distribution and increase premixed combustion ratio in the cylinder. Furthermore, through synergistic control of n-butanol addition and EGR, the tradeoff relationship between NOx and particles is mitigated.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jianxiong Liao, Jie Hu, Jing Zhong, Fuwu Yan, Peng Chen, Youyao Hu, Lei Zhu
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of an integrated aftertreatment system consisting of diesel oxidation catalyst, catalytic diesel particulate filter, and selective catalytic reduction on NOx and particle emissions. The results show its potential for meeting more rigorous non-road emissions standard, but high particle emissions during regeneration is a significant issue.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yunhua Zhang, Diming Lou, Piqiang Tan, Zhiyuan Hu, Liang Fang, Maria Teresa Moreira
Summary: The waste-cooking-oil biodiesel has been proven to reduce emissions of CO, THC, PN, and PM, but increases emissions of CO2 and NOx. The use of a DOC and CDPF after-treatment system can further reduce emissions.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiaobo Li, Ke Li, Haoran Yang, Zhigang Wang, Yaqiong Liu, Teng Shen, Shien Tu, Diming Lou
Summary: This study introduced a sulfur resisting material in Silicon Carbide (SiC)-DPF to improve the performance of Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) in low-speed marine diesel engines fueled with Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO). Both bench-scale experiments and pilot-scale tests demonstrated the effectiveness of the modified DPF module in filtration performance and regeneration durability. Introducing sulfur-resisting material greatly improved the DPF performance of low-speed marine diesel engines fueled with HFO.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Jianbin Luo, Haiguo Zhang, Zhonghang Liu, Zhiqing Zhang, Yajuan Pan, Xiguang Liang, Shizhuo Wu, Hongxiang Xu, Song Xu, Chunmei Jiang
Summary: With the global emphasis on environmental protection and carbon neutrality, there is a need for reductions in pollutants such as carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, and particulate matter. Diesel engines are a major contributor to particulate matter pollution, and diesel particulate filter (DPF) technology has proven to be effective in controlling soot. This review discusses the exacerbating effect of particulate matter on human infectious diseases, the latest developments in DPF performance, soot catalytic oxidant schemes, and areas for future research.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ibrahim Yildiz, Hakan Caliskan, Kazutoshi Mori
Summary: The study demonstrates the effectiveness of a cordierite-based diesel particulate filter (CPF) in reducing total particle concentration, soot concentration, CO and HC emissions from a diesel engine. However, the utilization of CPF also leads to an increase in CO2 and NOx emissions due to oxidation processes within the filter.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
G. Brinklow, J. M. Herreros, S. Zeraati Rezaei, O. Doustdar, A. Tsolakis, A. Kolpin, P. Millington
Summary: Transport sector decarbonisation is driving the demand for electrified powertrains like hybrid vehicles, which offer performance and efficiency advantages. However, changing conditions in catalytic aftertreatment systems can pose challenges in meeting emissions standards. This study focused on the performance of a three-way catalyst in reducing regulated and unregulated emissions from a gasoline direct injection engine under hybrid vehicle conditions. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing hybrid vehicle control strategies to minimize both regulated and unregulated emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuhan Huang, Elvin C. Y. Ng, Nic C. Surawski, John L. Zhou, Xiaochen Wang, Jianbing Gao, Wenting Lin, Richard J. Brown
Summary: This study investigates the impact of active diesel particulate filter (DPF) regenerations on fuel consumption and emissions of a diesel vehicle under real-world driving conditions. The results show that DPF regenerations increase fuel consumption and emissions, including CO, THC, and PM.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Sun Yi, Sun Wan-chen, Guo Liang, Yan Yu-ying, Zhang Hao, Li Xiu-ling
Summary: This study investigates the influence of a split-injection strategy on combustion and emission characteristics using diesel/n-butanol blends. The results show that the split-injection strategy reduces NOx emissions and keeps smoke opacity low, but increases accumulation mode particles. Utilizing EGR stratification optimizes emission results, especially the suppression of accumulation mode particulate emissions.
JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Johannes Ritzmann, Christian Peterhans, Oscar Chinellato, Manuel Gehlen, Christopher Onder
Summary: This paper presents a predictive supervisory controller that optimizes the interaction between a diesel engine and its aftertreatment system. It effectively balances fuel consumption, engine-out NOx emissions, and ATS heating to minimize fuel consumption while respecting NOx emission limits. The controller has been experimentally validated and shown to significantly reduce fuel consumption without compromising emission levels.
Article
Thermodynamics
Luis Tipanluisa, Kartikkumar Thakkar, Natalia Fonseca, Jose-Maria Lopez
Summary: This study investigates the impact of diesel/n-butanol blends as drop-in fuel in a heavy-duty diesel engine. The results show that increasing n-butanol content in the blend leads to an increase in maximum in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate, but a slight decrease in in-cylinder temperature. Furthermore, the addition of n-butanol reduces particle and CO emissions, but increases THC and NOX emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
F. J. Martos, O. Doustdar, S. Zeraati-Rezaei, J. M. Herreros, A. Tsolakis
Summary: This study proposes a new semi-empirical model to predict the growth of soot particles in an engine fueled with alcohol-diesel blends, and validates the model with high-resolution transmission electron microscope images obtained from soot particles collected via thermophoresis.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammed A. Fayad, Slafa I. Ibrahim, Salman H. Omran, Francisco J. Martos, Tawfik Badawy, Ayad M. Al Jubori, Hayder A. Dhahad, Miqdam T. Chaichan
Summary: This study investigated the effects of adding CuO2 nanoparticles and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on combustion characteristics and soot nanoparticle morphology in a diesel engine. The results showed that the addition of CuO2 nanoparticles improved combustion characteristics and reduced exhaust emissions. Furthermore, combining CuO2 with EGR technology further reduced NOX emissions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Moloud Mardani, Jose Herreros, Athanasios Tsolakis
Summary: Thermochemical exhaust energy recovery in a gasoline direct injection engine was studied using ethanol-gasoline blend (E25) and gasoline as base fuel. The research aimed to reduce carbon emissions, improve thermal efficiency, and enhance fuel economy. The possibility of hydrogen production through catalytic reforming of the mentioned fuels using the actual exhaust composition was investigated. The results demonstrated that ethanol in the fuel mixture facilitated endothermic reactions and improved hydrogen-rich mixture, leading to reduced carbon emissions and increased efficiency compared to gasoline fuel.
TOPICS IN CATALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Nikolina Kovacev, Omid Doustdar, Sheng Li, Athanasios Tsolakis, Jose Martin Herreros, Khamis Essa
Summary: This study proposes 3D-printed diamond-based lattice substrates as catalytic converters to improve vehicle cold-start emissions. The study compares the influence of these structures on light-off behavior compared to conventional designs and examines the benefits of H-2 addition on catalytic efficiency. The results show significant improvement in light-off temperatures for CO, THC and NO in the 3D-printed lattice structures, and H-2 presence further enhances their low-temperature activity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Energy & Fuels
Miqdam T. Chaichan, Hussein A. Kazem, Ali H. A. Al-Waeli, Kamaruzzaman Sopian, Mohammed A. Fayad, Wissam H. Alawee, Hayder A. Dhahad, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
Summary: Airborne dust and dust storms can transport dust over long distances from the source basin, affecting neighboring countries and reducing the productivity and capacity of photovoltaic modules. Dust reduces solar radiation intensity and accumulated dust causes deterioration in module productivity. Practical experiments conducted during a severe dust storm in Baghdad showed a significant decrease in solar radiation intensity, increase in ultrafine aerosol particles, and deterioration in indoor and outdoor performance of photovoltaic modules.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammed A. Fayad, Mohammed Sobhi, Miqdam T. Chaichan, Tawfik Badawy, Wisam Essmat Abdul-Lateef, Hayder A. Dhahad, Talal Yusaf, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Mohd S. Takriff, Ahmed A. Al-Amiery
Summary: The development of nano-additives in the field of reducing exhaust emissions has increased in recent years. Experimental investigation on particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) characteristics showed that adding titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles to a blend of castor oil methyl ester, diesel fuel, and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) resulted in a decrease in NOX emissions and smaller soot nanoparticles. The addition of TiO2 nanoparticles also increased brake thermal efficiency and decreased BSFC, while maintaining NOX emissions at a level parallel with diesel.
Article
Environmental Sciences
G. Brinklow, J. M. Herreros, S. Zeraati Rezaei, O. Doustdar, A. Tsolakis, A. Kolpin, P. Millington
Summary: Transport sector decarbonisation is driving the demand for electrified powertrains like hybrid vehicles, which offer performance and efficiency advantages. However, changing conditions in catalytic aftertreatment systems can pose challenges in meeting emissions standards. This study focused on the performance of a three-way catalyst in reducing regulated and unregulated emissions from a gasoline direct injection engine under hybrid vehicle conditions. The findings highlight the importance of optimizing hybrid vehicle control strategies to minimize both regulated and unregulated emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mohammed A. Fayad, Waleed K. Alani, Hayder A. Dhahad, Jing Zheng
Summary: This study investigated the effects of butanol-diesel blends and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on engine performance, emissions of NOX, smoke, and particulate matter (PM) under fuel post-injection condition. The results showed that without EGR, the maximum cylinder pressure peak was achieved. Combustion of B20 and B10 led to increased brake thermal efficiency (BTE) compared to diesel fuel combustion. Reduced carbonaceous gas emissions (CO and THC) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) were observed for B20 and B10 with EGR. The addition of butanol significantly reduced smoke opacity and soot emissions, while the reduction of NOX emissions was higher for B20 compared to B10 and diesel. The PM emissions increased with EGR, but the number, concentration, and size of PM decreased for B20 and B10 compared to diesel fuel combustion.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
A. Wahbi, A. Tsolakis, J. M. Herreros, S. Zeraati-Rezaei, O. Doustdar, P. J. Millington, A. Raj
Summary: This study addresses the main challenges of methane abatement in the aftertreatment system of compressed natural gas (CNG) engine fuelling. Different loaded platinum group metal (pgm) catalysts were used and it was found that increasing palladium loading led to earlier light-off temperatures achieved at lower temperatures. It was also discovered that ammonia is formed over the CNG catalyst due to increased methane levels in the exhaust, highlighting the need for aftertreatment technologies like selective catalytic reduction (SCR) to remove them.
JOHNSON MATTHEY TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
(2023)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Zihao Liu, Arash M. Dizqah, Jose M. Herreros, Joschka Schaub, Olivier C. L. Haas
Summary: This work demonstrates the benefits of utilizing look-ahead information and hierarchical economic model predictive control for optimizing the airpath management of compression ignition engines in connected vehicles. By exploiting predicted road information with different time horizons, it simultaneously controls fast and slow engine dynamics, optimizing NOx, soot, and fuel economy. Simulation studies and hardware-in-loop implementation show improved tracking performance and a worst-case computation time of 8.92 ms, without compromising fuel economy.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CONTROL SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohammed A. Fayad, Francisco J. Martos, Jose M. Herreros, Karl D. Dearn, Athanasios Tsolakis
Summary: This study investigated the characteristics of soot in oil samples extracted from the lubricating oil and exhaust system of a modern common rail compression ignition engine. Morphological parameters of the soot agglomerates were calculated using High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM). The results showed that the soot in oil agglomerates had larger particle sizes and overall larger agglomerate sizes compared to those in the exhaust system. The shape of the agglomerates was quantified by fractal dimension, with the soot in oil agglomerates being slightly more compact than those in the exhaust system. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact on lubricating oil properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Saif H. Majeed, Amar S. Abdul-Zahra, Dheya G. Mutasher, Hayder A. Dhahd, Mohammed A. Fayad, Ali H. A. Al-Waeli, Hussein A. Kazem, Miqdam T. Chaichan, Ahmed A. Al-Amiery, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak
Summary: In this study, a PVT system with an underground heat exchanger was used to achieve optimal performance and cooling for photovoltaic panels. The chosen site in Baghdad, Iraq had a stable soil temperature and the PVT system showed a significant increase in surface temperature and electrical efficiency compared to standalone PV. The results demonstrate the feasibility and acceptable efficiency of the proposed system in harsh weather conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
W. K. Alani, J. Zheng, M. A. Fayad, Lei Lei
Summary: This study investigates the use of solar energy in vehicle air conditioning systems to improve fuel economy and reduce harmful emissions. The results showed that the solar air conditioning system reduced fuel consumption by 25% compared to conventional systems, while effectively controlling temperatures inside the car and reducing emissions.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Transportation Science & Technology
Zihao Liu, Arash Dizqah, Jose Herreros, Joschka Schaub, Olivier Haas
Summary: This study proposes a Nonlinear Model Predictive Controller (NMPC) that uses a convex and multi-rate prediction model to control the real-time airpath of a diesel engine. The benefits of this approach are verified through simulation and Hardware-in-the-Loop (HiL) implementation. The NMPC shows improved control performances and fuel economy compared to the production-line controller.
SAE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENGINES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Louay Abd Al-Azez Mahdi, Mohammed A. Fayad, Miqdam T. Chaichan
Summary: A theoretical study based on the Penalty factor (PF) method is conducted to show that the pressure drop in a wire-on-tube heat exchanger can be converted into a temperature difference for refrigerants R-134a and R-600a. The study considers different flow conditions and analyzes the effects of various factors on the PF. The results show that the PF is not linear with vapor quality and is influenced by the refrigerant mass flow rate, inner diameter, saturation temperature, and flow type.
FDMP-FLUID DYNAMICS & MATERIALS PROCESSING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.