Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tsz-Kan Ma, Diyuan Li, Jonathan D. Wilden
Summary: Mechanistic studies of a reactive oxygen species mediated electrochemical radical reaction of alkyl iodides are described. Hydroxyl radicals and ozone are identified as the active species involved in the formation of alkyl radicals under mildly reducing potential (-1.0 V vs. Ag QRE) in buffered acidic conditions (pH 3.6).
CHEMICAL COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qiang Bi, Sisi Jiang, Changfeng Hu, Li Zhang, Yilin Zhao, Bo Yang, Guoping Li, Juanqin Xue
Summary: In this study, a N/Co-co-doped graphite gas diffusion electrode (Co-NG GDE) has been prepared and applied in the E-peroxone system. Surprisingly, Co-NG GDE exhibits the highest degradation efficiency for phenol and oxalate, despite its poor performance in the ORR to H2O2. The abundance of O2(center dot-) produced by Co-NG GDE, due to its higher pyridine-N content, can replace H2O2 to form super-active center dot OH.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yanlong Sun, Yu Li, Jianmin Zhan, Aiqi Feng, Chengzhi Zhou, Jianrong Chen
Summary: This study investigated the impact of four anions on the degradation of SMX by PMS, showing that the anions enhance the degradation efficiency. The anions participate in the two stages of SMX degradation and can reduce the ecological risk of toxic byproducts to the environment.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yi Zhao, Yang Liu, Yuying Wang, Shulan Li, Yi Liu, Zhong Lin Wang, Peng Jiang
Summary: Solid-liquid interfaces are widely present in nature and have various applications. Electron transfer at the interface has been discovered, and a two-step theory for the formation of solid-liquid electric double layer (EDL) has been proposed. Hydroxyl radical (.OH) is generated at the interface without external interference, and its concentration increases with pH, indicating that it is generated from hydroxide ions (OH-) through electron transfer during contact electrification. The generation of reactive oxygen species (.OH and .O2-) at the interface has potential applications in pollutant degradation.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Muhammad Saiful Islam Khan, Na Ri Lee, Jaehwan Ahn, Ji Young Kim, Jong Hoon Kim, Ki Hyun Kwon, Yun-Ji Kim
Summary: Microplasma was used to reduce pesticide content in water, with different plasma-produced substances playing varying roles in the removal of organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. Nitrogen oxides were crucial for organophosphorus pesticide removal, while dissolved ozone and hydroxyl radicals were major factors in DDT degradation.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fukang Zheng, Yanhui Cheng, Huiyu Dong, Lei Sun, Fei Pan, Xiangjuan Yuan
Summary: An emerging advanced oxidation process, ozone/peracetic acid (O3/PAA), was investigated for the abatement of atrazine (ATZ). The results showed that the O3/PAA process exhibited outstanding performance in degrading ATZ with high removal efficiency. The dosage of PAA and solution pH significantly affected the degradation performance.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jena M. Jenkins, William H. Brune, David O. Miller
Summary: This laboratory study demonstrates that prodigious amounts of HOx can be generated through electrical discharges over ranges of pressure and water vapor mixing ratios relevant to the troposphere. The results show that HOx and OH exposure were approximately independent of pressure and slightly increased with water vapor, while NOx was approximately independent of both pressure and water vapor.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nacer Belkessa, Youcef Serhane, Abdelkrim Bouzaza, Lotfi Khezami, Aymen Amin Assadi
Summary: This study investigates the photocatalytic oxidation of ethylbenzene vapor using TiO2 catalyst and explores the role of reactive species and degradation pathways. The results show that water vapor content, reaction atmosphere, and UV radiation wavelength significantly affect the degradation of ethylbenzene, with the hydroxyl radical playing a major role in the photocatalytic mechanism.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sin-Yi Liou, Michael C. Dodd
Summary: The reaction of hypochlorous acid with superoxide radical can be a novel nonphotochemical advanced oxidation process, generating hydroxyl radical and various reactive chlorine species, with high radical exposures, simplicity, rapid time-scales, and potential for on-site superoxide generation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yang Guo, Yixin Zhang, Gang Yu, Yujue Wang
Summary: By comparing the conventional scavenger approach with the proposed probe approach, this study found that using probes can accurately reveal catalytic ozonation mechanisms and provide an effective way to assess the contribution of various ROS to pollutant abatement.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yang Guo, Juhong Zhan, Gang Yu, Yujue Wang
Summary: During ozonation, the concentrations ratios of hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals and ozone remain constant, indicating the potential non-negligible role of superoxide radicals in the degradation of certain micropollutants with similar or higher reactivity compared to hydroxyl radicals. The proposed chemical kinetic model accurately simulates the abatement efficiencies of ozone-resistant micropollutants by considering the contribution of superoxide radicals, providing a valuable tool for predicting micropollutant removal during ozonation.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Liyan Chen, Xin Lu, Fengping Xiao, Di Wu
Summary: A new fluorescent probe NAP-SCM was developed for the detection of superoxide radical anion (O.-2) with good specificity and low detection limit. This probe showed negligible cytotoxicity and good bio-compatibility, capable of tracking endogenous O.-2 in live cells and animals. The findings suggest the potential of this probe in exploring the roles played by O.-2 in biologically functional processes.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Bixia Gao, Simeng Zhu, Jialiang Gu, Yang Liu, Xianliang Yi, Hao Zhou
Summary: In this study, a modified biochar containing MnO was synthesized and its activation capacity and mechanism for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) were investigated. The results showed that Mn-BBC exhibited significantly higher pollutant removal rate compared to traditional biochar, and it also showed anti-interference capacity and good stability. The study revealed that superoxide played an important role in the self-decomposition of PMS, promoting the activation of Mn-BBC.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yuhang Wang, Shengjun Xi, Fanghe Zhao, Lewis Gregory Huey, Tong Zhu
Summary: Nighttime oxidation by nitrate radicals has significant implications for aerosol formation, climate, and human health. While a previous study found an increase in nitrate production in China from 2014 to 2019, contrasting trends were observed in the U.S. and Europe. However, our analysis of observational data from 2014 to 2022 shows that nitrate production in China did not increase during this period, primarily due to a continuous decrease in the NO2/O-3 ratio. Interestingly, our findings also suggest the potential for a surge in urban nighttime nitrate radicals despite emission reduction efforts.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qin Wang, Puxin Shi, Zhiye Sun, Jixiao Wang, Baoan Li
Summary: A hybrid ozone-membrane aerated biofilm reactor (O3-MABR) system was designed to treat municipal reverse osmosis concentrate (mROC). Under the optimal operating conditions, the effluent COD and TN concentration of the coupling system met the discharge standard of pollutants for wastewater treatment plants. High-throughput sequencing technology revealed the dominant phyla in the biofilms of MABR.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xiaohai Li, Zihua Wu, Yiqing Zeng, Jiayou Han, Shule Zhang, Qin Zhong
CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zihua Wu, Hao Chen, Zhongdang Wan, Shule Zhang, Yiqing Zeng, Haiwei Guo, Qin Zhong, Xiaohai Li, Jiayou Han, Weilong Rong
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Fanyu Meng, Mingjia Zhang, Fayang Zhou, Haocheng Zou, Boming Zhu, Yiqing Zeng, Shule Zhang, Qin Zhong
Summary: Ligand-assisted impregnation method was used to prepare CrOx/black-TiO2 catalysts, which showed enhanced interaction between CrOx and oxygen vacancies/O-Ti-O structures. Modification by citric acid increased the content of Cr3+ and chemical adsorption oxygen, promoting the adsorption ability of O-2 and enhancing the adsorption capacity of NO, synergistically promoting NO oxidation.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Yiqing Zeng, Kok-Giap Haw, Yanan Wang, Shule Zhang, Zhigang Wang, Qin Zhong, Sibudjing Kawi
Summary: NH3-SCR is an important method to reduce NOx emissions, with CeO2-TiO2 catalysts gaining attention for their excellent performance. This review summarizes recent studies on CeO2-TiO2 catalysts, focusing on the impact of modification strategies on catalytic performance.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Plaifa Hongmanorom, Jangam Ashok, Guanghui Zhang, Zhoufeng Bian, Ming Hui Wai, Yiqing Zeng, Shibo Xi, Armando Borgna, Sibudjing Kawi
Summary: Ni and Ni-Mg phyllosilicate mesoporous SBA-15 catalysts prepared via ammonia evaporation (AE) method exhibit superior catalytic performance in CO2 methanation compared to catalysts prepared via wetness impregnation (WI) method, due to enhanced metal-support interaction and weakly basic sites provided by surface hydroxyl groups. Incorporation of Mg into phyllosilicate structure increases medium basic sites, promoting monodentate formate formation and improving CO2 methanation activity. Additionally, the turnover frequency of CO2 conversion is correlated with the concentration of basic sites, and the strong metal-support interaction and confinement effect of SBA-15 can suppress metal sintering, ensuring good stability.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yiqing Zeng, Kok-Giap Haw, Zhigang Wang, Yanan Wang, Shule Zhang, Plaifa Hongmanorom, Qin Zhong, Sibudjing Kawi
Summary: A novel double redox method was developed to synthesize highly active CuO-CeO2 (CuCe-DR) catalyst, which exhibits higher Ce3+ and Cu2+ ion concentrations and stronger Cu-Ce interaction compared to CuCe-C catalyst. CuCe-DR catalyst shows higher toluene oxidation performance and stability at low temperatures, attributed to the increased surface chemisorbed oxygen and improved redox properties.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yiqing Zeng, Yanan Wang, Plaifa Hongmanorom, Zhigang Wang, Shule Zhang, Jiatang Chen, Qin Zhong, Sibudjing Kawi
Summary: In this study, a highly efficient P-doped CeO2/TiO2 catalyst was constructed, showing higher catalytic activity and stability compared to traditional catalysts. By controlling the P/Ti ratio and CeO2 loading content, a balance between surface acid sites and redox sites can be achieved to obtain the best catalytic performance. This work provides a feasible method for designing CeO2/TiO2-based catalysts with optimized surface properties for enhanced catalytic activity.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fanyu Meng, Shule Zhang, Yiqing Zeng, Mingjia Zhang, Haocheng Zou, Qin Zhong, Yuntao Li
Summary: This study proposed an efficient method for NO oxidation using F/TiO2 surface fluorine catalyzing the conversion of O-3 and H2O2 into radicals. The results showed NO oxidation rate exceeding 96% under specific molar ratios and demonstrated good stability and resistance to different gas compositions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Li Huang, Yiqing Zeng, Zhengfeng Chang, Yuhao Zong, Hu Wang, Shule Zhang, Yang Yu
Summary: In this study, the resistance of commercial V-Mo/Ti catalyst to alkali metals poisoning was improved by incorporating phosphorous species, resulting in enhanced NH3-SCR activity.
MOLECULAR CATALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fanyu Meng, Lina Guo, Jianyu He, Zhongyu Wang, Zhiguo Ma, Yiqing Zeng, Shule Zhang, Qin Zhong
Summary: The study focuses on the catalytic ozonation of NO by V-based catalysts, particularly the VF1 catalyst, which showed the highest efficiency in NO oxidation. The transformation of VFx catalysts from V2O5 to (NH4)(2)V6O16·1.5H2O species was observed, with increased surface roughness and enhanced catalytic activity. Additionally, the presence of SO2 was found to be beneficial for NO2 removal in this system, while reaction temperature had minimal impact on NO oxidation efficiency.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bin Yang, Mingjia Zhang, Yiqing Zeng, Fanyu Meng, Jiangquan Ma, Shule Zhang, Qin Zhong
Summary: The study found that fluorine-modified cerium oxide catalyst exhibited higher catalytic activity in toluene oxidation, attributed to the increased oxygen vacancy concentration, enhanced oxygen adsorption capacity, and presence of more active oxygen on the catalyst surface.
MOLECULAR CATALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yong Jia, Mingyan Huang, Jing Yuan, Lina Guo, Yiqing Zeng, Fuping Qian, Shule Zhang
Summary: The study found that the SCR activity of VPO/TiO2 catalyst at low temperature is closely related to the acidity level of the catalyst surface, and is positively correlated with the content of weak Lewis acid centers.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mingjia Zhang, Fanyu Meng, Shule Zhang, Yiqing Zeng, Qin Zhong
Summary: Sulfur-doped TiO2 shows promising catalytic performance in the peroxone reaction between O3 and H2O2, effectively increasing NO conversion rate and exhibiting good stability and poison resistance for potential practical applications.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiahua Xie, Mengyu Li, Zihua Wu, Yiqing Zeng, Shule Zhang, Jing Liu, Qin Zhong
Summary: Activated coke-based catalysts have shown excellent performance in denitration by selective catalytic reduction by NH3, especially at low temperatures. The pre-oxidation process of V2O5/AC catalyst was found to significantly enhance its NH3-SCR activity by promoting the formation of surface-active oxygen species, leading to higher NOx conversion efficiency.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hao Gu, Yiqing Zeng, Shipeng Wan, Shule Zhang, Qin Zhong, Yunfei Bu
Summary: A three-dimensional NS@NCCH tree-like core-shell microarray was designed and fabricated for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. The electrode exhibited high capacity and rate performance, as well as excellent cycling stability, attributed to the optimized core-shell structure and substrate material. Moreover, it was assembled into a flexible all-solid-state asymmetric supercapacitor with negligible electrochemical property attenuation even under severe bending or twisting.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.