Journal
FRONTIERS IN NEUROENDOCRINOLOGY
Volume 48, Issue -, Pages 3-12Publisher
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2017.05.003
Keywords
Sex steroids; Astrocytes; Hypothalamus; Metabolism; Glia; Inflammation; Fatty acids
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Funding
- Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation [BFU2014-51836-C2-2]
- Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports [FPU13/00909]
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria [PI-1600485]
- Fondo de Investigacion Sanitaria (CIBEROBN)
- Fondos FEDER
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Males and females have distinct propensities to develop obesity and its related comorbidities, partially due to gonadal steroids. There are sex differences in hypothalamic neuronal circuits, as well as in astrocytes, that participate in metabolic control and the development of obesity-associated complications. Astrocytes are involved in nutrient transport and metabolism, glucose sensing, synaptic remodeling and modulation of neuronal signaling. They express receptors for metabolic hormones and mediate effects of these metabolic signals on neurons, with astrogliosis occurring in response to high fat diet and excess weight gain. However, most studies of obesity have focused on males. Recent reports indicate that male and female astrocytes respond differently to metabolic signals and this could be involved in the differential response to high fat diet and the onset of obesity-associated pathologies. Here we focus on the sex differences in response to obesogenic paradigms and the possible role of hypothalamic astrocytes in this phenomenon.
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