Article
Forestry
Maitane Erdozain, Jose Antonio Bonet, Juan Martinez de Aragon, Sergio de-Miguel
Summary: There is a growing concern about widespread forest regeneration failure due to changing climate and disturbance regimes. This study evaluated the effect of thinning as a forest management strategy on the natural regeneration of Maritime pine stands in Mediterranean areas and found that thinning had a positive effect on the establishment, survival, and early growth of seedlings, especially under drier and warmer conditions.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Monica Moreno Gabira, Miguel Montoro Girona, Annie DesRochers, Dagma Kratz, Richardson Barbosa Gomes da Silva, Manoela Mendes Duarte, Natalia Saudade de Aguiar, Ivar Wendling
Summary: Knowledge of tree responses to planting density is crucial for optimizing plantation establishment practices. This review provides an overview of the management of planting density and recent advances, trends, and gaps in this field. Studies show that planting density affects stem diameter and volume, leading to increased productivity in high-density stands, especially for trees with smaller individual volume. Physiological studies indicate that species ecology, solar radiation, water requirements, and site-specific characteristics have a greater influence on plant growth than planting density.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Umberto Di Salvatore, Maurizio Marchi, Paolo Cantiani
Summary: The study developed two equations to predict single-tree crown volumes for Pinus nigra plantations, based on an analysis of a database with 3578 trees. The fitted models were statistically significant, explaining 57.6% for crown radius at crown base and 87.1% for crown length. The power function model for calculating single-tree crown volumes showed varying levels of absolute errors for different parts of the crown.
ANNALS OF FOREST SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Charlotta Hakansson, Per-Ola Hedwall, Monika Stromgren, Magnus Axelsson, Johan Bergh
Summary: The study investigated the effects of forest N fertilization on soil CH4 and N2O fluxes in young spruce stands in Sweden. Results showed that fertilization can influence the flux of these greenhouse gases, but using commercial NP or NPK fertilizers equivalent to 150 kg ha(-1) of N did not significantly alter the fluxes.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Michael E. Akresh, David King, Casey A. Lott, Jeffery L. Larkin, Anthony W. D'Amato
Summary: This study conducted a meta-analysis on the effects of tree retention on shrubland bird species, finding that the majority of shrubland birds exhibit monotonic declines in density with increasing tree retention, supporting the use of retention forestry approaches. The results provide managers and conservationists with robust, quantitative relationships to aid in detailed planning and evaluation of silvicultural projects.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rupert Seidl, Monica G. Turner
Summary: Forest ecosystems are strongly affected by climate change and disturbance activities. The short time window after a disturbance event plays a crucial role in shaping future forest development. Understanding and predicting forest reorganization through analyzing forest structure and composition is essential for anticipating forest change.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Forestry
Marie-Eve Roy, Yann Surget-Groba, Sylvain Delagrange, David Rivest
Summary: The study investigated the long-lasting effects of even-aged (EA) and uneven-aged (UA) forest management on soil properties, finding that EA management had stronger and longer lasting impacts on soil chemical properties compared to UA management. Forest harvesting can have significant detrimental effects on soil fertility and productivity, which may worsen with harvest intensity.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Forestry
Brian J. Palik, Anthony W. D'Amato, Robert A. Slesak, Doug Kastendick, Chris Looney, Josh Kragthorpe
Summary: Black ash forests in the USA are threatened by emerald ash borer, leading to a need for silvicultural intervention to establish replacement tree species. Results from a large-scale management experiment in Minnesota show that American elm and swamp white oak have promising survival rates in treatments like uncut, group selection, and girdling, suggesting these species may be viable replacements.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Aijun Xing, Enzai Du, Haihua Shen, Longchao Xu, Wim de Vries, Mengying Zhao, Xiuyuan Liu, Jingyun Fang
Summary: Long-term experimental nitrogen additions stimulated net primary production but the effect decreased with increasing nitrogen loads. The impact on soil heterotrophic respiration shifted from stimulation at low levels of nitrogen additions to inhibition at higher levels. Overall, nitrogen additions had a nonlinear temporal response on net ecosystem productivity.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Kurt A. Schneider, John-Pascal Berrill, Christa M. Dagley, Lynn A. Webb, Aaron Hohl
Summary: Successful regeneration of commercial species is crucial for the sustainable management of forests. Through experimental research on different planting methods, dispersed treatments have shown better performance in terms of seedling survival and browsing issues.
Article
Ecology
Peter Kanuch, Tomas Kasanicky, Romana Ruzinska, Jan Zelenka
Summary: Logging poses a significant threat to global biodiversity, especially considering the importance of forests as habitats for bats. However, the impact of logging on bat populations is not well understood, particularly in terms of the density of suitable tree cavities. This study used a computer model to simulate the effects of cavity tree removal on the population size of Leisler's bats. The results suggest that preserving potential bat roosts in mature forest stands is crucial, and non-intensive logging and management practices can be beneficial for tree-dwelling bats.
ECOLOGICAL INFORMATICS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Katarina Stefaner, Subhadip Ghosh, Mohamed Lokman Mohd Yusof, Hassan Ibrahim, Ernst Leitgeb, Andreas Schindlbacher, Barbara Kitzler
Summary: Research shows that conserving mature secondary forests and planting herbaceous legumes on tropical urban soils can reduce soil greenhouse gas emissions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Giuseppe Montanaro, Davide Amato, Nunzio Briglia, Carlo Russo, Vitale Nuzzo
Summary: The study focuses on the impact of orchards on greenhouse gas emissions, analyzing operational aspects and limitations of existing frameworks, and discussing the global relevance of sustainable orchards.
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Katharina S. Haupt, Katharina Mausolf, Jessica Richter, Joachim Schrautzer, Alexandra Erfmeier
Summary: European ash-rich forest ecosystems are undergoing rapid transformation, posing risks to many associated species. The FraDivexp project in Germany aims to counteract the detrimental effects of ash decline by testing alternative tree species in a Biodiversity-Ecosystem Functioning experiment. This study demonstrates the feasibility of combining the BEF approach with silvicultural management practices and provides initial data on the survival of planted saplings.
ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS
(2022)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Maria Trivino, Alejandra Moran-Ordonez, Kyle Eyvindson, Clemens Blattert, Daniel Burgas, Anna Repo, Tahti Pohjanmies, Lluis Brotons, Tord Snall, Mikko Monkkonen
Summary: In this study, using Finland as a case study, the researchers assessed the potential supply of various ecosystem services under different management regimes and climate change scenarios. Results showed that the effects of management on the future supply of these services were, on average, 11 times higher than the effects of climate change across all services. The importance of these drivers also differed significantly between northern and southern Finland.
GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Rabbil Bhuiyan, Paivi Makiranta, Petra Strakova, Hannu Fritze, Kari Minkkinen, Timo Penttila, Tuomas Rajala, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Raija Laiho
Summary: Climate change can affect the carbon sink function of peatlands by causing warming and drying. We studied the response of fine-root biomass production (FRBP) in two sedge fens in Northern and Southern Boreal zones to warming and drying. The results show that warming increased total FRBP and the proportional share of FRBP in deeper layers, while drying modified root chemistry and reduced the decomposition of sedge leaf litter.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Studies
Janne Ramo, Boris Tupek, Heikki Lehtonen, Raisa Makipaa
Summary: Through the study of economic and ecological models based on Finnish conditions, we found that afforestation can be more profitable than low-income agriculture even without subsidies. On high-income farms, forestry is more profitable than agriculture if carbon is moderately subsidized and afforestation costs are low. Additional afforestation subsidies are needed for forestry to compete with agriculture when afforestation costs are high. In the case of very high agricultural income, forestry remains less profitable unless carbon subsidies or additional afforestation subsidies are very high.
Article
Agronomy
Mika Korkiakoski, Paavo Ojanen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Kari Minkkinen, Olli Nevalainen, Timo Penttila, Mika Aurela, Tuomas Laurila, Annalea Lohila
Summary: The wide-spread harvesting of forests on drained peatlands in Finland has raised concerns about its impact on carbon dioxide emissions and climate change. A study conducted in a mature peatland forest in southern Finland compared the impact of clear-cutting and partial cutting on CO2 exchange. The results showed that partial cutting resulted in significantly lower CO2 emissions in the short term, while clear-cutting continued to be a significant source of CO2 emissions throughout the measurement period. It was also found that the forest floor lost carbon both before and after the cuttings.
AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Johanna Kangas, Markku Ollikainen
Summary: Protecting forests has synergistic benefits for biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation. By incorporating carbon payments into biodiversity conservation schemes, both goals can be further promoted in a cost-efficient manner. A study found that introducing a carbon payment improves both targets, with the highest synergy gains achieved at a payment level of 10-20 euro/tCO(2)(-1).
Article
Forestry
Kyle Eyvindson, Samuli Launiainen, Kersti Leppa, Anna Repo, Aura Salmivaara, Aleksi Lehtonen
Summary: The widespread drainage of boreal peatlands in Finland has led to increased forest productivity, but also a dramatic increase in soil greenhouse gas emissions. Empirical research shows a correlation between greenhouse gas emissions and the ground water table, indicating an opportunity to mitigate emissions through forest management. Using a simulation and optimization framework, we explore how forest management actions can impact the ground water table and greenhouse gas emissions.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Mengyu Ge, Aino Korrensalo, Raija Laiho, Annalea Lohila, Paeivi Makiranta, Mari Pihlatie, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Lukas Kohl, Anuliina Putkinen, Markku Koskinen
Summary: Aerenchymatic transport plays a crucial role in plant-mediated methane emissions in peatlands, but the control of environmental factors and plant phenology remains uncertain. We investigated the factors controlling seasonal methane flux rate and transport efficiency in various wetland plant species. Our results showed that the flux rate of Carex rostrata was influenced by plant phenology and peat temperature, while other species were insensitive to the investigated environmental variables. Understanding the species-specific methane flux rate and their responses to phenology and environmental factors can greatly improve the estimation of ecosystem-scale methane dynamics in boreal peatlands.
Article
Forestry
Anssi Ahtikoski, Ari Nikula, Vesa Nivala, Soili Haikarainen, Artti Juutinen
Summary: Protection of vulnerable species can lead to conflicts between land use and conservation management, as seen in the case of the Siberian flying squirrel (SFS; Pteromys volans). Maintaining suitable habitat and connectivity for SFS requires careful forest management scenarios, which were analyzed in this study using the Motti stand simulator and Geographic Information System (GIS) methodologies. The results showed that certain forest management scenarios were more cost-effective in supporting SFS habitats, and adjusting cutting removals based on factors other than SFS habitat improved efficiency.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF FOREST RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Danny Croghan, Pertti Ala-Aho, Annalea Lohila, Jeffrey Welker, Jussi Vuorenmaa, Bjorn Klove, Kaisa-Riikka Mustonen, Mika Aurela, Hannu Marttila
Summary: This study found that hydrological processes and carbon transport change during the snowmelt and early post-snowmelt period. High-frequency measurements and data analysis are important for identifying the drivers of water-carbon interactions.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Maija Lampela, Kari Minkkinen, Petra Strakova, Rabbil Bhuiyan, Wei He, Paivi Makiranta, Paavo Ojanen, Timo Penttila, Raija Laiho
Summary: Peatlands are important carbon hotspots, but the distribution and composition of fine-root biomass and production in forested peatlands are poorly known. This study examined the effects of water-table drawdown on these characteristics in different types of forested peatlands and found that wetness and nutrient regime regulate fine-root biomass and production.
FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Bram Valkenborg, Gabrielle J. M. De Lannoy, Alexander Gruber, Diego G. Miralles, Philipp Koehler, Christian Frankenberg, Ankur R. Desai, Elyn Humphreys, Janina Klatt, Annalea Lohila, Mats B. Nilsson, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Michel Bechtold
Summary: This study investigates water-related vegetation stress in northern peatlands using satellite-observed Solar-Induced chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF). The results show that most locations experience both drought and waterlogging stress, while some regions only experience waterlogging or drought stress. The study finds that the minimal water-related vegetation stress occurs at a water table depth of -0.22 m (short-term) and -0.20 m (long-term).
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mikko Peltoniemi, Qian Li, Pauliina Turunen, Boris Tupek, Paivi Makiranta, Kersti Leppa, Mitro Muller, Antti J. Rissanen, Raija Laiho, Jani Anttila, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Markku Koskinen, Aleksi Lehtonen, Paavo Ojanen, Mari Pihlatie, Sakari Sarkkola, Elisa Vainio, Raisa Makibaa
Summary: Managed boreal peatlands are economically important, but they are a significant source of greenhouse gases. The emissions are related to soil water-table level, and selection harvesting has been suggested as a method to reduce net emissions while maintaining tree growth.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Matti Kamarainen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Markku Kulmala, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, Annalea Lohila, Anna Lintunen
Summary: In this study, machine learning methods (RF and GB) were used to predict the net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in a pine-dominated boreal forest in southern Finland over 1996-2018. The results showed that both RF and GB were able to explain the temporal variability of NEE using meteorological predictors, but GB was more accurate.
Article
Ecology
Lauri Heiskanen, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Henriikka Vekuri, Aleksi Rasanen, Tarmo Virtanen, Sari Juutinen, Annalea Lohila, Juha Mikola, Mika Aurela
Summary: The subarctic landscape in northern Finland consists of forests, peatlands, and aquatic ecosystems. Carbon exchange between these ecosystems and the atmosphere, in the form of carbon dioxide and methane fluxes, varies spatially and temporally. Forests are the largest contributors to carbon dioxide absorption, while peatlands are the main source of methane emissions. Lakes within the landscape release carbon dioxide and methane. Climate change has different effects on carbon balance in different ecosystems.
Letter
Plant Sciences
Sylwia Adamczyk, Aleksi Lehtonen, Raisa Maekipaeae, Bartosz Adamczyk
Article
Forestry
Olli-Pekka Tikkasalo, Kersti Leppa, Samuli Launiainen, Mikko Peltoniemi, Raisa Makipaa, Katja T. Rinne-Garmston, Elina Sahlstedt, Giles H. F. Young, Aleksandra Bokareva, Annalea Lohila, Mika Korkiakoski, Pauliina Schiestl-Aalto, Aleksi Lehtonen
Summary: This study investigated the physiological response of suppressed trees when larger trees are removed as part of continuous cover forestry (CCF) practices. The researchers collected tree-ring samples from Norway spruce trees and measured changes in stable carbon and oxygen isotopic ratios of the wood to quantify the harvest response. The study found that the model predicted a similar but lower harvest response compared to the measurements, and considering mesophyll conductance was important for capturing the variation in carbon discrimination. Sensitivity analysis on the model indicated that carbon discrimination was sensitive to parameters related to CO2 transport through stomata to the mesophyll.
Article
Forestry
Sadadi Ojoatre, Jos Barlow, Suzanne R. Jacobs, Mariana C. Rufino
Summary: This study evaluates the changes in a forest complex in Kenya and finds that within 20 years of disturbance, there is rapid recovery of aboveground biomass and carbon accumulation, and the species diversity remains high in these previously disturbed fragments.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Astor Torano Caicoya, Peter Biber, Miren del Rio, Ricardo Ruiz-Peinado, Catia Arcangeli, Robert Matthews, Hans Pretzsch
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of site and climate on the self-thinning line in Scots pine forests in Europe. The results showed that species tolerance, temperature, and precipitation influenced the slope of the self-thinning line. In terms of the intercept, latitude and radiation had compensating effects. Time did not show significant trends in the self-thinning line. The study highlights the need to adapt management strategies and models based on self-thinning to different latitudes. Climate change has not yet significantly impacted the self-thinning trajectory, but a continuous rise in temperature and high precipitation may accelerate the self-thinning process and result in increased biomass accumulation.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Haonan Zhang, Jianing Xu, Weiqi Meng, Zhonglin Li, Yanyan Ni, Weijie Li, Hao Chen, Xingshuo Zhang, Huanhuan Yuan, Zhi Wang
Summary: Secondary forests play a crucial role in ecosystem dynamics and biodiversity recovery. This study investigated the mechanisms underlying secondary succession in a restored secondary forest and found that deciduous tree species transition from diversity accumulators to repellents as they progress through different life history stages, while evergreen tree species can act as accumulators or remain neutral. The study also revealed the effects of density dependence on the mortality and regeneration of different tree species, and highlighted the importance of early-arriving tree species in facilitating the establishment and diversity of late-arriving counterparts.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Yierxiati Abulaiti, Zijian Huang, Guojiao Xie, Xiaojuan Zou, Qin Luo, Minhuang Wang, Qiong Yang, Ping Hu, Shixiao Yu
Summary: In this study, the resistance to pest infestation of native and exotic mangrove species was compared based on their traits and spectral reflectance. The results showed that exotic species exhibited higher resistance to pest infestation compared to native species.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Thomas Feiss, Vincent Robin, Delphine Aran, Joseph Levillain, Thierry Paul, Jean-Luc Dupouey
Summary: Fagus sylvatica L. is a competitive tree in European temperate deciduous forests, but often sporadic or absent in present-day stands where Quercus spp. are dominant. Through soil charcoal analysis in the Lorraine Plateau in France, the presence of Fagus and Quercus in mature Quercus stands was confirmed. Radiocarbon dating results indicated that historical forest management caused the replacement of Fagus by Quercus, starting from the Bronze Age.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Paula Halbig, Anne-Sophie Stelzer, Peter Baier, Josef Pennerstorfer, Horst Delb, Axel Schopf
Summary: The incidence of oak processionary moth in Central Europe has been increasing, posing severe threats to oak trees, humans, and animals. To address this issue, researchers have developed an online early warning system that provides phenological forecasts and decision support for the protection of oak trees and human health.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Jean-Baptiste Ndamiyehe Ncutirakiza, Sylvie Gourlet-Fleury, Philippe Lejeune, Xavier Bry, Catherine Trottier, Frederic Mortier, Adeline Fayolle, Francois Muhashy Habiyaremye, Leopold Ndjele Mianda-Bungi, Gauthier Ligot
Summary: This study examines the influence of canopy structure on tropical tree growth using data collected through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and field measurements. The results show that combining UAV and field data can improve the prediction of tree diameter increment. Diameter at breast height and crown area are complementary predictors, and crown-based competition indices significantly enhance prediction models. The calibrated model at one site can accurately predict growth at another site.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Abebe Damtew, Emiru Birhane, Christian Messier, Alain Paquette, Bart Muys
Summary: Restoring degraded dryland requires a diverse mixture of trees and shrubs. Shading and species diversity can improve seedling survival and vitality. Shaded conditions led to higher seedling survival, vitality, and chlorophyll content, while increasing species richness improved seedling vitality in non-shaded conditions.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Francois Hebert, Isabelle Delisle, Marc Tremblay, Pascal Tremblay, Jean- Francois Boucher, Yan Boucher, Daniel Lord
Summary: Regeneration failures in the closed-crown boreal forest, resulting in the creation of open lichen woodlands, can be restored through clear-cutting, scarification, and natural seeding. Clear-cutting combined with scarification promotes seedling establishment, and scarification creates suitable microsites for germination. Seedling growth in lichen woodlands is higher when logging and scarification are combined, but lower compared to feather moss stands. Afforestation through natural seeding following scarification could be a cost-effective option for restoring lichen woodlands.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Bianca Wulansari Kassun, A. Maarit I. Kallio, Erik Tr Omborg, Meley Mekonen Rannestad
Summary: Mapping and analyzing forest ecosystem services in dry and mountain forests can provide valuable knowledge for sustainable forest management strategies.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Michael Premer, Eric Turnblom, Aaron Weiskittel
Summary: Managed forests serve as a natural climate change solution by sequestering carbon and storing it in harvested wood products, while also providing ecosystem services and wildlife habitat. This study focused on the stem sinuosity of juvenile coastal Douglas-fir and found that genetic improvement, silviculture practices, and local growing conditions can impact stem sinuosity. Factors such as tree spacing, vegetation control, and climate variables also affect the severity of stem sinuosity.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Bronwyn Lira Dyson, Rhea Herpel, Peter Karasch, Jorg Mueller, Dominik Thom, Claus Baessler
Summary: The study aimed to assess the effects of different forest management strategies, dead wood types, and microclimates on Fomes fomentarius. The results showed that the occupancy of Fomes fomentarius was lower in control stands, while the percent cover occupied on snags under a closed canopy was higher. Increasing the number of snags and maintaining dense forest canopies could enhance the presence of Fomes fomentarius as well as provide important microhabitats for various arthropods.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Di Liu, Chaofan Zhou, Xiao He, Xiangdong Lei, Huiru Zhang, Xianzhao Liu
Summary: Canopy structure plays a significant role in the distribution and growth of saplings. Traditional canopy metrics are inadequate in irregular stands. The innovative framework of canopy triangular units provides a comprehensive understanding of the canopy's three-dimensional attributes. Through this framework, we can analyze the differences in various triangular unit types and the spatial dispersion of saplings.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Amalia Valeria Ibanez Moro, Fabian Borghetti, Leonardo Galetto, Juan M. Cellini, Sandra J. Bravo
Summary: This study evaluated the size and persistence of soil seed banks (SSB) of six native woody species in dry subtropical forests of the western Argentine Chaco region. The results showed that SSB size was influenced by different sites and sampling years, and forest disturbances had varying effects on SSB.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Forestry
Stephanie Landry, Marc-Andre Villard, Gaetan Pelletier, Martin-Hugues St-Laurent
Summary: In many regions of the world, excessive browsing by ungulates has reached unsustainable levels, threatening biodiversity and forest regeneration. Moose, as ecological engineers, have severe impacts on forest structure and composition through overbrowsing. The distribution of forage and cover patches affects moose browsing pressure, and this relationship has been explored in conifer-dominated stands but not in hardwood-dominated landscapes.
FOREST ECOLOGY AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)