Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ann A. Coulter, Frank L. Greenway, Dachuan Zhang, Sujoy Ghosh, Cathryn R. Coulter, Sarah L. James, Yanlin He, Luke A. Cusimano, Candida J. Rebello
Summary: Naringenin, an activator found in citrus fruits, has beneficial effects on thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Our study investigated if carotenoids can enhance the metabolic effects of naringenin on adipocytes. Results showed that beta-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to improve thermogenesis and glucose metabolism genes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna Manzeger, Gantsetseg Garmaa, Miklos M. Mozes, Georg Hansmann, Gabor Kokeny
Summary: Pioglitazone can inhibit excessive production of renal TGF-beta and dysregulation of fibrosis-related miRNAs, as well as restore autophagy function. Animal experiments showed that pioglitazone significantly improved kidney fibrosis and related autophagy dysfunction, and suppressed the expression of inflammatory genes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kana Unuma, Homare Kaga, Takeshi Funakoshi, Moeka Nomura, Toshihiko Aki, Koichi Uemura
Summary: Cocaine abuse has a negative impact on the immune system, as shown by a study involving rats. The repeated administration of cocaine led to reduced weight of the thymus and spleen, as well as alterations in cell apoptosis and lipid metabolism.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mahmoud M. Samaha, Manar G. Helal, Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Eman Said, Hatem A. Salem
Summary: The study evaluated the effects of canagliflozin and indapamide on type 2 diabetes mellitus. Both drugs showed anti-diabetic effects, improved antioxidant defenses, and reduced inflammation. Indapamide had a superior effect on certain indicators, suggesting its potential in regulating T2DM.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Liping Luo, Lu Wang, Yan Luo, Estevan Romero, Xin Yang, Meilian Liu
Summary: The study reveals that glucocorticoids play a key role in regulating thermogenesis in response to cold stress by modulating adiponectin levels. The interaction between glucocorticoids and adiponectin in adipose tissue is crucial for regulating adaptive thermogenesis and energy balance.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hongyu Shen, Xun Huang, Yiheng Zhao, Dongmei Wu, Kaili Xue, Jingfei Yao, Yushuang Wang, Nan Tang, Yifu Qiu
Summary: This study reveals that adipose tissue fibrosis is associated with metabolic dysfunction in obesity. The Hippo pathway interacts with TGF-beta signaling to regulate the cellular and functional shift of adipocytes, promoting extracellular matrix remodeling and the development of adipose tissue fibrosis. Macrophages produce TGF-beta and YAP/TAZ enhance SMAD2 stability, thereby contributing to fibrotic responses. Inhibition of YAP/TAZ activity can relieve adipose tissue fibrosis and improve metabolic homeostasis in obese mice.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Orthopedics
Zhenhan Deng, Fei Chen, Yuwei Liu, Jinping Wang, Wei Lu, Wei Jiang, Weimin Zhu
Summary: The study revealed that losartan can halt the progression of OA by upregulating PPAR gamma expression and inhibiting the TGF-beta 1 signaling pathway, with intraarticular injection proving to be the optimal mode of administration and 10 mg/mL the optimal treatment concentration.
JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC TRANSLATION
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Colleen S. Curran, Jeffrey B. Kopp
Summary: The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) plays an important role in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by binding various endogenous and xenobiotic ligands and regulating kidney stability, transcriptional activity, and cell signaling. AHR activity is closely associated with kidney damage and protection, with its cross-talk with estrogen, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma, and NF-kappa B pathways contributing to the diversity of AHR responses in different forms and stages of CKD. Understanding the roles of AHR in kidney fibrosis, metabolism, and the renin-angiotensin system can provide insights into the pathogenesis and therapies of CKD.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chenyang Zhang, Huifang Yu, Jingxue Ye, Hongna Tong, Min Wang, Guibo Sun
Summary: Ginsenoside Rg3 extracted from Panax notoginseng has therapeutic effects on diabetes and heart diseases. This study investigated the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3 on diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). The results showed that ginsenoside Rg3 improved adiponectin secretion and signaling, alleviated overweight, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and lipid accumulation and dysfunction in adipose, liver, and heart tissues. This research suggests that ginsenoside Rg3 may be a promising drug for treating diabetic cardiomyopathy.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Mahmoud M. Samaha, Manar G. Helal, Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Eman Said, Hatem A. Salem
Summary: This study evaluated and compared the anti-diabetic effects of adipoRon and diacerein in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats, finding that both substances can improve adiponectin and insulin secretion, enhance antioxidant defenses, reduce oxidative burden, and have significant anti-inflammatory effects.
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Toshiharu Onodera, Dae-Seok Kim, Risheng Ye, May-Yun Wang, Shiuhwei Chen, Bianca C. Field, Leon Straub, Xue-Nan Sun, Chao Li, Charlotte Lee, Megan Paredes, Clair Crewe, Shangang Zhao, Christine M. Kusminski, Ruth Gordillo, Philipp E. Scherer
Summary: The disease progression of metabolic syndrome is associated with the role of adiponectin in pancreatic islets, which maintains normal pancreatic function by regulating the expression of the transcription factors PPARa and HNF4a.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Qirong Lu, Siyi Hu, Pu Guo, Xiaohui Zhu, Zhongchang Ren, Qinghua Wu, Xu Wang
Summary: T-2 toxin may induce cardiac fibrosis by activating the TGF-beta 1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway and increasing PPAR-gamma expression, and increasing exogenous PPAR-gamma can alleviate the cardiac fibrosis caused by T-2 toxin.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Daiyun Zhu, Le Xu, Xuan Wei, Benzeng Xia, Yuqing Gong, Qinjin Li, Xiaodong Chen
Summary: The study demonstrates that PPAR gamma promotes the expression, polymerization, and secretion of Adiponectin by activating RUVBL2 transcriptionally, which accelerates the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gabor Koekeny, Laurent Calvier, Georg Hansmann
Summary: PPAR gamma, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism, is also implicated in cardiac development, PAH, and kidney failure. Recent studies have linked PPAR gamma signaling with the TGF beta superfamily, highlighting the complex crosstalk between these pathways in PAH and kidney failure. The therapeutic potential of PPAR gamma agonist pioglitazone is also discussed in the context of these connections.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Afifah Zahirah Abd Rami, Amilia Aminuddin, Adila A. Hamid, Mohd Helmy Mokhtar, Azizah Ugusman
Summary: This study found that nicotine reduces the anti-contractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) on blood vessels by inhibiting the PPARγ-adiponectin-adipoR1 axis. This may help explain the detrimental effects of nicotine on vascular function.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
He-Yan Li, Li Dong, Xu-Han Shi, Rui-Heng Zhang, Wen-Da Zhou, Hao-Tian Wu, Chu-Yao Yu, Yi-Tong Li, Yi-Fan Li, Jost B. Jonas, Wen-Bin Wei, Yue-Ming Liu
Summary: This study aimed to examine the intraocular tolerability of cetuximab when applied intravitreally, and its effect on axial elongation. The results showed that intravitreal injections of cetuximab could reduce axial elongation in a dose-dependent and number of treatment-dependent manner, without causing intraocular toxic effects.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
James D. Cole, John A. McDaniel, Joelle Nilak, Ashley Ban, Carlos Rodriguez, Zuhaad Hameed, Marta Grannonico, Peter A. Netland, Hu Yang, Ignacio Provencio, Xiaorong Liu
Summary: Aniridia is a panocular condition characterized by the loss of iris, caused mainly by mutations in the PAX6 gene. This study assessed the effects of Pax6-haploinsufficiency on retinal morphology and vision in Pax6Sey mice. The results showed elevated intraocular pressure and declining visual acuity in Pax6Sey mice, along with local retinal damage and a possible neuroinflammatory response.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Subao Jiang, Ning Xia, Francesco Buonfiglio, Elsa W. Boehm, Qi Tang, Norbert Pfeiffer, Dominik Olinger, Huige Li, Adrian Gericke
Summary: This study found that a high-fat diet induces endothelial dysfunction in the ophthalmic artery, leading to impaired vascular function in the eye. The high-fat diet triggers oxidative stress and involves RAGE and NOX2.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Review
Ophthalmology
Mala Upadhyay, Vera L. Bonilha
Summary: The sodium iodate (NaIO3) model is a valuable tool in studying dry AMD and evaluating the retinal structure. Through extensive research, it has been found that the death of RPE cells caused by NaIO3 injection is closely related to vision loss in patients with dry AMD. Therefore, studying NaIO3 can provide insights into the mechanisms of RPE and photoreceptor cell death and contribute to understanding RPE degeneration in AMD.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)
Article
Ophthalmology
Vicki Chrysostomou, Katharina C. Bell, Sze Woei Ng, Samyuktha Suresh, Gayathri Karthik, Marion Millet, Yingying Chung, Jonathan G. Crowston
Summary: We present a new experimental model for inducing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) dysfunction and degeneration in mice. This model allows for the reliable induction of RGC dysfunction and loss, with the resilience of the optic nerve being dependent on the age of the animal. The time-defined nature of the functional and structural changes observed in this model will facilitate the study of glial responses and the evaluation of neuroprotective treatments after intraocular pressure (IOP) injury.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2024)