Article
Engineering, Chemical
Johanna Fernengel, Rene Weber, Normen Szesni, Richard W. Fischer, Olaf Hinrichsen
Summary: This study used simulation technology to investigate the impact of catalytic pellet shrinkage on the bed structure and flow dynamics within random packings, revealing higher voidage and lower pressure drop values in the packings after pellet shrinkage. The feasibility of simulating pellet shrinkage within random packings was demonstrated, indicating its potential for reactor simulation.
INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mauricio Vaca Guerra, Yogesh M. Harshe, Lennart Fries, Sophia Rothberg, Stefan Palzer, Stefan Heinrich
Summary: This study investigates the impact of initial compression on water permeability during espresso extraction. The results show that low permeability desired during espresso brewing can be achieved by tuning compression force and particle size distribution parameters.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jeetram Yogi, Praveen Dubey, Sanjay Kumar Verma, Sunil Kumar, Anshu Anand
Summary: This study investigates the influence of particle properties (shape, size, and density) on mixing behavior in a vibrated packed bed mixer for binary and ternary mixtures, using the subdomain mixing index. Two different regimes, percolation and buoyancy control, are identified based on the segregation parameter (Z) value. The Z value combines the effects of various particle properties. The subdomain mixing index is strongly correlated with the segregation parameter. The study finds that in binary mixtures, reducing the density of coarse particles reduces mixing, while reducing the density of fine particles enhances mixing. The segregation behavior of nonspherical particles indicates that shape-induced segregation is not the dominant factor, but nonspherical particles exhibit better mixing than spherical particles.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sajad Khooshechin, Mohamman Ali Moosavian, Jaber Safdari, Mohammad Hassan Mallah, Hossein Badakhshan
Summary: In this study, the authors investigated the mean drop diameter and drop size distribution in a pilot plant of a new type of extraction column. The effects of operational variables, physical properties, and mass transfer direction were considered. The study found that the pulsation intensity and interfacial tension significantly affected the mean drop diameter and drop size distribution, while the phases flow rates and mass transfer direction had a weaker impact. The study also observed that the mean drop diameter was consistent in the horizontal and vertical sections of the column, which was considered a significant advantage. New correlations were proposed to accurately predict the mean drop size and drop size distribution.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shipu Han, Zhiwei Sun, Claire de Jacobi du Vallon, Tim Collins, Matthew Boot-Handford, Mark G. Sceats, Zhao Feng Tian, Graham J. Nathan
Summary: A novel in-situ particle size measurement method using micro-focusing particle shadowgraphy in a high-temperature reactor for lime-calcination was presented. The method was demonstrated to provide reliable measurement of particle diameter and sphericity, showing potential for practical applications.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Fabiano Bisinella Scheufele, Eliane Soares da Silva, Barbara Bulhoes Cazula, Daniel Sena Marins, Rodrigo Sequinel, Carlos Eduardo Borba, Giovani Silvero Patuzzo, Thiago Fernando Magrini Lopez, Helton Jose Alves
Summary: This study evaluated the H2S removal by a microporous babassu-derived biochar in a fixed bed column under low pressure and temperature conditions. A mathematical model was developed to describe equilibrium and mass transfer kinetics, showing that the biochar displayed desirable textural properties and high affinity for the H2S system. The model had predictive capacity and could support the design and scale-up of adsorption systems.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenxin Zhao, Fangqin Cheng, Yuanyuan Zhang, Peizhen Zhao, Fengling Yang
Summary: This study investigated the evolution mechanism of limestone particles with a wide size distribution in a self-built fluidized bed. The results showed that the particle size distribution of limestone exhibited three stages as a function of reaction time. The effects of attrition, heat stress, calcination, and sulfation on the changes in particle size were quantified and correlated with time. A novel method was proposed to predict the evolution mechanism of limestone with a wide size distribution.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhaolun Cui, Chang Zhou, Amin Jafarzadeh, Shengyan Meng, Yanhui Yi, Yufei Wang, Xiaoxing Zhang, Yanpeng Hao, Licheng Li, Annemie Bogaerts
Summary: This study investigates the effects of packing size and surface properties of gamma-Al2O3 pellets on the degradation of SF6 in a packed bed dielectric barrier discharge system. The results show that decreasing packing size improves the degradation performance at low input powers, but decreases efficiency with excessively small packing pellets. Lowering the packing size promotes the generation of SO2 and reduces the yields of S-O-F products. After discharge, the pellet surface becomes smoother with the appearance of S and F elements. SF6 is likely to be adsorbed at the Al-III site over the gamma-Al2O3(110) surface, and it is more easily decomposed than in the gas phase.
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Fria Hossein, Massimiliano Materazzi, Matteo Errigo, Panagiota Angeli, Paola Lettieri
Summary: This paper describes the application of ultrasound techniques in solid-liquid fluidized beds, including the measurement of velocity profiles, particle size distribution, and solids volume fraction. The results indicate that ultrasound techniques are important for real-time characterization of highly concentrated solid-liquid systems.
Article
Thermodynamics
Pranaya Keshari Nahak, Vidula Athawale, M. Jegatheesan, Prasenjit Rath, Anirban Bhattacharya
Summary: This paper models a 3D unstructured packed bed system with spherical encapsulated phase change material of varying sizes and compares the effects of different size distributions on melting time and energy storage rates.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shijie Yu, Xiaoxiao Yang, Jie Xiang, Hui Zhou, Qinghai Li, Yanguo Zhang
Summary: This study statistically analyzed the effects of bed size on voidage in gas-solid bubbling fluidized beds. Results showed that with increasing bed size, voidage and its dispersion degree decreased, while asymmetry and steepness degree increased. Bed size had a stronger impact on voidage at lower axial positions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mauricio Vaca Guerra, Yogesh M. Harshe, Lennart Fries, Swantje Pietsch-Braune, Stefan Palzer, Stefan Heinrich
Summary: The taste of espresso is influenced by the concentrations of marker compounds extracted during brewing, and this extraction is affected by the size distribution of coffee particles. Changes in bed configuration and polarity of components impact the extraction rate. This study provides insights into selective extraction based on initial bed parameters and scaling up results.
JOURNAL OF FOOD ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Seokgyu Jeong, Keun Sang Choi, Hwan Yeol Kim, Sang Mo An, Jaehoon Jung
Summary: This study analyzed the basic characteristics of non-explosive TROI particles and conducted single-and two-phase pressure drop experiments in the particle bed. The Ergun model with an effective diameter of 1 mm predicted single-phase pressure drop results accurately, while the Schmidt and Schulenberg & Muller models with effective diameters of 3 mm and 2 mm respectively predicted two-phase pressure drop results well. The effects of particle bed characteristics on pressure drop were also discussed, and a modified pressure drop model reflecting the measured porosity was proposed.
NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND DESIGN
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zude Cheng, Haitao Wang, Junsheng Feng, Hui Dong
Summary: The gas flow regime and pressure drop in a gas-solid packed bed with irregularly shaped sinter particles were experimentally investigated. The study found that the modified pressure drop per unit height increases linearly with increasing gas superficial velocity when the particle diameter is constant.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dawid Zawadzki, Micha Blatkiewicz
Summary: The chemical industry requires new technologies for clean and energy-efficient production with increased yield. The rotating packed bed, a novel technology employing centrifugal force for enhanced mass transfer, faces pressure drop as a major challenge. In this study, a universal dry pressure drop model for rotating packed bed with baffle-based structured internals was developed and validated using experimental data. The model includes linear pressure drop due to friction, local pressure drops caused by changes in gas flow direction, and pressure drop due to rotation. Experimental tests were conducted with nine packings of varying diameters, baffle shapes, and sizes, at different rotational speeds and gas flow rates. By considering the differences in baffle geometries, a unifying shape factor was utilized, considering the solid material volume and packing cross-sectional area. The relative errors of the stationary and overall pressure drop model predictions were below 15% and 18%, respectively.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yingna Du, Chen Huang, Wei Jiang, Qiangwei Yan, Yongfei Li, Gang Chen
Summary: In this study, anionic surfactants modified hydrotalcite was used as a flow improver for crude oil under low-temperature conditions. The modified hydrotalcite showed a significant viscosity reduction effect on crude oil. The mechanism of the modified hydrotalcite on viscosity and pour point of crude oil was explored through characterization and analysis of the modified hydrotalcite and oil samples.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Saeid Rostami, Mohammad Mehdi Khodaei
Summary: In this study, a hybrid structure, MIL-53(Al)@MWCNT, was synthesized by combining MIL-53(Al) particles and -COOH functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT). The hybrid structure was then embedded in a polyethersulfone (PES) polymer matrix to prepare a mixed matrix membrane (MMM) for CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation. The addition of MWCNTs prevented MIL-53(Al) aggregation, improved membrane mechanical properties, and enhanced gas separation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yunlong Li, Desheng Huang, Xiaomeng Dong, Daoyong Yang
Summary: This study develops theoretical and experimental techniques to determine the phase behavior and physical properties of DME/flue gas/water/heavy oil systems. Eight constant composition expansion (CCE) tests are conducted to obtain new experimental data. A thermodynamic model is used to accurately predict saturation pressure and swelling factors, as well as the phase boundaries of N2/heavy oil systems and DME/CO2/heavy oil systems, with high accuracy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Morteza Afkhamipour, Ebad Seifi, Arash Esmaeili, Mohammad Shamsi, Tohid N. Borhani
Summary: Non-conventional amines are being researched worldwide to overcome the limitations of traditional amines like MEA and MDEA. Adequate process and thermodynamic models are crucial for understanding the applicability and performance of these amines in CO2 absorption, but studies on process modeling for these amines are limited. This study used rate-based modeling and Deshmukh-Mather method to model CO2 absorption by DETA solution in a packed column, validated the model with experimental data, and conducted a sensitivity analysis of mass transfer correlations. The study also compared the CO2 absorption efficiency of DETA solution with an ionic solvent [bmim]-[PF6] and highlighted the importance of finding optimum operational parameters for maximum absorption efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Arastoo Abdi, Mohamad Awarke, M. Reza Malayeri, Masoud Riazi
Summary: The utilization of smart water in EOR operations has gained attention, but more research is needed to understand the complex mechanisms involved. This study investigated the interfacial tension between smart water and crude oil, considering factors such as salt, pH, asphaltene type, and aged smart water. The results revealed that the hydration of ions in smart water plays a key role in its efficacy, with acidic and basic asphaltene acting as intrinsic surfactants. The pH also influenced the interfacial tension, and the aged smart water's interaction with crude oil depended on asphaltene type, salt, and salinity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dongao Zhu, Kun Zhu, Lixian Xu, Haiyan Huang, Jing He, Wenshuai Zhu, Huaming Li, Wei Jiang
Summary: In this study, cobalt-based metal-organic frameworks (Co-based MOFs) were used as supports and co-catalysts to confine the NHPI catalyst, solving the leaching issue. The NHPI@Co-MOF with carboxyl groups exhibited stronger acidity and facilitated the generation of active oxygen radicals O2•, resulting in enhanced catalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into the selection of suitable organic linkers and broadens the research horizon of MOF hybrids in efficient oxidative desulfurization (ODS) applications.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Edwin G. Hoyos, Gloria Amo-Duodu, U. Gulsum Kiral, Laura Vargas-Estrada, Raquel Lebrero, Rail Munoz
Summary: This study investigated the impact of carbon-coated zero-valent nanoparticle concentration on photosynthetic biogas upgrading. The addition of nanoparticles significantly increased microalgae productivity and enhanced nitrogen and phosphorus assimilation. The presence of nanoparticles also improved the quality of biomethane produced.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yao Xiao, Asma Leghari, Linfeng Liu, Fangchao Yu, Ming Gao, Lu Ding, Yu Yang, Xueli Chen, Xiaoyu Yan, Fuchen Wang
Summary: Iron is added as a flocculant in wastewater treatment and the hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of sludge produces wastewater containing Fe. This study investigates the effect of aqueous phase (AP) recycling on hydrochar properties, iron evolution and environmental assessment during HTC of sludge. The results show that AP recycling process improves the dewatering performance of hydrochar and facilitates the recovery of Fe from the liquid phase.
Article
Energy & Fuels
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Jianliang Yu, Weizhai Yi, Fangming Cheng, Jingyu Zhao, Xingqing Yan, Jun Deng, Jihao Shi
Summary: This study investigated the influence of inhibitors (carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and heptafluoropropane) on the lower flammability limit of hydrogen and determined the critical inhibitory concentration needed for complete suppression. The impact of inhibitors on explosive characteristics was evaluated, and the inhibitory mechanism was analyzed with chemical kinetics. The results showed that with the increase of inhibitor quantity, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen also increased. The research findings can contribute to the safe utilization of hydrogen energy.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zonghui Liu, Zhongze Zhang, Yali Zhou, Ziling Wang, Mingyang Du, Zhe Wen, Bing Yan, Qingxiang Ma, Na Liu, Bing Xue
Summary: In this study, high-performance solid catalysts based on phosphotungstic acid (HPW) supported on Zr-SBA-15 were synthesized and evaluated for the one-pot conversion of furfural (FUR) to γ-valerolactone (GVL). The catalysts were characterized using various techniques, and the ratio of HPW and Zr was found to significantly affect the selectivity of GVL. The HPW/Zr-SBA-15 (2-4-15) catalyst exhibited the highest GVL yield (83%) under optimized reaction conditions, and it was determined that a balance between Bronsted acid sites (BAS) and Lewis acid sites (LAS) was crucial for achieving higher catalytic performance. The reaction parameters and catalyst stability were also investigated.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Michael Stoehr, Stephan Ruoff, Bastian Rauch, Wolfgang Meier, Patrick Le Clercq
Summary: As part of the global energy transition, an experimental study was conducted to understand the effects of different fuel properties on droplet vaporization for various conventional and alternative fuels. The study utilized a flow channel to measure the evolution of droplet diameters over time and distance. The results revealed the temperature-dependent effects of physical properties, such as boiling point, liquid density, and enthalpy of vaporization, and showed the complex interactions of preferential vaporization and temperature-dependent influences of physical properties for multi-component fuels.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yuan Zhuang, Ruikang Wu, Xinyan Wang, Rui Zhai, Changyong Gao
Summary: Through experimental validation and optimization of the chemical kinetic model, it was found that methanol can accelerate the oxidation reaction of ammonia, and methanol can be rapidly oxidized at high concentration. HO2 was found to generate a significant amount of OH radicals, facilitating the oxidation of methanol and ammonia. Rating: 7.5/10.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Radwan M. EL-Zohairy, Ahmed S. Attia, A. S. Huzayyin, Ahmed I. EL-Seesy
Summary: This paper presents a lab-scale experimental study on the impact of diethyl ether (DEE) as an additive to waste cooking oil biodiesel with Jet A-1 on combustion and emission features of a swirl-stabilized premixed flame. The addition of DEE to biodiesel significantly affects the flame temperature distribution and emissions. The W20D20 blend of DEE, biodiesel, and Jet A-1 shows similar flame temperature distribution to Jet A-1 and significantly reduces UHC, CO, and NOx emissions compared to Jet A-1.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiang Bian, Ziyuan Zhao, Yang Liu, Ran Cheng, Xuerui Zang, Xuewen Cao
Summary: This study presents a novel method for ammonia separation using supersonic flow and develops a mathematical model to investigate the condensation phenomenon. The results demonstrate that the L-P nucleation model accurately characterizes the nucleation process of ammonia at low temperatures. Numerical simulations also show that increasing pressure and concentration can enhance ammonia condensation efficiency.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shiyuan Pan, Xiaodan Shi, Beibei Dong, Jan Skvaril, Haoran Zhang, Yongtu Liang, Hailong Li
Summary: Integrating CO2 capture with biomass-fired combined heat and power (bio-CHP) plants is a promising method for achieving negative emissions. This study develops a reliable data-driven model based on the Transformer architecture to predict the flowrate and CO2 concentration of flue gas in real time. The model validation shows high prediction accuracy, and the potential impact of meteorological parameters on model accuracy is assessed. The results demonstrate that the Transformer model outperforms other models and using near-infrared spectral data as input features improves the prediction accuracy.