Article
Thermodynamics
P. K. Wu, M. Q. Chen, H. W. Wang, S. H. Wei, X. B. Zhong
Summary: Steam gasification performance of char pellets from typical solid waste in a nuclear power plant was investigated, showing a synergistic effect in mixture gasification. The maximum mass reduction ratio of mixture char through gasification reached 98%, and after further treatment, the total maximum mass reduction ratios of primary samples exceeded 98%, significantly higher than that only through pyrolysis.
THERMOCHIMICA ACTA
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Amit Kumar Singh, Om Prakash Sinha, Randhir Singh
Summary: The potential of fast-growing and high-carbon yielding hardwood biomasses, such as Acacia, Albizia, and Leucaena, as reductants in ironmaking has been explored. Charcoals derived from these biomasses, specifically W1 and W3, were found to be better reductants than charcoal from W2 in composite pellets with iron ore. The use of charcoal, which is CO2 neutral and more reactive than coal, proves to be a better alternative in the reduction process of ironmaking.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
A. Sarkar, V. Chavan, N. N. Pai, A. Prakash, B. Hazra, P. Raut, D. Sunilkumar, C. Sivananda, S. Kundu, S. Nag, S. Basu, I. Samajdar
Summary: This study conducted simulated reduction studies on twenty different iron ore pellets and found that the reduction time period was related to the final iron and Wustite ratio. The reduction time period also scaled with microstructural parameters such as porosity, grain size, crystallographic texture, and dislocation density. It was suggested that dislocation density represented the controlling feature for the reduction of iron ore pellets.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Raj Kumar Dishwar, Om Prakash Sinha
Summary: The reduction behavior of high flux hardened iron ore pellets of different basicity levels was studied at different temperatures, with the best-fit kinetic model and activation energy calculated. It was found that pellets with higher basicity levels had lower activation energies after reduction in a coal bed, making them suitable for steelmaking in Electric arc furnace/Linz-Donawitz Converter.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Yi, Xianhua Wang, Kuo Zeng, Haiping Yang, Jingai Shao, Shihong Zhang, A. Paul Watkinson, Hanping Chen
Summary: In this study, the effect of medium temperature devolatilization (MTD) on biomass gasification kinetics was investigated. Isothermal steam gasification experiments were performed on corn stalk and its MTD-chars. It was found that the influences of alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) on the gasification process varied under different conversion rates, which resulted in fitting errors for the random pore model. Therefore, a semi-empirical kinetic model called RPM+ was developed to accurately describe the catalytic effects of AAEMs on biomass gasification. This study is significant for the simulation and design of biomass staged gasification processes, as well as the high-value utilization of biomass with high AAEMs content through gasification.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
G. Grasa, I. Martinez, R. Murillo
Summary: Gasification kinetics of six chars from residual origin were studied under relatively low temperature, low CO2, and high H2O partial pressures. The Random Pore Model (RPM) showed the best fit to experimental results, but the selection of the reaction model depended on the ash composition, specifically the presence of alkali and alkaline earth metals. Chars with ash content higher than 30% wt. were modeled with the RPM model, while chars with the highest K/Si ratio required modified versions of the RPM to accurately predict reaction rates. Textural properties played a key role in determining reaction parameters, such as the pre-exponential factor and activation energy, for chars with similar ash content and composition.
BIOMASS & BIOENERGY
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Yen-Hau Chen, Ashak Mahmud Parvez, Max Schmid, Guenter Scheffknecht
Summary: This study evaluated the spontaneous gasification and catalytic activity of wood char in simulated sorption enhanced gasification environments, investigating the impact of hydrogen on tar-reforming performance. The results showed that spontaneous gasification during tar surrogates reforming led to the catalytic deactivation of wood char. By considering gasification-caused deactivation, the carbon conversion was used as a variable to modify the kinetic equations of the tar surrogates reforming.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yaxin Ge, Saiman Ding, Xiangrui Kong, Efthymios Kantarelis, Klas Engvall, Jan B. C. Pettersson
Summary: This study characterizes the alkali release during CO2 gasification of biochar using a surface ionization method combined with thermogravimetric analysis. The results show that alkali release rate from wood char decreases as char conversion proceeds, but increases significantly when conversion approaches completion. On the other hand, alkali release from straw char is much higher and decreases continuously during gasification. High temperature and high CO2 concentration enhance alkali release and char reactivity.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Abourehab Hammam, Yi Cao, Abdel-Hady A. El-Geassy, Mohamed H. El-Sadek, Ying Li, Han Wei, Mamdouh Omran, Yaowei Yu
Summary: This study investigated the non-isothermal reduction of iron ore fines using two carbon-bearing materials through thermogravimetric technique. The results showed that heating rates and carbon sources significantly influenced the reduction rate, with charcoal exhibiting higher reduction rates. The reduction process from Fe2O3 to metallic iron was stepwise for iron ore-coal while for iron ore-charcoal it was through FeO. Calculated activation energies indicated gas diffusion control at initial stages and nucleation reaction control at final stages.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Veera Brahmacharyulu Angalakuditi, Paramesha Bhadravathi, Ramarao Gujare, Gowthaman Ayyappan, Lokendra Raj Singh, Saroj Sundar Baral
Summary: This study investigated the reduction degree and mineralogical aspects of iron ore, pellets, and sinter using hydrogen. It was found that the weight loss of goethite and limonite iron ore was lower than that of magnetite and hematite. Pellets did not crack during reduction with hydrogen, while crack was observed when reduced with 30% CO. The grain size of lump ore and pellets was smaller than that of sinter. The highest iron content observed was 96% in pellets and 99% in sinter when reduced with hydrogen. The study also discussed the application of hydrogen/hydrogen-rich gas in the sinter plant and COREX.
METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS B-PROCESS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS PROCESSING SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yingjie Fan, Yunhao Zhang, Zhichao Li, Yifan Chai, Yici Wang, Guoping Luo, Shengli An
Summary: This study investigates the swelling behavior of pellets prepared from Bayan Obo iron ore concentrate during the reduction process, providing valuable insights into the reduction swelling theory of pellets prepared from complex intergrowth minerals.
IRONMAKING & STEELMAKING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ariany Zulkania, Rochmadi Rochmadi, Muslikhin Hidayat, Rochim Bakti Cahyono
Summary: This study investigates the reduction reactivity of pellets prepared from low-grade iron ore and palm kernel shells as a source of fuel in the steel industry. The results demonstrate that increasing the heating rate enhances the reduction reaction and shortens the reaction time.
Article
Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering
Yuri Korobeinikov, Amogh Meshram, Christopher Harris, Olexandr Kovtun, Joe Govro, Ronald J. O'Malley, Olena Volkova, Seetharaman Sridhar
Summary: Direct reduction of iron ore (DRI) has gained attention as a way to decarbonize industrial processes. This study focuses on the effects of gas mixtures and temperature on the reduction kinetics of hematite iron-ore pellets. The results show that slower reduction rates lead to larger pores, offsetting the influence of gas composition. Higher temperatures result in coarser pores and higher porosity. An increase in CO content in the gas mix also leads to larger pore size.
STEEL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Lingyun Yi, Nan Zhang, Haowen Hao, Lin Wang, Huarong Xiao, Guanghui Li, Zhikai Liang, Zhucheng Huang, Tao Jiang
Summary: This work presents a system that co-produces syngas and direct reduced iron through the conversion of biomass and iron ore. The system achieved a high syngas yield and DRI metallization ratio, and it has potential applications in green fuel gasification or DRI processes.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Damodar S. Reddy, Hao-Hsun Chang, Meng -Yu Tsai, In-Gann Chen, Keng-Tung Wu, Shih-Hsien Liu
Summary: This study investigated the use of different reducing agents in iron-ore composite pellets, including coal, spent mushroom substrate, torrefied mushroom substrate, and de-ashed torrefied mushroom substrate. The torrefied mushroom pellets exhibited significant swelling and softening behavior, while coal and de-ashed torrefied pellets did not swell. Additionally, the addition of alkali metal oxides and soda lime glass to de-ashed torrefied pellets resulted in increased swelling and decreased softening temperature.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY-JMR&T
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Dingding Yao, Haiping Yang, Qiang Hu, Yingquan Chen, Hanping Chen, Paul T. Williams
Summary: In this study, carbon nanotubes were produced from post-consumer mixed waste plastics using a pyrolysis-catalysis process, with the Ni-Fe/MCM41 catalyst displaying the highest catalytic activity. The order of catalytic activity was related to differences in catalyst pore volume and catalyst reducibility, with the formation of a Ni-Fe alloy suggested to be crucial for the promotion of carbon nanotube formation. By-product production of hydrogen at large quantities could be utilized as process fuel.
APPLIED CATALYSIS B-ENVIRONMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Xin He, Qiang Hu, Haiping Yang, Christine Annette Shoemaker, Chi-Hwa Wang
Summary: This article introduces a dynamic biomass gasification model based on the hybrid peripheral fragmentation and shrinking-core model, trained using global surrogate optimization techniques. The calibrated kinetic model shows significant improvement in accuracy, with over 95% decrease in integrated squared error (ISE) compared to the original model.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Juniza Md. Saad, Paul T. Williams, Ye Shui Zhang, Dingding Yao, Haiping Yang, Hui Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the thermal degradation of waste plastics under different pyrolysis atmospheres, revealing that a mixture of N2/CO2 can lower the activation energy for plastic degradation and promote the process, while a high concentration of CO2 may influence the degradation process of plastics.
JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL AND APPLIED PYROLYSIS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xian Li, Jialing Chen, Qiang Hu, Peng Chu, Yanjun Dai, Chi-Hwa Wang
Summary: The experiment focused on solar CO2 gasification of charcoal, achieving highest values under specific operating conditions with optimized parameters, which significantly improved solar conversion efficiency.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hua Tang, Hongyun Hu, Aijun Li, Baojun Yi, Xian Li, Dingding Yao, Hong Yao, Haoran Yuan
Summary: The innovative molten salt thermal treatment was proposed to remove impurities from waste tire pyrolytic char, with the highest removal rate achieved at 400 degrees Celsius. This method effectively removed over 80% of ash and 70% of sulfur, achieving a char recovery rate between 71% and 83%.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Yuhan Yang, Tiancheng Wang, Hongyun Hu, Dingding Yao, Chan Zou, Kai Xu, Xian Li, Hong Yao
Summary: This study investigated the pyrolysis behavior of woody and agricultural herbaceous lignocellulosic biowaste in molten salts, showing that the removal of hemicellulose or lignin significantly affected the characteristics of the pyrolysis products, with hemicellulose having a more pronounced impact on liquid products.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shuang Song, Jun Wei Lim, Jonathan T. E. Lee, Jia Chin Cheong, Sherilyn H. Hoy, Qiang Hu, Jonathan K. N. Tan, Zhongyu Chiam, Srishti Arora, Tiffany Q. H. Lum, Ee Yang Lim, Chi-Hwa Wang, Hugh T. W. Tan, Yen Wah Tong
Summary: This study found that dilution and biochar filtration of anaerobic digestate can enhance its agronomic performance as a fertilizer, making it a sustainable substitute for commercial fertilizer. The processed digestate showed comparable results to commercial fertilizer in vegetable cultivation experiments.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Qiang Hu, Yong Sik Ok, Chi-Hwa Wang
Summary: Converting plastic waste into syngas using Fe2AlOx-based chemical looping technology is a sustainable and efficient approach with high carbon conversion and syngas concentration. The iron species act as catalysts and provide lattice oxygen for the deep decomposition of hydrocarbons, enabling the efficient recycling of plastic waste into valuable products.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qiang Hu, Wei Cheng, Qiaoting Mao, Junhao Hu, Haiping Yang, Hanping Chen
Summary: This study characterized the physicochemical properties of chars produced from biomass pellet pyrolysis under different heating rates. The results showed that the heating rate had significant effects on the char yield, physical properties, chemical structure, and gasification reactivity, with some irregular patterns observed in certain properties.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Xin He, Qiang Hu, Jialing Chen, Wei Quan Leong, Yanjun Dai, Chi-Hwa Wang
Summary: This paper demonstrates the potential and advantages of chicken manure gasification through the energy, environmental, and microbial risk assessments of an industrial-scale plant in Singapore.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Le Zhang, Dingding Yao, To-Hung Tsui, Kai-Chee Loh, Chi-Hwa Wang, Yanjun Dai, Yen Wah Tong
Summary: A hybrid biological and thermal system was investigated to convert plastic-containing food waste into renewable energy. The results showed that anaerobic digestion and CO2 gasification of the plastic-containing waste produced higher methane and syngas yields compared to pure waste. Addition of biochar further increased methane production due to selective enrichment of certain microbial communities. The system has promising potential for industrial-scale treatment of plastic-containing food waste and recovery of renewable biofuels and bioresources.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhengshuai Sun, Dingding Yao, Chengyang Cao, Zihang Zhang, Liqi Zhang, Haodong Zhu, Qiaoxia Yuan, Baojun Yi
Summary: Graphite is an important industrial material that has experienced a shortage due to increasing demand and rising costs of raw materials. This study explores a low-cost method of preparing graphite using biomass as the carbon source, and investigates the effects of temperature and iron content on the graphitization process. The results show that increasing the amount of catalyst and temperature can enhance the graphitization of the products.
JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Guang Yang, Qiang Hu, Junhao Hu, Haiping Yang, Shuhang Yan, Yingquan Chen, Xianhua Wang, Hanping Chen
Summary: Novel biochar-based nanocatalysts loaded with Ni/Ca/Fe nanoparticles were prepared by one-step impregnation method for catalytic steam gasification of biomass, which showed improved tar elimination and syngas production. The evenly distributed metal particles with a particle size of less than 20 nm were found to significantly increase H2 yield and tar conversion. Fe-loaded biochar exhibited the best catalytic gasification performance, with 87% tar conversion and 42.46 mmol/g H2 production, indicating its promising potential for hydrogen-rich syngas production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qiang Hu, Xin He, Zhiyi Yao, Yanjun Dai, Chi-Hwa Wang
Summary: This study investigates the isothermal chemical conversion of biomass pellets under different atmospheres and temperatures, revealing the effects on gas production, solid yield, and product structure.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2021)
Review
Chemistry, Physical
Ye Shui Zhang, Hua Lun Zhu, Dingding Yao, Paul T. Williams, Chunfei Wu, Dan Xu, Qiang Hu, George Manos, Lu Yu, Ming Zhao, Paul R. Shearing, Dan J. L. Brett
Summary: Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options, and producing CNTs from waste materials can solve waste management issues and reduce production costs. The review focuses on four common waste carbonaceous materials with potential for CNT production. Additionally, discussions on catalyst development, research studies on CNT and hydrogen production, and applications of CNTs have been highlighted in the review.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pengcheng Zhao, Jingang Wang, Liming Sun, Yun Li, Haiting Xia, Wei He
Summary: The production of green hydrogen through water electrolysis is crucial for renewable energy utilization and decarbonization. This research explores the optimal electrode configuration and system design of compactly-assembled industrial electrolyzer. The findings provide valuable insights for industrial application of water electrolysis equipment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
V. Baiju, P. Abhishek, S. Harikrishnan
Summary: Thermally driven adsorption desalination systems (ADS) have gained attention as an eco-friendly solution for water scarcity. However, they face challenges related to low water productivity and scalability. To overcome these challenges, integrating ADS with other desalination technologies can create a small-scale hybrid system. This study proposes integrating ADS with a Thermo Electric Dehumidification (TED) unit to enhance its performance.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
C. X. He, Y. H. Liu, X. Y. Huang, S. B. Wan, Q. Chen, J. Sun, T. S. Zhao
Summary: A decentralized centroid multi-path RC network model is constructed to improve the temperature prediction accuracy compared to traditional RC models. By incorporating multiple heat flow paths and decentralizing thermal capacity, a more accurate prediction is achieved.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chaoying Li, Meng Wang, Nana Li, Di Gu, Chao Yan, Dandan Yuan, Hong Jiang, Baohui Wang, Xirui Wang
Summary: There is an urgent need to shift away from heavy dependence on fossil fuels and embrace renewable energy sources, particularly in the energy-intensive oil refining process. This study presents an innovative concept called the Solar Oil Refinery, which applies solar energy in oil refining. A solar multi-energies-driven hybrid chemical oil refining system that utilizes solar pyrolysis and electrolysis has been developed, significantly improving solar utilization efficiency, cracking rate, and hydrogen yield.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Chao Ma, Guanghui Wang, Dingbiao Wang, Xu Peng, Yushen Yang, Xinxin Liu, Chongrui Yang, Jiaheng Chen
Summary: This study proposes a bio-inspired fish-tail wind rotor to improve the wind power efficiency of the traditional Savonius rotor. Through transient simulations and orthogonal experiments, the key factors affecting the performance are identified. A response surface model is constructed to optimize the power coefficient, resulting in an improvement of 9.4% and 6.6% compared to the Savonius rotor.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sina Bahmanziari, Abbas-Ali Zamani
Summary: This paper proposes a new framework for improving electrical energy harvesting from piezoelectric smart tiles through a combination of magnetic plucking, mechanical impact, and mechanical vibration force mechanisms. Experimental results demonstrate a significant increase in energy yield and average energy harvesting time compared to other mechanisms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Nanjiang Dong, Tao Zhang, Rui Wang
Summary: This study establishes a multiobjective mixed-variable configuration optimization model for a comprehensive combined cooling, heating, and power energy system, and proposes an efficient generating operator to optimize this model. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than other state-of-the-art algorithms.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahmed E. Mansy, Eman A. El Desouky, Tarek H. Taha, M. A. Abu-Saied, Hamada El-Gendi, Ranya A. Amer, Zhen-Yu Tian
Summary: This study aims to convert office paper waste into bioethanol through a sustainable pathway. The results show that physiochemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of the waste can yield a high glucose concentration. The optimal conditions were determined using the Box-Behnken design, and a blended membrane was used for ethanol purification.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sven Klute, Marcus Budt, Mathias van Beek, Christian Doetsch
Summary: Heat pumps are crucial for decarbonizing heat supply, and steam generating heat pumps have the potential to decarbonize the industrial sector. This paper presents the current state, technical and economic data, and modeling principles of steam generating heat pumps.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Le Zhang, To-Hung Tsui, Yen Wah Tong, Pruk Aggarangsi, Ronghou Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effectiveness of a current-carrying-coil-based magnetic field in promoting anaerobic digestion of chicken manure. The results show that the applied magnetic field increases methane yield, decreases carbon dioxide production, and reduces the concentration of ammonia nitrogen. Microbial community analysis reveals the enrichment of certain methanogenic genera and enhanced metabolic pathways. Pilot-scale experiments confirm the technical effectiveness of the magnetic field assistance in enhancing anaerobic digestion of chicken manure.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Bo Chen, Ruiqing Ma, Yang Zhou, Rui Ma, Wentao Jiang, Fan Yang
Summary: This paper presents an advanced energy management strategy for fuel cell hybrid electric heavy-duty vehicles, focusing on speed planning and energy allocation. By utilizing predictive co-optimization control, this strategy ensures safe inter-vehicle distance and minimizes energy demand. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in reducing fuel cell degradation cost and overall operation cost.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Fabio Fatigati, Roberto Cipollone
Summary: Organic Rankine Cycle-based microcogeneration systems that use solar sources to generate electricity and hot water can help reduce CO2 emissions in residential energy-intensive sectors. The adoption of a recuperative heat exchanger in these systems improves efficiency, reduces thermal power requirements, and saves on electricity costs.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lipeng He, Renwen Liu, Xuejin Liu, Xiaotian Zheng, Limin Zhang, Jieqiong Lin
Summary: This research proposes a piezoelectric-electromagnetic hybrid energy harvester (PEHEH) for low-frequency wave motion and self-sensing wave environment monitoring. The PEHEH shows promising power output and the ability to self-power and self-sense the wave environment.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Shangling Chu, Yang Liu, Zipeng Xu, Heng Zhang, Haiping Chen, Dan Gao
Summary: This paper studies a distributed energy system integrated with solar and natural gas, analyzes the impact of different parameters on its energy utilization and emissions reduction, and obtains the optimal solution through an optimization algorithm. The results show that compared to traditional separation production systems, this integrated system achieves higher energy utilization and greater reduction in carbon emissions.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qingpu Li, Yaqi Ding, Guangming Chen, Yongmei Xuan, Neng Gao, Nian Li, Xinyue Hao
Summary: This paper proposes and studies a piston-type thermally-driven pump with a structure similar to a linear compressor, aiming to eliminate the high-quality energy consumption of existing pumps and replace mechanical pumps. The coupling mechanism of working fluid flow and element dimension is analyzed based on force analysis, and experimental data analysis is used to determine the pump operation stroke. Theoretical simulation is conducted to analyze the correlation mechanism of the piston assembly. The research shows that the thermally-driven pump can greatly reduce power consumption and has potential for industrial applications.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2024)
