Journal
ECOLOGY LETTERS
Volume 21, Issue 5, Pages 724-733Publisher
WILEY
DOI: 10.1111/ele.12940
Keywords
Adaptation; Asteraceae; bet-hedging; demography; herbivory; latitudinal gradient; Ophioglossaceae; Orchidaceae; stress
Categories
Funding
- JSPS [16K07503]
- Estonian Ministry of Education and Research [IUT21-1]
- National Science Foundation [DEB1347843, DEB0812717, DEB0233899, DEB98-15370]
- National Science Centre (Poland) [2015/18/A/NZ8/00149]
- Fondation de France
- US Forest Service
- West Virginia Wesleyan College
- U.S. National Park Service
- Smithsonian Institution
- U.S. Army
- National Science Center (Poland) [2015/18/A/NZ8/00149]
- Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research [16K07503] Funding Source: KAKEN
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Vegetative dormancy, that is the temporary absence of aboveground growth for 1year, is paradoxical, because plants cannot photosynthesise or flower during dormant periods. We test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses for its widespread persistence. We show that dormancy has evolved numerous times. Most species displaying dormancy exhibit life-history costs of sprouting, and of dormancy. Short-lived and mycoheterotrophic species have higher proportions of dormant plants than long-lived species and species with other nutritional modes. Foliage loss is associated with higher future dormancy levels, suggesting that carbon limitation promotes dormancy. Maximum dormancy duration is shorter under higher precipitation and at higher latitudes, the latter suggesting an important role for competition or herbivory. Study length affects estimates of some demographic parameters. Our results identify life historical and environmental drivers of dormancy. We also highlight the evolutionary importance of the little understood costs of sprouting and growth, latitudinal stress gradients and mixed nutritional modes.
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