Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Ke Li, Miao-Deng Liu, Qian-Xiao Huang, Chuan-Jun Liu, Xian-Zheng Zhang
Summary: A nanoplatform with upconversion nanoparticles and a molecular switch was designed for remote control of enzymatic reactions using near-infrared irradiation. The platform allows precise regulation of enzyme-substrate contact, achieving temporal and spatial control of enzyme reactions.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Feng Li, Can Cuhadar, Zilong Zhang, Shanay Jindal, Zehan Huang, Ni Zhang, Hoi Nok Tsao, Peng Gao
Summary: Power sources that can be charged anytime and anywhere are highly desirable for mobile devices. In this work, we propose the use of a photocapacitor as a wireless charging device, which harnesses light as a renewable energy source. To ensure uninterrupted operation, these photocapacitors can be charged using day or room light, as well as near-IR radiation. By utilizing isoindigo-based D-pi-A photoactive dyes, we demonstrate high photovoltages, area-specific capacitances, and charge-discharge stability in these photocapacitors.
CHEMISTRY-AN ASIAN JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Jianxun Lin, Hao Ma, Zhonghui Wang, Shenglin Zhou, Bin Yan, Feng Shi, Qiang Yan, Jiliang Wang, Haojun Fan, Jun Xiang
Summary: By leveraging the absorption-emission spectral matching between donor-acceptor Stenhouse adducts (DASA) PP and UCNPs in the green region, the designed nanovector is capable of releasing cargos at low-power laser excitation, thus avoiding photodamage.
MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xinyu Yang, Chunbin Li, Lingxiu Liu, Hongge Zhang, Hai-Tao Feng, Yongdong Li, Guoyu Jiang, Jianguo Wang
Summary: In this article, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging agents were synthesized using aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). The AIEgens exhibited good photophysical properties and cell imaging ability, suggesting great potential for future biomedical applications.
NEW JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kai Zhang, Fei Yang, Yuchen Zhang, Yuying Ma, Jianzhong Fan, Jian Fan, Chuan-Kui Wang, Lili Lin
Summary: This study aims to provide theoretical guidance and experimental verification for highly efficient NIR-TADF molecular design. Through theoretical design and study of 44 acceptors, as well as experimental confirmation of the high fluorescence efficiency NIR-TADF molecule DA-3.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Xinxin Wang, Wenyuan Zhou, Rou Xu, Yiping Xu, Hui Song, Hongyi Li, Jinshu Wang
Summary: Design and synthesis of dipeptides containing different chromophores have led to the preparation of a co-selfassembled peptide hydrogel for artificial light-harvesting systems. The photophysical properties and assembly behavior of these dipeptide-chromophore conjugates in solution and hydrogel were systematically studied. Effective energy transfer between donor and acceptor in the hydrogel system was achieved due to the three-dimensional (3-D) self-assembly feature.
JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sinuo Geng, Zhangshan Liu, Huihui Li, Ziting Zhong, Xin Jiang Feng, Zujin Zhao, Hua Lu
Summary: To achieve high-performance NUV OLEDs, stable and fluorescent emitters with good triplet utility are necessary. Unfortunately, the conflicting requirements of a wide bandgap and strong luminescence make it challenging to create such molecules. However, this study proposes a new strategy to achieve high-performance NUV OLEDs by incorporating donor-acceptor moieties linked by a rigid sp(3) carbon atom, resulting in excellent NUV luminescence and stability.
ADVANCED OPTICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Baoling Li, Yabing Gan, Ke Yang, E. Pang, Xiaojie Ren, Shaojing Zhao, Dan He, Fuwen Zhao, Benhua Wang, Peng Yin, Xiangzhi Song, Minhuan Lan
Summary: This study designed and synthesized a molecular structure for multidimensional imaging-guided photodynamic/photothermal therapy. The resultant nanoparticle possesses NIR absorption, photoacoustic imaging, NIR-II fluorescence imaging capabilities, as well as the ability to generate singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radicals, and heat simultaneously.
SCIENCE CHINA-MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Daqing Fang, Xidan Wen, Yuqi Wang, Yidan Sun, Ruibing An, Yu Zhou, Deju Ye, Hong Liu
Summary: This study reports the design and engineering of nine donor-acceptor-donor molecules as off-on near-infrared fluorescent probes for in vivo imaging of both soluble and insoluble A beta species in living AD mice owing to its improved in vitro properties and in vivo performance. The results demonstrate that probe 9 has the potential for longitudinal NIR fluorescence imaging of soluble and insoluble A beta species in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice, which may act as a useful tool for early diagnosis and intervention of AD.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Minjung Son, Zachary T. Armstrong, Ryan T. Allen, Abitha Dhavamani, Michael S. Arnold, Martin T. Zanni
Summary: This study investigates the photophysical mechanism of polariton-assisted long-range energy transfer in carbon nanotubes using two-dimensional white-light spectroscopy and quantum calculations. The results reveal that energy cascades down a manifold of new electronic states created by intermolecular coupling and the two distinct bandgaps of the donor and acceptor, leading to long-range energy transfer. The findings expand the understanding of energy transfer dynamics in exciton-polariton systems and highlight the beneficial role of moderately-coupled cavities in long-range energy transfer.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Caleb R. Hoopes, Francisco J. Garcia, Akash M. Sarkar, Nicholas J. Kuehl, David T. Barkan, Nicole L. Collins, Glenna E. Meister, Taylor R. Bramhall, Chien-Hsiang Hsu, Michael D. Jones, Markus Schirle, Michael T. Taylor
Summary: This study presents a covalent modification method for tryptophan using photo-induced electron transfer, which is suitable for both individual protein modification and in situ analysis. The method allows efficient reactivity with surface-exposed tryptophan residues and can transfer useful functional groups to proteins.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Yichen Wang, Lu Wang, Zhaosu Liu, Enyi Ye, Jia Hong Pan, Guijian Guan, Zibiao Li
Summary: High efficiency solar light use in photocatalysis is a promising solution to environmental problems and energy crises. However, utilizing the near infrared portion as photocatalytic power has been challenging. Recently, emerging NIR-harvesting nanosystems have been developed to degrade organic contaminants and reduce CO2 into fuel species. Creating nano-structured materials and enhancing the photocatalytic process have advanced the utilization of NIR light.
APPLIED CATALYSIS A-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Archana Puthanveedu, Shanmugasundaram Kanagaraj, Amutha Anjali Bai, Sunesh Chozhidakath Damodharan, Youngson Choe
Summary: Solid-state LEC is advantageous due to its simple structure, easy fabrication process, and compatibility with air-stable electrodes. In this design strategy, an electron-rich triphe-nylamine was combined with thenil imidazole and phenanthroimidazole to construct an active material for non-doped LECs. The findings showed the potential of LECs as low-cost light sources with bright blue emissions.
ORGANIC ELECTRONICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lixuan Liu, Yang Yang, Lingyun Zhu, Jianqi Zhang, Kun Chen, Zhixiang Wei
Summary: This study presents the successful development of high-performing direct near-infrared circularly polarized light photodetectors with high dissymmetry factor, responsivity, detectivity, and response speed. Introducing supramolecular chirality achieved an optimal balance between optoelectronic performance and chiroptical properties, enabling the photodetector to exhibit excellent performance in the NIR region.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Linlin Zhao, Meijia Chang, Zheng He, Yunying Zhao, Jing Wang, Yan Lu
Summary: Phototherapy is gaining attention as a noninvasive and effective treatment for tumors, with potential for better efficacy and fewer side effects through the combination of photothermal and photodynamic therapy under single near-infrared light. In this study, a photoactive acceptor-donor-acceptor-type conjugated oligomer (UF-TTOEH-2Cl) was developed and used to fabricate a NIR light-responsive nanoplatform (UTNPs). The UTNPs showed high photothermal conversion efficiency and singlet oxygen quantum yield under 880 nm laser irradiation, enabling efficient PDT/PTT combination therapy of tumors in vitro using HeLa and SiHa cells as models.
ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Organic
Qian Li, Chady Moussallem, Frederic Castet, Luca Muccioli, Marie-Anne Dourges, Thierry Toupance, Yohann Nicolas
Summary: A new synthetic strategy was developed to synthesize star-shaped triazatrinaphthylene and triazatrianthrylene derivatives for the first time. Their solution and solid-state properties were thoroughly characterized, revealing original hexagonal molecular arrangements in the crystal phase, which opens up potential for designing materials with enhanced three-dimensional charge-transport properties.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Rosemary R. Cranston, Benjamin King, Chloe Dindault, Trevor M. Grant, Nicole A. Rice, Claire Tonnele, Luca Muccioli, Frederic Castet, Sufal Swaraj, Benoit H. Lessard
Summary: This study investigated the charge transport properties of (3PS)(2)-SiPc and its polymorphic forms in n-type OTFTs fabricated by different methods. The results demonstrated consistent charge transport properties of (3PS)(2)-SiPc OTFTs achieved under different fabrication conditions, indicating the processing versatility of this material.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pierre Beaujean, Lionel Sanguinet, Vincent Rodriguez, Frederic Castet, Benoit Champagne
Summary: This study employs quantum chemistry methods to describe the variations of second nonlinear optical responses of molecular switches based on benzazolo-oxazolidine (BOX) units. Opening one BOX can enhance beta and set the depolarization ratio to a one-dimensional value. The effects of subsequent BOX openings differ.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Morgane Rosendale, Jonathan Daniel, Frederic Castet, Paolo Pagano, Jean-Baptiste Verlhac, Mireille Blanchard-Desce
Summary: The study explores the relationship between dye structure and FONs 2P absorption response, fluorescence, and stealthiness. It shows that increasing the strength of the donor end-groups or core acceptor in the quadrupolar dye structure can tune optical properties, red-shift emission, and 2P absorption spectra while decreasing fluorescence quantum yield. The FONs exhibit non-toxicity, stealth behavior, and minimal non-specific interactions with cell membranes, attributed to their hydrophobic character and rigidity.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wissem Khelifi, Hussein Awada, Sylvie Blanc, Gilles Henri Roche, Lionel Hirsch, Bassey Oboho, Frederic Castet, Antoine Bousquet, Christine Lartigau-Dagron
Summary: A series of acceptor-acceptor (A-A') alternated copolymers based on dithienodiketopyrrolo pyrrole were synthesized and their optoelectronic and thermal properties were described. One of the copolymers showed broad absorption in the visible and near infra-red regions. Compared to analogous donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, the A-A' copolymers had the same bandgap but lowered HOMO and LUMO levels.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Claire Tonnele, Manon Catherin, Michel Giorgi, Gabriel Canard, David Casanova, Frederic Castet, Elena Zaborova, Frederic Fages
Summary: This study describes the synthesis and spectroscopic study of a bichromophoric molecule, DA-meso. It was found that the molecule could self-assemble in solution and exhibit significant changes in its optical properties. Experimental and theoretical analysis showed that DA-meso formed a dimer composed of four BF2-curcuminoid units. The spectral features of the DA-meso dimer were rationalized by considering the formation of a non-fluorescent J-aggregate.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Charlotte Bouquiaux, Frederic Castet, Benoit Champagne
Summary: The extensive collection of lipids found in cell membranes plays a significant role in the overall structure, dynamics, and properties of the membranes, as well as the biological processes occurring within them. This study focuses on investigating a range of saturated glycerophospholipids with varying headgroup structures using second harmonic generation (SHG) nonlinear optical (NLO) response analysis. The research reveals that the lipidic arrangement is strongly influenced by the hydrophilic head, while the hydrophobic region has less impact. Moreover, the computational approach provides insights into the relationship between lipid building blocks and the NLO responses of the embedded dye.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Francis Feaugas, Tommaso Nicolini, Gilles H. Roche, Lionel Hirsch, Olivier J. Dautel, Guillaume Wantz
Summary: This study reports a new hole transporting layer for polymer solar cells, which is based on the same polymer as the one used in the bulk heterojunction and forms a homojunction by doping. Through optimization of the doping concentration, the resulting solar cells exhibit comparable power conversion efficiency to the widely used PEDOT:PSS and improved stability. This strategy provides a new direction for the development of deep-lying work function hole transporting layers and future BHJ materials.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Carmelo Naim, Pau Besalu-Sala, Robert Zalesny, Josep M. Luis, Frederic Castet, Eduard Matito
Summary: The design and optimization of organic-based electro-optic devices are difficult due to their nonlinear optical responses, which are challenging to model. Computational chemistry provides tools to investigate a large number of molecules in search of target compounds. Density functional approximations (DFAs) are commonly used for calculating static nonlinear optical properties (SNLOPs), but their accuracy depends on the amount of exact exchange and electron correlation included, making it unreliable for many molecular systems.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THEORY AND COMPUTATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Victor Dubois, Maxime Klausen, Frederic Castet, Jean-Baptiste Verlhac, Mireille Blanchard-Desce
Summary: A series of symmetrical conjugated dimeric coumarinyl cages was synthesized by grafting 7-diethlyamino-coumarin (DEAC) cages onto different aromatic cores with various electronic characters. These dimeric derivatives showed enhanced two-photon absorption, with the highest response obtained from the electron-withdrawing core. The nature of the core also influenced the uncaging quantum yield, with the carbazole core showing the highest yield.
JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY A-CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Simon Dubuis, Angela Dellai, Chloe Courdurie, Josianne Owona, Apostolos Kalafatis, Luc Vellutini, Emilie Genin, Vincent Rodriguez, Frederic Castet
Summary: This study combines HRS experiments and quantum chemical calculations to provide a comprehensive description of the SHG responses of DASAs. The experimental results show that derivatives incorporating a barbituric acid or an indanedione acceptor unit and N-methylaniline donor group exhibit the largest SHG responses. The calculations support the experimental data and reveal the relationship between hyperpolarizabilities, excitation energies, and charge transfer.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Komlanvi Sevi Kaka, Pierre Beaujean, Frederic Castet, Benoit Champagne
Summary: Recent measurements of the third harmonic scattering responses of molecules have provided new insights into computing molecular second hyperpolarizabilities (gamma) and deducing structure-property relationships. This paper evaluates the second hyperpolarizability of the pi-nitroaniline molecule using various wavefunction and density functional theory methods. The results show that the MP2 scheme offers the best accuracy/cost ratio for computing static gamma, while density functional theory methods still face challenges in accurately computing gamma. Additionally, the double-hybrid B2-PLYP functional provides accurate estimates of static gamma values.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Carmelo Naim, Raphael Vangheluwe, Isabelle Ledoux-Rak, Benoit Champagne, Claire Tonnele, Mireille Blanchard-Desce, Eduard Matito, Frederic Castet
Summary: The second-order nonlinear optical properties of four series of amphiphilic cationic chromophores have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The theoretical methodology combining classical molecular dynamics and quantum chemical calculations provides a rational approach for designing SHG dyes based on EFISH measurements. The good agreement between experimental and theoretical results demonstrates the usefulness of this MD + QM scheme.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Charlotte Bouquiaux, Pierre Beaujean, Tarcius N. Ramos, Frederic Castet, Vincent Rodriguez, Benoit Champagne
Summary: The solvent effects on the optical properties of an ANEP dye were studied using experimental and theoretical methods. Experimental measurements showed a decrease in the hyperpolarizablity of the dye in polar solvents, which was confirmed by theoretical calculations using different solvation models.
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Angela Dellai, Chloe Courdurie, Simon Dubuis, Komlanvi Sevi Kaka, Benoit Champagne, Luc Vellutini, Emilie Genin, Vincent Rodriguez, Frederic Castet
Summary: The optical properties of clickable azobenzene derivatives were investigated experimentally and theoretically. It was found that the second harmonic generation intensity during the photo-isomerization process can be tuned by varying the nature of the peripheral substituents.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Leping Chen, Yanfen Wang, Tingyu Shi, Tiantian Ma, Yang Li, Huayu Qiu, Shouchun Yin, Meier Gu
Summary: This study successfully overcame the limitations of the heavy atom effect by introducing iodine atoms and innovatively enhancing the structure while weakening stacking behavior, achieving high efficiency and precision in photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Bingpeng Guo, Honghan Sa, Peng Zhang, Guiwen Hao, Mengyu Li, Qingqing Jiang, Baoying Li, Wei Shu, Changxiang Shao
Summary: The design of ratiometric fluorescence probes with large Stokes shift is of great significance in detecting and imaging target substances in complex organisms. In this study, a novel fluorophore with a large Stokes shift was easily obtained, and a fluorescence probe based on it demonstrated rapid response, high selectivity, and sensitivity towards peroxynitrite. The probe also showed excellent biocompatibility and remarkable mitochondrial targeting ability, making it suitable for proportional imaging of peroxynitrite in living cells and zebrafish.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Haidong Huang, Xiaohui Wang, Xinyang Li, Yichen Li, Guojin Liu, Lan Zhou, Jianzhong Shao
Summary: This article introduces the application of responsive photonic crystals in anti-counterfeiting technology, with a focus on the preparation principle, classification, and preparation methods.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yunpeng Wang, Tao Zhao, Xiaoye Bi, Chencheng Lv
Summary: In this study, three novel carbene dyes were designed to achieve environmentally friendly dyeing processes. The dyes formed covalent bonds with fibers and exhibited good dyeing performance and high color fastness. These findings highlight the potential of the novel carbene dyes in promoting green production in the textile industry.
Review
Chemistry, Applied
Yizhe Yan, Xiaopei Zhu, Jia-Xin Cao, Yuan He, Shaoqing Li, Jian-Yong Wang
Summary: In this paper, 1,3,5-triazine dyes were successfully synthesized and their photophysical properties were studied. Two probes were selected for further investigation, showing promising applications in various fields.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Xin Hu, Tongsheng Huang, Lihua Chen, Weifeng Zhu, Fengjie Deng, Xiancai Li, Jianwen Tian, Meiying Liu, Xiaoyong Zhang, Yen Wei
Summary: This study presents the synthesis of fluorescent cyclomatrix polyphosphazene spheres with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) feature and biodegradable potential for controlled drug delivery. The resulting micelles exhibit high water dispersibility, desirable fluorescence performance, and high drug loading capacity. They can effectively release the encapsulated drug in physiological solution and show excellent biological imaging ability and cytotoxicity against cancer cells.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Yanzhu Liu, Yanghui Lei, Dongyan Li, Guangkui Li, Dongping Li, Yongxiu Li
Summary: In this study, luminescent lanthanide nanoparticles were synthesized as a dual emission turn-off probe for detecting 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (DPA) in water. The nanoparticles showed good dispersion and water stability, and achieved low detection limits for DPA. They also exhibited high recoveries in various samples.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jung Jae Do, Jong Ryeol Kwon, Donghan Kim, Jae Woong Jung
Summary: This study presents a defect passivation approach using coumarin dye as a multi-functional passivating agent of perovskite films to boost power conversion efficiency and operating stability of PSCs. The incorporation of coumarin dye improves the film morphology, enhances carrier extraction/transport, and suppresses trap-assisted recombination in the perovskite films. The optimized device demonstrates impressive reliability and practical applicability, maintaining over 90% of its initial PCE after being exposed to continuous indoor lighting irradiation for 2000 hours.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Gang Wang, Yu-Chang Wang, Jing Lu, Wen-Fu Yan, Juan Jin, Yuan-Peng Wang, Jia-Jia Zhang, Hui-Jie Zhang, Hao Dong, Xi-Guang Liu
Summary: A new Ni(II) compound with good solid-state fluorescence performance and stability was synthesized, and it showed outstanding detection properties for various substances in aqueous solutions. This compound has the potential to be a multifunctional sensor.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Luyao Wei, Shenglong Shang, Yu Zheng, Jie Liu, Ping Zhu
Summary: This study developed a facile method to create high saturation and durable structural colors on cotton fabrics. The colors are regulated by adjusting the size of magnetic particles and can be conveniently printed on fabrics using photo masks on transparent films.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhao Jiang, Qing Zhang, Zhaoyu Kong, Ruijie Qiao, Zichuan Liu, Linzhou Song, Senqiang Zhu, Rui Liu, Hongjun Zhu
Summary: Three heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes with different electron-donating aryl groups were synthesized and their optical properties were investigated. It was found that all three complexes exhibited aggregation-induced phosphorescence emission (AIPE) behaviors, and the relationship between the size of organic ligands and AIPE behaviors was characterized. Ir-PhCz showed the best imaging of latent fingerprints due to its green light emission and high quantum yield.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhijun Ruan, Chunxia Fan, Xuanrong Wang, Dong Shao, Xiaodong Yang, Wentao He, Tao Xu, Junqi Lin, Zhengfang Tian
Summary: A novel thioketal-based probe has been designed for rapid and accurate detection of mercury (II) ions, showing different fluorescence characteristics in various states. The probe exhibits excellent selectivity and specificity, making it suitable for Hg2+ detection in water solutions.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Jianjun Huang, Xuan Zhao, Daniel Escudero, Luc Van Meervelt, Dongbin Zheng, Yuyu Fang, Wim Dehaen
Summary: A series of BOAHY compounds were successfully synthesized and showed versatile applications as a platform for designing novel fluorescent probes, especially in selective recognition.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Roman V. Larkovich, Victoria E. Shambalova, Savva A. Ponomarev, Alexander S. Aldoshin, Boris N. Tarasevich, Konstantin A. Lyssenko, Valentine G. Nenajdenko
Summary: An efficient synthetic protocol for the preparation of novel 1,7-difluorinated BODIPYs was elaborated. Their photophysical properties were studied and the effect of 2,6-substituents was evaluated using DFT calculations.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Haneul Kim, Byungjin Koo
Summary: In this study, a lithium ion sensing methodology based on fluorinated naphthalene compounds using 19F NMR and UV-vis spectroscopy is reported. The binding of lithium ions to the compounds is confirmed by changes in chemical shifts and peak broadening. Additionally, the effect of different crown ether ring sizes on the binding ability is observed. This study provides a new method for lithium ion sensing using spectroscopy.
