Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Milton Packer, Javed Butler, Faiez Zannad, Gerasimos Filippatos, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J. Pocock, Peter Carson, Inder Anand, Wolfram Doehner, Markus Haass, Michel Komajda, Alan Miller, Steen Pehrson, John R. Teerlink, Sven Schnaidt, Cordula Zeller, Janet M. Schnee, Stefan D. Anker
Summary: Empagliflozin significantly reduced the risk of heart failure-related inpatient and outpatient events in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, including cardiovascular death, heart failure hospitalization, and urgent visits, while also decreasing total heart failure hospitalizations and intensive care admissions. Patients receiving empagliflozin may experience improved New York Heart Association functional class levels.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Milton Packer, Stefan D. Anker, Javed Butler, Gerasimos Filippatos, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Stuart J. Pocock, Peter Carson, Inder Anand, Wolfram Doehner, Markus Haass, Michel Komajda, Alan Miller, Steen Pehrson, John R. Teerlink, Martina Brueckmann, Waheed Jamal, Cordula Zeller, Sven Schnaidt, Faiez Zannad
Summary: Empagliflozin reduces the risk and total number of worsening heart failure events in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction, with benefits seen early after treatment initiation and sustained throughout the therapy.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kamlesh Khunti, Serge Jabbour, Xavier Cos, Sunder Mudaliar, Christian Mende, Marc Bonaca, Paola Fioretto
Summary: Recent studies have shown the benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors in T2D patients, particularly in cardiovascular and renal protection, however uptake rates remain low due to safety concerns, cost, and lack of understanding among clinicians. Modifying guidelines and increasing education for both patients and clinicians may help increase uptake of these drugs.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kim A. Connelly, C. David Mazer, Pankaj Puar, Hwee Teoh, Chao-Hung Wang, Tamique Mason, Farhad Akhavein, Ching-Wen Chang, Min-Hui Liu, Ning- Yang, Wei-Siang Chen, Yu-Hsiang Juan, Erika Opingari, Yaseen Salyani, William Barbour, Aryan Pasricha, Shamon Ahmed, Andrew Kosmopoulos, Raj Verma, Michael Moroney, Ehab Bakbak, Aishwarya Krishnaraj, Deepak L. Bhatt, Javed Butler, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Carolyn S. P. Lam, David A. Hess, Otavio Rizzi Coelho-Filho, Myriam Lafreniere-Roula, Kevin E. Thorpe, Adrian Quan, Lawrence A. Leiter, Andrew T. Yan, Subodh Verma
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on left ventricular mass in individuals without diabetes or significant heart failure. The results showed that after 6 months of treatment with empagliflozin, there was no significant reduction in left ventricular mass index. The findings suggest that empagliflozin may not have meaningful benefits on cardiac remodeling in this population.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Muthiah Vaduganathan, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Naveed Sattar, David H. Fitchett, Anne Pernille Ofstad, Martina Brueckmann, Jyothis T. George, Subodh Verma, Michaela Mattheus, Christoph Wanner, Bernard Zinman, Javed Butler
Summary: Empagliflozin delays insulin initiation and reduces the need for substantial increases in insulin dose in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, while also facilitating sustained reductions in insulin requirements over time.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Seung Eun Lee, Hyewon Nam, Han Seok Choi, Hoseob Kim, Dae-Sung Kyoung, Kyoung-Ah Kim
Summary: Comparison between SGLT-2i and TZD in T2DM patients showed comparable risk of stroke, but a significant decrease in hospitalization for heart failure in the SGLT-2i-treated group.
DIABETES & METABOLISM JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daria M. Keller, Natasha Ahmed, Hamza Tariq, Malsha Walgamage, Thilini Walgamage, Azad Mohammed, Jadzia Tin-Tsen Chou, Marta Kaluzna-Oleksy, Maciej Lesiak, Ewa Straburzynska-Migaj
Summary: SGLT2 inhibitors not only show excellent performance in improving glycemic control, but also have a positive impact on cardiovascular and renal outcomes. New guidelines recommend SGLT2 inhibitors as first-line treatment for heart failure patients, bringing new hope for the treatment of heart failure patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Senthil Selvaraj, Zhuxuan Fu, Philip Jones, Lydia C. Kwee, Sheryl L. Windsor, Olga Ilkayeva, Christopher B. Newgard, Kenneth B. Margulies, Mansoor Husain, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Darren K. McGuire, Bertram Pitt, Benjamin M. Scirica, David E. Lanfear, Michael E. Nassif, Ali Javaheri, Robert J. Mentz, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Svati H. Shah
Summary: This study explored the effects of dapagliflozin on metabolic pathways in HFrEF patients, showing an increase in ketone-related and fatty acid metabolite clusters. It also identified metabolic biomarkers associated with adverse HFrEF outcomes, suggesting a potential role for altered ketone and fatty acid biology with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Xiaowen Wang, Muthiah Vaduganathan, Brian L. Claggett, Sheila M. Hegde, Maria Pabon, Ian J. Kulac, Orly Vardeny, Eileen O'Meara, Shelley Zieroth, Tzvetana Katova, Martina M. McGrath, Anne-Catherine Pouleur, Pardeep S. Jhund, Akshay S. Desai, Silvio E. Inzucchi, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Rudolf A. de Boer, Lars Kober, Marc S. Sabatine, Felipe A. Martinez, Piotr Ponikowski, Sanjiv J. Shah, Adrian F. Hernandez, Anna Maria Langkilde, John J. McMurray, Scott D. Solomon, Carolyn S. P. Lam
Summary: This study analyzed the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure, and assessed the impact of sex on their effectiveness and safety. The study found that, after adjusting for baseline differences, women had fewer cardiovascular and all-cause deaths, as well as lower rates of HF hospitalizations and total events, compared to men. There were no sex-related differences in adverse events or drug discontinuation. Therefore, sex does not modify the treatment effect of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Bo Liang, Ning Gu
Summary: The 2022 AHA/ACC/HFSA guideline for heart failure management recommends the use of sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitors in patients with heart failure and type 2 diabetes to manage hyperglycemia and reduce heart failure-related morbidity and mortality. However, it should be noted that this recommendation is based on specific trials and does not include recently published studies.
CARDIOVASCULAR DIABETOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Louise E. Bechmann, Frida Emanuelsson, Borge G. Nordestgaard, Marianne Benn
Summary: A functional genetic variant in SLC5A2, mimicking SGLT2-inhibition, was associated with a lower risk of heart failure, myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, and all-cause mortality. However, the effects were minimally mediated through lower plasma glucose.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
David D. Berg, Kieran F. Docherty, Naveed Sattar, Petr Jarolim, Paul Welsh, Pardeep S. Jhund, Inder S. Anand, Vijay Chopra, Rudolf A. de Boer, Mikhail N. Kosiborod, Jose C. Nicolau, Eileen O'Meara, Morten Schou, Ann Hammarstedt, Anna-Maria Langkilde, Daniel Lindholm, Mikaela Sjostrand, John J. V. McMurray, Marc S. Sabatine, David A. Morrow
Summary: Baseline high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T levels and increase in hsTnT over 1 year are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Dapagliflozin consistently reduces the primary endpoint risk, regardless of baseline hsTnT levels.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Milton Packer, Javed Butler, Cordula Zeller, Stuart J. Pocock, Martina Brueckmann, Joao Pedro Ferreira, Gerasimos Filippatos, Muhammad Shariq Usman, Faiez Zannad, Stefan D. Anker
Summary: In patients with heart failure, Empagliflozin treatment showed persistent benefits even after years of therapy but rapidly dissipated after drug withdrawal. Physiological and laboratory changes observed after withdrawal were opposite to the effects seen at the start of the trials, suggesting a reversibility of the drug's actions.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daobo Li, Yingying Liu, Tesfaldet Habtemariam Hidru, Xiaolei Yang, Yunsong Wang, Cheng Chen, Ka Hou Christien Li, Yuqi Tang, Yushan Wei, Gary Tse, Yunlong Xia
Summary: Background hyperglycemia is associated with an increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL). Some studies have reported that Sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) can prevent AF/AFL, but others haven't. A meta-analysis was conducted to investigate the association between SGLT2i use and lower risks of AF/AFL.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Akira Sezai, Atsushi Tanaka, Takumi Imai, Keisuke Kida, Hisakuni Sekino, Toyoaki Murohara, Masataka Sata, Norio Suzuki, Koichi Node
Summary: There was no significant difference in the effects of canagliflozin, relative to glimepiride, on NT-proBNP concentrations irrespective of baseline obesity. The canagliflozin group was associated with significant reduction in BMI compared to the glimepiride group.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Deepiksana Keerthy, Joht Singh Chandan, Juste Abramovaite, Krishna Margadhamane Gokhale, Siddhartha Bandyopadhyay, Ed Day, Steven Marwaha, Matthew R. Broome, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Clara Humpston
Summary: This study investigates the relationship between cannabis exposure and the risks of mental illness diagnoses or treatment and finds that cannabis exposure is associated with an increased risk of developing mental health disorders.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mingyang Yuan, Minshan Lu, Yixin Guo, Kin Bong Hubert Lam, Jinhua Lu, Jianrong He, Songying Shen, Dongmei Wei, G. Neil Thomas, Kar Keung Cheng, Xiu Qiu
Summary: Introducing infant formula at 4-6 months for full-term infants is associated with better growth and reduced risk of overweight at ages 1 and 3 years.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Tiffany E. Gooden, Jingya Wang, Dawit T. Zemedikun, Stephen Taylor, Sheila Greenfield, Semira Manaseki-Holland, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, G. Neil Thomas
Summary: This study aimed to investigate whether people living with HIV experience premature, accelerated, and/or accentuated aging. The results showed that HIV-infected individuals had an earlier onset of cardiovascular disease and hypertension compared to those without HIV (p < 0.05), but no difference was found for type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Ce Sun, Wei Sen Zhang, Chao Qiang Jiang, Ya Li Jin, Xue Qing Deng, G. Neil Thomas, Jean Woo, Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam, Lin Xu
Summary: Using data from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study, the association between whole grain and refined grain intake with all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease mortality was examined. The study found that higher whole grain intake was associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, while higher refined grain intake was associated with lower cancer mortality but higher cardiovascular disease mortality.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Lydia Wilson, Lara Gracie, Farah Kidy, G. Neil Thomas, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Sheila Greenfield, Semira Manaseki-Holland, Derek J. Ward, Tiffany E. Gooden
Summary: This study systematically reviewed the efficacy and safety of tuberculosis vaccine candidates in late-phase clinical trials conducted in low- and middle-income countries. The study found that M72/AS01 was the only vaccine candidate considered safe across diverse populations.
BMC INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Kelvin Okoth, William Parry Smith, G. Neil Thomas, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Nicola J. Adderley
Summary: Female reproductive factors, including menstrual cycle characteristics, are gaining recognition as factors associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, there is limited data on the association between menstrual cycle characteristics and CVD risk in the UK. This retrospective cohort study in the UK found that irregular or frequent/infrequent menstrual cycles were associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic outcomes in later life. Menstrual history may be a useful tool in identifying women eligible for periodic assessment of their cardiometabolic health.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Tony Bush, Suzanne Bartington, Francis D. Pope, Ajit Singh, G. Neil Thomas, Brian Stacey, George Economides, Ruth Anderson, Stuart Cole, Pedro Abreu, Felix C. P. Leach
Summary: The emergency responses to the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in significant changes in travel behaviors and economic activities, affecting urban air quality. This study utilized high-spatial resolution data from a network of low-cost air quality sensors in Oxford, UK to monitor the impacts of multiple COVID-19 public health restrictions on particulate matter concentrations. The findings demonstrated the potential of low-cost sensor technology in identifying localized changes in pollutant concentrations and highlighted the need for additional measures to reduce PM10 and PM2.5 levels in order to meet health guidelines and legislative targets.
BUILDING AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Katherine Phillips, Jonathan M. Hazlehurst, Christelle Sheppard, Srikanth Bellary, Wasim Hanif, Muhammad Ali Karamat, Francesca L. Crowe, Anna Stone, G. Neil Thomas, Javeria Peracha, Anthony Fenton, Christopher Sainsbury, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Indranil Dasgupta
Summary: This study aimed to determine differences in the management of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) relevant to patient sex, ethnicity and socio-economic group in UK primary care. The study found that a low proportion of people with DKD are managed in accordance with national guidelines, and there are differences based on gender, ethnicity, and socio-economic factors. Addressing these disparities could reduce the human and societal cost of managing DKD.
Article
Psychiatry
Jiao Wang, Wei Sen Zhang, Chao Qiang Jiang, Feng Zhu, Ya Li Jin, Graham Neil Thomas, Kar Keung Cheng, Tai Hing Lam, Lin Xu
Summary: Although social isolation has been associated with higher mortality risk, the associations of persistence of social isolation with mortality are unclear. Our study investigated the prospective associations of intermittent and persistent social isolation with all-cause and cause-specific mortality.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Kelvin Okoth, G. Neil Thomas, Krishnarajah Nirantharakumar, Nicola J. Adderley
Summary: This study investigated the incidence and prevalence of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) and estimated the risk of cardiometabolic outcomes among women with PID compared to those without PID. The results showed that women with PID had a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases compared to women without PID.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Emma Dickinson-Craig, Jargalsaikhan Badarch, Suzanne Bartington, Karla Hemming, Rasiah Thayakaran, Rosie Day, Francis Pope, Bataa Chuluunbaatar, Damdindorj Boldbaatar, Chimedsuren Ochir, David Warburton, Graham Neil Thomas, Semira Manaseki-Holland
Summary: Despite a decade of policy actions, Ulaanbaatar's residents continue to be exposed to extreme levels of air pollution, which is a major public health concern. The Mongolian government implemented a raw coal ban in May 2019 to address this issue. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the coal ban policy on air quality and maternal and child health outcomes.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Powsiga Uruthirakumar, Rajendra Surenthirakumaran, Tiffany Gooden, Gregory Y. H. Lip, G. Neil Thomas, David Moore, Krishnarajah C. Nirantharakumar, Balachandran Kumarendran, Kumaran Subaschandran, Shribavan Kaneshamoorthy, Vethanayagam Antony Sheron, Mahesan Guruparan
Summary: This systematic review aims to update the findings of a previous review conducted in 2006 and evaluate the impact of all rate and rhythm control strategies on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). By searching multiple databases and clinical trial registries, relevant randomized controlled trials will be screened, data extracted, and quality assessed. The results of this review will provide comparisons of the impact of different strategies on the QoL of AF patients and will be crucial for optimizing the overall wellbeing of these patients.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alessandra C. Goulart, Ana C. Varella, Tiffany E. Gooden, Gregory Y. H. Lip, Kate Jolly, G. Neil Thomas, Paulo A. Lotufo, Sheila Greenfield, Rodrigo D. Olmos, Isabela M. Bensenor, Semira Manaseki-Holland
Summary: In this study, we investigated the patient care pathways and drivers, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on patient pathways for atrial fibrillation in Brazil. The findings suggest that lack of public awareness and underdeveloped primary healthcare contribute to delayed diagnosis, which has negative effects on clinical outcomes and healthcare costs.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jamy Ard, Cecilie Olivia Andersen, Kasper Sommer Matthiessen, Camilla S. Morgen, Naveen Rathor, Deepak Yerragolam, Abd A. Tahrani
Summary: This study compared eligible individuals who did and did not undergo bariatric surgery, and found that those who did not undergo surgery experienced worsening health and increasing healthcare costs over 3 years, indicating a significant unmet need for clinically indicated obesity treatment.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zerin Alimajstorovic, James L. Mitchell, Andreas Yiangou, Thomas Hancox, Andrew D. Southam, Olivia Grech, Ryan Ottridge, Catherine L. Winder, Abd A. Tahrani, Tricia M. Tan, Susan P. Mollan, Warwick B. Dunn, Alexandra J. Sinclair
Summary: Weight loss in patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension leads to a reduction in intracranial pressure by altering gut neuropeptides and lipid metabolites, with increased glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion being associated with lower intracranial pressure.
BRAIN COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)