A review of GLP-1 receptor agonists: Evolution and advancement, through the lens of randomised controlled trials

Once weekly glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist albiglutide vs. prandial insulin added to basal insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results over 52 weeks

(2017) Lawrence A. Leiter et al.   JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

3 years of liraglutide versus placebo for type 2 diabetes risk reduction and weight management in individuals with prediabetes: a randomised, double-blind trial

(2017) Carel W le Roux et al.   LANCET

Effects of Once-Weekly Exenatide on Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

(2017) Rury R. Holman et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily sitagliptin as an add-on to metformin, thiazolidinediones, or both, in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 2): a 56-week, double-blind, phase 3a, randomised trial

(2017) Bo Ahrén et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide monotherapy versus placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 1): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, multinational, multicentre phase 3a trial

(2017) Christopher Sorli et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly semaglutide versus once-daily insulin glargine as add-on to metformin (with or without sulfonylureas) in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes (SUSTAIN 4): a randomised, open-label, parallel-group, multicentre, multinational, phase 3a trial

(2017) Vanita R Aroda et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

The Cardiovascular Biology of Glucagon-like Peptide-1

(2016) Daniel J. Drucker   Cell Metabolism

Benefits of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine Plus Lixisenatide, Versus Insulin Glargine and Lixisenatide Monocomponents in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Oral Agents: The LixiLan-O Randomized Trial

(2016) Julio Rosenstock et al.   DIABETES CARE

Efficacy and Safety of LixiLan, a Titratable Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Glargine Plus Lixisenatide in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Basal Insulin and Metformin: The LixiLan-L Randomized Trial

(2016) Vanita R. Aroda et al.   DIABETES CARE

Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes—2017 : Summary of Revisions

(2016)   DIABETES CARE

Prandial Options to Advance Basal Insulin Glargine Therapy: Testing Lixisenatide Plus Basal Insulin Versus Insulin Glulisine Either as Basal-Plus or Basal-Bolus in Type 2 Diabetes: The GetGoal Duo-2 Trial

(2016) Julio Rosenstock et al.   DIABETES CARE

Once-Daily Liraglutide Versus Lixisenatide as Add-on to Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes: A 26-Week Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

(2016) Michael Nauck et al.   DIABETES CARE

Incretin therapies: highlighting common features and differences in the modes of action of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors

(2016) M. Nauck   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Safety and efficacy of insulin degludec/liraglutide (IDegLira) added to sulphonylurea alone or to sulphonylurea and metformin in insulin-naïve people with Type 2 diabetes: the DUAL IV trial

(2016) H. W. Rodbard et al.   DIABETIC MEDICINE

Exenatide improves β-cell function up to 3 years of treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial

(2016) Daniël H van Raalte et al.   EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY

Effect of Insulin Glargine Up-titration vs Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide on Glycated Hemoglobin Levels in Patients With Uncontrolled Type 2 Diabetes

(2016) Ildiko Lingvay et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

(2016) Steven P. Marso et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes

(2016) Steven P. Marso et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

The Efficacy of IDegLira (Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Combination) in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Oral Therapy: DUAL III Randomized Clinical Trial

(2016) Sultan Linjawi et al.   Diabetes Therapy

The Efficacy of IDegLira (Insulin Degludec/Liraglutide Combination) in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled with a GLP-1 Receptor Agonist and Oral Therapy: DUAL III Randomized Clinical Trial

(2016) Sultan Linjawi et al.   Diabetes Therapy

Efficacy and Safety of Once-Weekly Dulaglutide Versus Insulin Glargine in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes on Metformin and Glimepiride (AWARD-2)

(2015) Francesco Giorgino et al.   DIABETES CARE

Safety and efficacy of once-weekly dulaglutide versus sitagliptin after 2 years in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-5): a randomized, phase III study

(2015) R. S. Weinstock et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 2): 52 week primary endpoint results from a randomised, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus inadequately controlled with diet and exercise

(2015) Michael A. Nauck et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Efficacy of Liraglutide for Weight Loss Among Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

(2015) Melanie J. Davies et al.   JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION

Once-weekly dulaglutide versus bedtime insulin glargine, both in combination with prandial insulin lispro, in patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-4): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority study

(2015) Lawrence Blonde et al.   LANCET

Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes

(2015) Bernard Zinman et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of 3.0 mg of Liraglutide in Weight Management

(2015) Xavier Pi-Sunyer et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome

(2015) Marc A. Pfeffer et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Advancing Basal Insulin Replacement in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Insulin Glargine Plus Oral Agents: A Comparison of Adding Albiglutide, a Weekly GLP-1 Receptor Agonist, Versus Thrice-Daily Prandial Insulin Lispro

(2014) Julio Rosenstock et al.   DIABETES CARE

Contribution of Liraglutide in the Fixed-Ratio Combination of Insulin Degludec and Liraglutide (IDegLira)

(2014) John B. Buse et al.   DIABETES CARE

HARMONY 3: 104-Week Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo- and Active-Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of Albiglutide Compared With Placebo, Sitagliptin, and Glimepiride in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Taking Metformin

(2014) Bo Ahrén et al.   DIABETES CARE

Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Monotherapy Versus Metformin in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-3)

(2014) Guillermo Umpierrez et al.   DIABETES CARE

Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Added Onto Pioglitazone and Metformin Versus Exenatide in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-1)

(2014) Carol Wysham et al.   DIABETES CARE

Efficacy and Safety of Dulaglutide Versus Sitagliptin After 52 Weeks in Type 2 Diabetes in a Randomized Controlled Trial (AWARD-5)

(2014) Michael Nauck et al.   DIABETES CARE

Efficacy and tolerability of albiglutide versus placebo or pioglitazone over 1 year in people with type 2 diabetes currently taking metformin and glimepiride: HARMONY 5

(2014) P. D. Home et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Efficacy and safety of once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist albiglutide (HARMONY 1 trial): 52-week primary endpoint results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus not controlled

(2014) J. Reusch et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

HARMONY 4: randomised clinical trial comparing once-weekly albiglutide and insulin glargine in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin with or without sulfonylurea

(2014) Peter N. Weissman et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Beneficial effects of once-daily lixisenatide on overall and postprandial glycemic levels without significant excess of hypoglycemia in Type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on a sulfonylurea with or without metformin (GetGoal-S)

(2014) Julio Rosenstock et al.   JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

Once-weekly dulaglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in metformin-treated patients with type 2 diabetes (AWARD-6): a randomised, open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority trial

(2014) Kathleen M Dungan et al.   LANCET

Pancreatic Safety of Incretin-Based Drugs — FDA and EMA Assessment

(2014) Amy G. Egan et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Once-weekly albiglutide versus once-daily liraglutide in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled on oral drugs (HARMONY 7): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, non-inferiority phase 3 study

(2014) Richard E Pratley et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

Efficacy and safety of a fixed-ratio combination of insulin degludec and liraglutide (IDegLira) compared with its components given alone: results of a phase 3, open-label, randomised, 26-week, treat-to-target trial in insulin-naive patients with type 2 diabetes

(2014) Stephen C L Gough et al.   Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology

The Clinical Development Program of Lixisenatide: A Once-Daily Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist

(2014) Stephen C. Bain   Diabetes Therapy

Use of Twice-Daily Exenatide in Basal Insulin–Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

(2013) John B. Buse et al.   ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE

Efficacy and Safety of Lixisenatide Once Daily Versus Exenatide Twice Daily in Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled on Metformin: A 24-week, randomized, open-label, active-controlled study (GetGoal-X)

(2013) J. Rosenstock et al.   DIABETES CARE

Adding Once-Daily Lixisenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled by Established Basal Insulin

(2013) Matthew C. Riddle et al.   DIABETES CARE

Adding Once-Daily Lixisenatide for Type 2 Diabetes Inadequately Controlled With Newly Initiated and Continuously Titrated Basal Insulin Glargine

(2013) Matthew C. Riddle et al.   DIABETES CARE

Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily versus placebo in type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on pioglitazone (GetGoal-P)

(2013) M. Pinget et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Pharmacodynamic characteristics of lixisenatide once daily versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin

(2013) C. Kapitza et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Efficacy and safety of lixisenatide once daily vs. placebo in people with Type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on metformin (GetGoal-F1)

(2013) G. B. Bolli et al.   DIABETIC MEDICINE

Effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide on postprandial glucose and gastric emptying – preclinical evidence

(2013) Ulrich Werner   JOURNAL OF DIABETES AND ITS COMPLICATIONS

Efficacy and Safety of the Once-Daily GLP-1 Receptor Agonist Lixisenatide in Monotherapy: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes (GetGoal-Mono)

(2012) V. A. Fonseca et al.   DIABETES CARE

Clinical relevance of anti-exenatide antibodies: safety, efficacy and cross-reactivity with long-term treatment

(2012) M. S. Fineman et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

The design of the liraglutide clinical trial programme

(2012) M. A. Nauck   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the once-daily GLP-1 receptor agonist lixisenatide in Asian patients with type 2 diabetes insufficiently controlled on basal insulin with or without a sulfonylurea (GetGoal-L-Asia)

(2012) Y. Seino et al.   DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM

Exenatide once weekly versus liraglutide once daily in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-6): a randomised, open-label study

(2012) John B Buse et al.   LANCET

Rapid Tachyphylaxis of the Glucagon-Like Peptide 1-Induced Deceleration of Gastric Emptying in Humans

(2011) M. A. Nauck et al.   DIABETES

Efficacy and Safety of Exenatide Once Weekly Versus Metformin, Pioglitazone, and Sitagliptin Used as Monotherapy in Drug-Naive Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (DURATION-4): A 26-week double-blind study

(2011) D. Russell-Jones et al.   DIABETES CARE

Encapsulation of Exenatide in Poly-(d,l-Lactide-Co-Glycolide) Microspheres Produced an Investigational Long-Acting Once-Weekly Formulation for Type 2 Diabetes

(2011) Mary Beth DeYoung et al.   Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics

The safety and tolerability of GLP-1 receptor agonists in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a review

(2011) Vanita R. Aroda et al.   DIABETES-METABOLISM RESEARCH AND REVIEWS

DURATION-2: efficacy and safety of switching from maximum daily sitagliptin or pioglitazone to once-weekly exenatide

(2011) C. Wysham et al.   DIABETIC MEDICINE

DURATION-5: Exenatide Once Weekly Resulted in Greater Improvements in Glycemic Control Compared with Exenatide Twice Daily in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

(2011) Thomas Blevins et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM

DURATION-1: Exenatide Once Weekly Produces Sustained Glycemic Control and Weight Loss Over 52 Weeks

(2010) J. B. Buse et al.   DIABETES CARE

Once weekly exenatide compared with insulin glargine titrated to target in patients with type 2 diabetes (DURATION-3): an open-label randomised trial

(2010) Michaela Diamant et al.   LANCET

Liraglutide versus sitagliptin for patients with type 2 diabetes who did not have adequate glycaemic control with metformin: a 26-week, randomised, parallel-group, open-label trial

(2010) Richard E Pratley et al.   LANCET

Efficacy and Safety of the Human Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Analog Liraglutide in Combination With Metformin and Thiazolidinedione in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes (LEAD-4 Met+TZD)

(2009) B. Zinman et al.   DIABETES CARE

Liraglutide, a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue, added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes (LEAD-1 SU)

(2009) M. Marre et al.   DIABETIC MEDICINE

Liraglutide vs insulin glargine and placebo in combination with metformin and sulfonylurea therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (LEAD-5 met+SU): a randomised controlled trial

(2009) D. Russell-Jones et al.   DIABETOLOGIA

Liraglutide once a day versus exenatide twice a day for type 2 diabetes: a 26-week randomised, parallel-group, multinational, open-label trial (LEAD-6)

(2009) John B Buse et al.   LANCET

Efficacy and Safety Comparison of Liraglutide, Glimepiride, and Placebo, All in Combination With Metformin, in Type 2 Diabetes: The LEAD (Liraglutide Effect and Action in Diabetes)-2 study

(2008) M. Nauck et al.   DIABETES CARE

Liraglutide versus glimepiride monotherapy for type 2 diabetes (LEAD-3 Mono): a randomised, 52-week, phase III, double-blind, parallel-treatment trial

(2008) Alan Garber et al.   LANCET