Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jaimie L. Gradus, Sandro Galea
Summary: The DSM-5 defines trauma as an event involving actual or threatened death, serious injury, or sexual violence. However, the strict distinction between traumatic and less severe stressful events is not helpful for public health. Public health should focus on all individuals experiencing distressing stress and trauma reactions, rather than just those with the most severe experiences.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Nicholas Barr, Hazel Atuel, Shaddy Saba, Carl A. Castro
Summary: Moral injury has gained significant research and clinical attention, but there is still much work to be done in comprehensively defining it and understanding its associations with traumatic illness. A novel dual process model is introduced that provides a flexible analytical framework for evaluating symptoms and has important implications for treatment.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Psychiatry
Flavie Ollivier, Andrea Soubelet, Stephane Duhem, Susanne Thummler
Summary: This literature review examines the implication of shame and guilt in the suicidality of individuals who have experienced potentially traumatic events or been diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder. Results suggest that shame and guilt are involved in all aspects of suicidality in these individuals.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Physiology
Emily C. Reed, Adam J. Case
Summary: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health disorder that lacks definitive biological signatures for diagnosis. The field of redox biology, a potential area for biomarker research, has been overlooked and undervalued.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Po-Han Chou, Shao-Cheng Wang, Chi-Shin Wu, Masaya Ito
Summary: This study investigated whether trauma-related guilt mediates the link between PTSD and suicidal ideation. The results showed that the severity of PTSD symptoms and trauma-related guilt were positively associated with suicidal ideation. The findings suggested that trauma-related guilt may represent a critical link between PTSD and suicidal ideation, highlighting its importance for therapeutic intervention.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jeffrey T. Howard, Ian J. Stewart, Megan Amuan, Jud C. Janak, Mary Jo Pugh
Summary: Emerging evidence suggests that harmful exposures during military service, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI), may contribute to mental health, chronic disease, and mortality risks. This cohort study assessed the mortality rates and estimated the number of excess deaths among veterans serving after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks with and without exposure to TBI. The results highlight the importance of understanding and addressing the elevated mortality risks faced by veterans exposed to TBI.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Reihaneh Ahmadi, Sama Rahimi-Jafari, Mahnaz Olfati, Nooshin Javaheripour, Farnoosh Emamian, Mohammad Rasoul Ghadami, Habibolah Khazaie, David C. Knight, Masoud Tahmasian, Amir A. Sepehry
Summary: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is strongly associated with insomnia, and the prevalence of insomnia in PTSD patients is high. Screening and managing insomnia in PTSD patients are of great importance.
NEUROSCIENCE AND BIOBEHAVIORAL REVIEWS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Adam Fijtman, Ashley Clausen, MarciaKauer-Sant Anna, Rajendra Morey
Summary: This study investigated the association between trauma exposure and suicide attempt in Veterans with bipolar disorder. The results showed that individuals with bipolar disorder who experienced physical assault and childhood sexual abuse were more likely to have a history of suicide attempts. These findings highlight the importance of assessing previous trauma exposure when identifying Veterans at risk for bipolar disorder.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Marie-Jeanne Leonard, Helen-Maria Vasiliadis, Marie-Eve Leclerc, Alain Brunet
Summary: The study identifies lawyers working with trauma-related cases as a high-risk group for PTSD, with parenthood serving as a mitigating factor. Number of years in the job is a key risk factor, but symptoms can be moderated by improving quality of life and work-family balance.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stephen Murata, Taylor Rezeppa, Brian Thoma, Laura Marengo, Katie Krancevich, Elizabeth Chiyka, Benjamin Hayes, Eli Goodfriend, Meredith Deal, Yongqi Zhong, Bradley Brummit, Tiffany Coury, Sarah Riston, David A. Brent, Nadine M. Melhem
Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on mental health, with adolescents being more affected compared to adults. Loneliness is highlighted as a major predictor of psychiatric symptoms, indicating the importance of social support during this crisis.
DEPRESSION AND ANXIETY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Angela Nickerson, Yulisha Byrow, Meaghan O'Donnell, Richard A. Bryant, Vicki Mau, Tadgh McMahon, Greg Benson, Belinda J. Liddell
Summary: This study investigated the associations between self-efficacy, beliefs about others, and psychological and social outcomes in refugees. The results showed that exposure to potentially traumatic events was associated with lower self-efficacy and positive beliefs about others. Self-efficacy was negatively associated with depression and anger, while positive beliefs about others were positively associated with social engagement and depression symptoms.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Thormod Idsoe, Tracy Vaillancourt, Atle Dyregrov, Kristine Amlund Hagen, Terje Ogden, Ane Naerde
Summary: Research suggests that bullying victimization and trauma are connected, and a developmental perspective is needed to understand the consequences of childhood bullying. Developmental trauma disorder and complex post-traumatic stress disorder may be more suitable for considering the consequences of bullying victimization, capturing the complexity of symptoms better than PTSD.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Valeria Bianchini, Giovanna Paoletti, Roberta Ortenzi, Brunella Lagrotteria, Rita Roncone, Vincenza Cofini, Giuseppe Nicolo
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of PTSD and the role of traumatic experiences and abuse in the development of severe psychiatric disorders in psychiatric offenders. Preliminary findings show that about 41% of psychiatric offenders were affected by PTSD, with lifetime traumatic experiences and specifically sexual abuse being significant risk factors.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Claire Leconte, Raymond Mongeau, Florence Noble
Summary: Substance use disorders and traumatic stress-related pathologies often coexist. The KOR and DYN play a crucial role in this comorbidity, regulating the effects of stress and drug use. The DYN/KOR system is involved in anxiety, depressive symptoms, conditioned fear response, and negative reinforcement after drug use. KOR activation leads to drug-seeking behavior and cross-regulates with corticotropin-releasing factor. The sexual dimorphism of the DYN/KOR system may contribute to gender differences in patients with SUD or/and traumatic stress-related pathologies. Antagonists targeting KOR could be a promising pharmacological strategy for treating this comorbidity.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychiatry
Leo Sher, Maureen E. Kilmade, Abigail Feinberg, Usha Govindarajulu, William Byne, Rene S. Kahn, Erin A. Hazlett
Summary: The study focused on comparing demographic and clinical features of military veterans with schizophrenia who had suicidal thoughts or attempts versus those who did not, in order to identify specific risk factors for suicidality. Participants with suicidality showed higher scores in positive symptoms, general psychopathology, depression, paranoid symptoms, and schizotypal features compared to those without suicidality. Logistic regression analysis revealed that total depression score and comorbid mood disorders were significant factors driving the difference in risk between the two groups.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Stefanie T. LoSavio, Courtney B. Worley, Syed T. Aajmain, Craig S. Rosen, Shannon Wiltsey Stirman, Denise M. Sloan
Summary: The study demonstrates the efficacy of Written Exposure Therapy (WET) for patients with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and its effectiveness across various patient characteristics and treatment delivery formats. These findings support the use of WET as a treatment option in the clinical care of veterans.
PSYCHOLOGICAL TRAUMA-THEORY RESEARCH PRACTICE AND POLICY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Carol Chu, Ian H. Stanley, Brian P. Marx, Andrew J. King, Dawne Vogt, Sarah M. Gildea, Irving H. Hwang, Nancy A. Sampson, Robert O'Brien, Murray B. Stein, Robert J. Ursano, Ronald C. Kessler
Summary: The transition from military service to civilian life is a high-risk period for suicide attempts. This study found that high-risk individuals had a higher prevalence of post-separation/deactivation suicide attempts, and some stressful life events were more strongly associated with suicide attempts among high-risk individuals. Targeted preventive interventions for commonly occurring stressful life events could potentially prevent a substantial proportion of post-separation/deactivation suicide attempts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Michael L. Crowe, Kelly L. Harper, Samantha J. Moshier, Terence M. Keane, Brian P. Marx
Summary: This study used five-year data collection and analysis of PTSD symptom data in a sample of military veterans to establish a reliable PTSD symptom network. The study found that negative trauma-related emotions had strong associations with the network, while trauma-related amnesia, sleep disturbance, and self-destructive behavior had weaker associations with other symptoms. The results suggest that the network structure of PTSD is stable over time.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Christine K. Hahn, Chelsea D. Kilimnik, Kathleen T. Brady, Brian P. Marx, Barbara O. Rothbaum, Michael E. Saladin, Amanda K. Gilmore, Christopher L. Metts, Sudie E. Back
Summary: This proposed study aims to develop an integrated intervention for the co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) following sexual assault. The intervention, called STEPS, combines Written Exposure Therapy for PTSD and Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for AUD and will be initiated within the first six weeks post-assault. The study will assess the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of STEPS through a pilot randomized controlled trial among recent sexual assault survivors.
CONTEMPORARY CLINICAL TRIALS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Ronald C. Kessler, Mark S. Bauer, Todd M. Bishop, Robert M. Bossarte, Victor M. Castro, Olga V. Demler, Sarah M. Gildea, Joseph L. Goulet, Andrew J. King, Chris J. Kennedy, Sara J. Landes, Howard Liu, Alex Luedtke, Patrick Mair, Brian P. Marx, Matthew K. Nock, Maria V. Petukhova, Wilfred R. Pigeon, Nancy A. Sampson, Jordan W. Smoller, Aletha Miller, Gretchen Haas, Jeffrey Benware, John Bradley, Richard R. Owen, Samuel House, Snezana Urosevic, Lauren M. Weinstock
Summary: Adding information from clinical notes and public records can improve the accuracy of suicide prediction models after psychiatric hospitalization.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Michelle J. Bovin, Colin T. Mahoney, Alexandra B. Klein, Terence M. Keane, Brian P. Marx
Summary: The study found that the diagnostic prevalence of PTSD remained consistent between DSM-IV and DSM-5, but the diagnostic concordance differed. In contrast to previous studies, this research showed high diagnostic concordance, and revealed demographic and severity differences between the no PTSD and probable PTSD groups, rather than diagnostic changes.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Ian H. Stanley, Brian P. Marx, Brooke A. Fina, Stacey Young-McCaughan, Hannah C. Tyler, Denise M. Sloan, Abby E. Blankenship, Katherine A. Dondanville, James L. Walker, Joseph W. Boffa, Craig J. Bryan, Lily A. Brown, Casey L. Straud, Jim Mintz, Chadi G. Abdallah, Sudie E. Back, Tabatha H. Blount, Bryann B. DeBeer, Julianne Flanagan, Edna B. Foa, Peter T. Fox, Steffany J. Fredman, John Krystal, Meghan E. McDevitt-Murphy, Donald D. McGeary, Kristi E. Pruiksma, Patricia A. Resick, John D. Roache, Paulo Shiroma, Daniel J. Taylor, Jennifer Schuster Wachen, Alexander M. Kaplan, Argelio L. Lopez-Roca, Karin L. Nicholson, Richard P. Schobitz, Christian C. Schrader, Allah-Fard M. Sharrieff, Jeffrey S. Yarvis, Brett T. Litz, Terence M. Keane, Alan L. Peterson
Summary: This study evaluated the Self-Injurious Thoughts and Behaviors Interview-Short Form (SITBI-SF) in military service members and veterans with PTSD. The SITBI-SF showed high reliability and validity, with comparable results across both groups. Approximately 8% of participants who denied suicidal ideation on the SITBI-SF reported it on a separate questionnaire. These participants had higher levels of PTSD symptoms. The SITBI-SF is a reliable measure for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors, and combining it with a self-report measure can enhance suicide risk assessment.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Jaclyn C. Kearns, Emily R. Edwards, Erin P. Finley, Joseph C. Geraci, Sarah M. Gildea, Marianne Goodman, Irving Hwang, Chris J. Kennedy, Andrew J. King, Alex Luedtke, Brian P. Marx, Maria V. Petukhova, Nancy A. Sampson, Richard W. Seim, Ian H. Stanley, Murray B. Stein, Robert J. Ursano, Ronald C. Kessler
Summary: A study successfully identified high-risk U.S. Army soldiers using a machine learning model and predictors from self-report surveys, and initiated a project to evaluate a suicide-prevention intervention for these soldiers. The results showed that a risk calculator based on a short self-report survey can effectively target high-risk soldiers before their transition to civilian life, aiming to prevent post-transition suicide attempts.
PSYCHOLOGICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Sarah A. Stoycos, Sara R. Berzenski, J. Gayle Beck, William Unger, Jessica M. Cappellano, Christopher M. Spofford, Denise M. Sloan
Summary: This study investigated factors contributing to completion of treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and found that participants in the group present-centered treatment (GPCT) condition were more likely to complete treatment than those in the group cognitive behavioral treatment (GCBT) condition. Older age, higher income and level of educational attainment, more mental health diagnoses, and the use of positive reappraisal emotion regulation skills predicted treatment completion.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2023)
Editorial Material
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Robert M. Bossarte, Manik Ahuja, Maria Martik, Anthony Schinelli, Tyler D. Webb, Brian P. Marx
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Brittany E. Blanchard, Morgan Johnson, Sarah B. Campbell, David E. Reed II, Shiyu Chen, Patrick J. Heagerty, Brian P. Marx, Debra Kaysen, John C. Fortney
Summary: This study analyzed the MID metrics of the PCL-5 in a primary care setting in the United States. The results suggest that PCL-5 change scores of 9-12 likely reflect real change in PTSD symptoms, while scores of 5 or less are not reliable.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Daniel J. Lee, Michael L. Crowe, Frank W. Weathers, Michelle J. Bovin, Stephanie Ellickson, Denise M. Sloan, Paula Schnurr, Terence M. Keane, Brian P. Marx
Summary: This study used item response theory (IRT) analysis to examine the item performance of the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5). The results indicate that ordinal ratings provide good coverage of symptom severity and accurately differentiate between participants. However, there is an uneven distribution and redundancy in item difficulty within each symptom cluster.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Alexandra B. Klein, Paula P. Schnurr, Michelle J. Bovin, Matthew J. Friedman, Terence M. Keane, Brian P. Marx
Summary: Subthreshold posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important construct that identifies individuals with significant PTSD symptoms and associated disability, but who do not meet criteria for a full PTSD diagnosis. Different definitions of subthreshold PTSD have made it difficult to interpret findings across studies. This study compares different subthreshold PTSD definitions and suggests a working case definition based on DSM-5 criteria. Results indicate that subthreshold PTSD is a clinically meaningful construct.
JOURNAL OF TRAUMATIC STRESS
(2023)
