Journal
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
Volume 39, Issue -, Pages 26-35Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.01.001
Keywords
IL-38; IL-1F; Inflammation; Arthritis
Categories
Funding
- Inserm
- Arthritis Foundation
- French Society of Rheumatology
- Pfizer
- Region Pays de la Loire (Bioregate)
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IL-38 is the most recently discovered cytokine of the IL-1 family and is considered a potential inhibitor of the IL-1 and Toll-like receptor families. IL-38 exerts anti-inflammatory properties, especially on macrophages, by inhibiting secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced T-lymphocyte TH17 maturation. IL-38 has been studied most extensively in the context of chronic inflammatory diseases, particularly arthritis, where it is considered an attractive new drug candidate. IL-38 research has entered a new phase, with the realization that IL-38 is important in the pathophysiology of TH17 dependent-diseases (psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis). In this review, we provide a critical evaluation of several controversial issues concerning IL38 function and regulation. There is effectively contrasting data regarding IL-38: it is produced in conditions such as apoptosis, necrosis or inflammation, but data is lacking regarding IL-38 processing and biological function. Furthermore, the receptor for IL-38 has yet to be identified, although three candidate receptors -IL-1R1, IL-36R and IL-1RAPL1-have been proposed. Future studies will hopefully uncover new aspects of this enigmatic cytokine.
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