Journal
CYTOKINE & GROWTH FACTOR REVIEWS
Volume 40, Issue -, Pages 59-67Publisher
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.02.006
Keywords
HIV; T cells; Macrophages; Dendritic cells; Nuclear import; Nuclear envelope; SUN; LINC complex; MX2; Interferon-stimulated genes; Innate immunity
Categories
Funding
- LABEX VRI [ANR-10-LABX-77]
- LABEX DCBIOL [ANR-10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL*, ANR-11-LABX-0043]
- ANRS (France REcherche Nord AMP
- Sud Sida-hiv Hepatites) [ECTZ25472, ECTZ36691]
- Sidaction [VIH2016126002, 17-1-AAE-11097-2]
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The nuclear envelope is a physical barrier that isolates the cellular DNA from the rest of the cell, thereby limiting pathogen invasion. The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has a remarkable ability to enter the nucleus of non-dividing target cells such as lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells. While this step is critical for replication of the virus, it remains one of the less understood aspects of HIV infection. Here, we review the viral and host factors that favor or inhibit HIV entry into the nucleus, including the viral capsid, integrase, the central viral DNA flap, and the host proteins CPSF6, TNPO3, Nucleoporins, SUN1, SUN2, Cyclophilin A and MX2. We review recent perspectives on the mechanism of action of these factors, and formulate fundamental questions that remain. Overall, these findings deepen our understanding of HIV nuclear import and strengthen the favorable position of nuclear HIV entry for antiviral targeting.
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