Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jilong Han, Tingting Guo, Yaojing Yue, Zengkui Lu, Jianbin Liu, Chao Yuan, Chune Niu, Min Yang, Bohui Yang
Summary: Tail adipose tissue plays a crucial role in enhancing environmental tolerance for sheep, and this study aimed to explore the development mechanisms of this trait. Proteomic analysis revealed differentially expressed proteins in the tail adipose tissues between fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep, mainly related to metabolism pathways and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway. Up-regulated proteins like ACS L1, HSD17 beta 4, FABP4 may contribute to tail fat deposition by promoting adipocyte proliferation and fat accumulation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Masahiro Yamasaki, Shinya Hasegawa, Shotaro Ozaki, Masahiko Imai, Daisuke Saito, Noriko Takahashi
Summary: This study investigates the effects of diet-induced obesity on acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS) in brown adipose tissue (BAT). The results show that a high-fat diet suppresses AACS expression in BAT, leading to a decrease in lipid synthesis. The findings suggest that AACS-mediated ketone body utilization pathway plays a crucial role in regulating lipogenesis in BAT.
Article
Hematology
Enchen Zhou, Zhuang Li, Hiroyuki Nakashima, Cong Liu, Zhixiong Ying, Amanda C. Foks, Jimmy F. P. Berbee, Ko Willems van Dijk, Patrick C. N. Rensen, Yanan Wang
Summary: Brown fat activation attenuates atherosclerosis development by accelerating triglyceride-rich lipoprotein turnover and stimulating reverse cholesterol transport via SRB1. Knockdown of hepatic SRB1 not only increases HDL-cholesterol levels but also reduces plasma triglyceride and non-HDL-cholesterol levels, which explains the reduction in atherosclerosis development. This study suggests that brown fat activation combined with SRB1 modulation could be a potential strategy to treat cardiovascular disease.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Xiaoyu Ding, Xiaona Chang, Jiaxuan Wang, Nannan Bian, Yu An, Guang Wang, Jia Liu
Summary: The study found that serum Metrnl levels were reduced in individuals with overweight or obesity and were independently associated with adverse lipid profile. This finding suggests that modifying circulating Metrnl levels may serve as a potential therapeutic target for atherogenic dyslipidemia.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Cong Liu, Milena Schonke, Enchen Zhou, Zhuang Li, Sander Kooijman, Mariette R. Boon, Mikael Larsson, Kristina Wallenius, Niek Dekker, Louise Barlind, Xiao-Rong Peng, Yanan Wang, Patrick C. N. Rensen
Summary: FGF21 plays a role in regulating lipoprotein metabolism, improving hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerotic lesions. It accelerates the metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by activating BAT and inducing browning of WAT, leading to decreased levels of non-HDL cholesterol and severity of hepatic steatosis.
CARDIOVASCULAR RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Geke Aline Boer, Stacey N. Keenan, Paula M. Miotto, Jens Juul Holst, Matthew J. Watt
Summary: GIP receptor knockout mice fed a high-fat diet exhibit reduced adiposity despite transporting more ingested lipids into adipose tissue. This can be partly explained by accelerated adipose tissue lipolysis and increased energy expenditure in GIPR KO mice. These new insights provide a theoretical basis for targeting GIPR as part of weight management strategy in obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biology
Xiao Zhang, Hero Robles, Kristann L. Magee, Madelyn R. Lorenz, Zhaohua Wang, Charles A. Harris, Clarissa S. Craft, Erica L. Scheller
Summary: Bone marrow adipocytes accumulate with age and in diverse disease states. A novel secondary adipogenesis pathway unique to the bone marrow is activated with age and in states of metabolic stress, resulting in compromised lipid mobilization and cytokine expression within regions traditionally devoted to hematopoiesis. This finding further contributes to our understanding of bone marrow adipocyte origins, adaptations, and relationships with surrounding tissues.
Article
Immunology
Yale Yang, Wuling Zhong, Yali Zhang, Yalan Cheng, Hejin Lai, Huimin Yu, Ning Feng, Yumo Han, Rui Huang, Qiwei Zhai
Summary: In this study, researchers found that sustained inflammation leads to fat loss in mice in a tolerable manner. Additionally, they demonstrate that inflammation induced by LPS through Tlr4 affects lipid metabolism and anorexia.
JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Seyedeh Fatemeh Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Bakhtiarizadeh, Abdolreza Salehi
Summary: Comparative transcriptome analysis of fat- and thin-tailed sheep breeds provides insight into the genetic factors associated with fat-tail development. An RNA-Seq meta-analysis was performed using six publicly available datasets, identifying 500 differentially expressed genes. Network analysis revealed functional interactions among these genes, highlighting known and novel genes/pathways involved in fat deposition in sheep fat-tail.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Chen Sun, Shuyu Mao, Siyu Chen, Wenxiang Zhang, Chang Liu
Summary: PPARs have been identified as crucial regulators of lipid and glucose homeostasis and have the potential to improve metabolic syndromes. Adipose tissue plays a significant role in insulin resistance and metabolic syndromes, with PPARs playing essential roles in adipocyte biology.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biology
Rupali Ugrankar-Banerjee, Son Tran, Jade Bowerman, Anastasiia Kovalenko, Blessy Paul, W. Mike Henne
Summary: This study reveals the important role of a specific actin isoform, Act5C, in adipose tissue cell size expansion, nutrient uptake, and lipid transport. Deficiency in Act5C leads to developmental delay and impaired fat accumulation in larvae.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Judita Klimova, Milos Mraz, Helena Kratochvilova, Zdenka Lacinova, Kvetoslav Novak, David Michalsky, Jan Kvasnicka, Robert Holaj, Denisa Haluzikova, Radka Petrakova Dolezalova, Matej Zitek, Zuzana Kratka, Veronika Todorovova, Jiri Widimsky, Martin Haluzik, Tomas Zelinka, Ondrej Petrak
Summary: Evaluation of BAT activity in PPGL patients revealed a connection with catecholamine levels, but no direct relationship with increased energy metabolism was found.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Marie-Eve Piche, Isabelle Tardif, Audrey Auclair, Paul Poirier
Summary: The atherogenic dyslipidemia commonly seen in severe obesity includes high triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol concentrations, and an increased proportion of small and dense LDL particles. Bariatric surgery has been shown to be effective in improving lipid-lipoprotein profile in severe obesity, with mechanisms possibly involving adipose tissue distribution/function, insulin sensitivity, liver fat content/function and lipid-lipoprotein metabolism.
METABOLISM-CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Junli Feng, Xi Chen, Shitong Wang, Jian Zhang, Qingcheng Wang, Shunyuan Guo, Qing Shen
Summary: In this study, the metabolic effects of seafood-derived plasmalogens (Pls) on high fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia in zebrafish were evaluated. It was found that Pls supplementation effectively alleviated obesity symptoms and reduced levels of total hepatic cholesterol and triglycerides. The study also revealed that Pls mainly altered lipid metabolism pathways and the TCA cycle, induced the overexpression of anti-oxidation enzymes, and reduced disease biomarkers and gut microbiota-derived metabolites.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aaron R. Cox, Natasha Chernis, Kang Ho Kim, Peter M. Masschelin, Pradip K. Saha, Shawn M. Briley, Robert Sharp, Xin Li, Jessica B. Felix, Zheng Sun, David D. Moore, Stephanie A. Pangas, Sean M. Hartig
Summary: The research shows that the expression of Ube2i in mature adipocytes is crucial for the expansion of white adipose tissue. Deletion of Ube2i in fat cells compromises and diminishes adipocyte function, leading to WAT inflammation and ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver.
MOLECULAR METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sion A. Parry, Fredrik Rosqvist, Thomas Cornfield, Amy Barrett, Leanne Hodson
Summary: The study demonstrates that the whole-body oxidation of dietary linoleate is higher than that of palmitate in humans after consumption of a single mixed-test meal. There were indications of sexual dimorphism for dietary palmitate but not for dietary linoleate.
CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Pomme I. H. G. Simons, Olivier Valkenburg, Ine Telgenkamp, Koen M. van der Waaij, David M. de Groot, Pandichelvam Veeraiah, Judith A. P. Bons, Marja-Riitta Taskinen, Jan Boren, Patrick Schrauwen, Joost H. W. Rutten, David Cassiman, Casper G. Schalkwijk, Coen D. A. Stehouwer, Vera B. Schrauwen-Hinderling, Leanne Hodson, Martijn C. G. J. Brouwers
Summary: The study found a negative association between DNL and SHBG, which may explain the decreased SHBG levels observed in obese individuals, at least in women.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Mark C. Turner, Rowan P. Rimington, Neil R. W. Martin, Jacob W. Fleming, Andrew J. Capel, Leanne Hodson, Mark P. Lewis
Summary: The study demonstrated that exposure to exogenous fatty acids can lead to increased lipid accumulation in tissue engineered skeletal muscle, upregulation of genes related to lipid storage and metabolism, and a decrease in muscle force production. These findings reveal the impact of exogenous fatty acids on the function and metabolism of skeletal muscle tissue.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Maija Ruuth, Mari Lahelma, Panu K. Luukkonen, Martina B. Lorey, Sami Qadri, Sanja Sadevirta, Tuulia Hyotylainen, Petri T. Kovanen, Leanne Hodson, Hannele Yki-Jarvinen, Katariina Oorni
Summary: This study compared the effects of overfeeding different dietary macronutrients on plasma lipoprotein properties, showing that the type of fat consumed during overfeeding is a key determinant of the characteristics and functional properties of plasma lipoproteins in humans.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tessa M. Cacciottolo, Elana Henning, Julia M. Keogh, Pierre Bel Lassen, Katherine Lawler, Rebecca Bounds, Rachel Ahmed, Aliki Perdikari, Edson Mendes de Oliveira, Miriam Smith, Edmund M. Godfrey, Elspeth Johnson, Leanne Hodson, Karine Clement, Agatha A. van der Klaauw, I. Sadaf Farooqi
Summary: SRC-1 variant carriers exhibit hyperphagia in childhood, severe obesity, and clinical features of partial hormone resistance. The presence of adipose tissue fibrosis and hepatic fibrosis in young patients suggests that close monitoring for the early development of obesity-associated metabolic complications is warranted.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Camilla Pramfalk, Osman Ahmed, Matteo Pedrelli, Mirko E. Minniti, Serge Luquet, Raphael Gp Denis, Maria Olin, Jennifer Hardfeldt, Lise-Lotte Vedin, Knut R. Steffensen, Mikael Ryden, Leanne Hodson, Mats Eriksson, Paolo Parini
Summary: This study reveals that depletion of the cholesterol ester synthesis enzyme Soat2 improves metabolic control in mice by partitioning lipids into secretory and oxidative pathways, reducing hepatic steatosis.
JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
S. R. Nagarajan, E. Cross, F. Sanna, L. Hodson
Summary: The liver is a crucial metabolic organ that regulates intrahepatic lipid and glucose metabolism, impacting systemic lipid and glucose concentrations. Imbalances in fatty acid delivery, synthesis, and removal, as well as insulin's role, can lead to metabolic diseases and accumulation of intra-hepatocellular TAG.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NUTRITION SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Charlotte J. Green, Thomas Marjot, John Walsby-Tickle, Catriona Charlton, Thomas Cornfield, Felix Westcott, Katherine E. Pinnick, Ahmad Moolla, Jonathan M. Hazlehurst, James McCullagh, Jeremy W. Tomlinson, Leanne Hodson
Summary: Metformin effectively reduces body weight and improves insulin sensitivity in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, but does not significantly reduce intrahepatic triglyceride content or increase fatty acid oxidation. The treatment does lead to changes in VLDL-triglyceride concentrations and the contribution of de novo lipogenesis-derived fatty acids to VLDL-TG.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Panu K. Luukkonen, Sami Qadri, Noora Ahlholm, Kimmo Porthan, Ville Mannisto, Henna Sammalkorpi, Anne K. Penttila, Antti Hakkarainen, Tiina E. Lehtimaki, Melania Gaggini, Amalia Gastaldelli, Mika Ala-Korpela, Marju Orho-Melander, Johanna Arola, Anne Juuti, Jussi Pihlajamaki, Leanne Hodson, Hannele Yki-Jarvinen
Summary: This study demonstrated that the mechanisms underlying the metabolic and genetic components of NAFLD are fundamentally different. The metabolic component is characterized by hepatic oversupply of substrates, while the genetic component is characterized by impaired hepatic mitochondrial function.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
David J. Dearlove, Adrian Soto Mota, David Hauton, Katherine Pinnick, Rhys Evans, Jack Miller, Roman Fischer, James S. O. Mccullagh, Leanne Hodson, Kieran Clarke, Pete J. Cox
Summary: Elevating blood ketones through dietary carbohydrate restriction or ketone supplementation can enhance exercise capacity and adaptations differently. While both methods induce hyperketonemia, they have contrasting effects on exercise capacity and adaptation to exercise training.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David J. Dearlove, Leanne Hodson
Summary: The accumulation of intrahepatic triglyceride (IHTG) is influenced by both metabolic and genetic factors. Obesity and insulin resistance are the primary metabolic drivers for IHTG accumulation, while genome-wide association studies have identified specific genetic variations associated with IHTG content. These metabolic and genetic drivers appear to have distinct mechanisms and further research is needed to understand their interaction effects and develop personalized therapeutic interventions.
CURRENT OPINION IN CLINICAL NUTRITION AND METABOLIC CARE
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Shilpa R. Nagarajan, Eloise Cross, Elspeth Johnson, Fabio Sanna, Lorna J. Daniels, David W. Ray, Leanne Hodson
Summary: Pathological accumulation of intrahepatic triglyceride is a key factor in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which can progress to more severe liver conditions. This study aimed to investigate the effects of media composition, concentration, and treatment frequency on triglyceride content and cellular metabolism. The results showed that saturated fatty acids had a greater impact than unsaturated fatty acids on liver fat accumulation and insulin stimulation. Additionally, a high fat high sugar diet had significant effects on circadian rhythm and gene expression. The cellular model developed in this study mimicked early stage NAFLD and could be used to further investigate lipid and glucose metabolism in more advanced stages.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Dragana Savic, Ferenc E. Mozes, Peregrine G. Green, Matthew K. Burrage, Mette Skalshi Kjaer, Leanne Hodson, Stefan Neubauer, Michael Pavlides, Ladislav Valkovic
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate a H-1-MRS technique for liver acetylcarnitine quantification in healthy humans before and after l-carnitine supplementation. The results showed that the technique could be used to measure acetylcarnitine in the liver and detect changes following supplementation.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nantia Othonos, Riccardo Pofi, Anastasia Arvaniti, Sarah White, Ilaria Bonaventura, Nikolaos Nikolaou, Ahmad Moolla, Thomas Marjot, Roland H. Stimson, Andre P. van Beek, Martijn van Faassen, Andrea M. Isidori, Elizabeth Bateman, Ross Sadler, Fredrik Karpe, Paul M. Stewart, Craig Webster, Joanne Duffy, Richard Eastell, Fatma Gossiel, Thomas Cornfield, Leanne Hodson, K. Jane Escott, Andrew Whittaker, Ufuk Kirik, Ruth L. Coleman, Charles A. B. Scott, Joanne E. Milton, Olorunsola Agbaje, Rury R. Holman, Jeremy W. Tomlinson
Summary: The study suggests that inhibiting 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11 beta-HSD1) with AZD4017 could mitigate the adverse effects of glucocorticoids while preserving their anti-inflammatory actions. Co-treatment of AZD4017 with prednisolone shows potential in limiting the adverse effects of glucocorticoids.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jonathan M. Gamwell, Keanu Paphiti, Leanne Hodson, Fredrik Karpe, Katherine E. Pinnick, Marijana Todorcevic
Summary: Differentiating human adipocytes in culture can be improved by modifying the protocol, such as reducing hormone exposure time, using physiological glucose concentration, and providing exogenous fatty acids. These modifications can restore impaired insulin signalling and glucose uptake, and enhance the functional aspects of adipocytes.