Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jordan Losavio, Michael J. Keenan, Elizabeth A. Gollub, Heidi J. Silver
Summary: The aim of this study is to identify factors that predict weight loss success for diet interventions that vary by macronutrient and caloric composition. Completion of the intervention was found to be the most robust predictor of weight loss success, and other factors included age, physical activity level, blood leptin level, blood pressure, and the amount of weight loss occurring. Differences in cardiometabolic risk factor reduction were observed among different diet types. These findings provide evidence for more precise and personalized approaches to diet intervention for weight loss and cardiometabolic health.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Antonio Paoli, Antonino Bianco, Tatiana Moro, Joao Felipe Mota, Christianne F. Coelho-Ravagnani
Summary: In this review, the direct effects of ketogenic diets (KD) and the effects of weight loss induced by KDs on glycemic status in humans are discussed, along with the biochemical background and underlying mechanisms of KDs.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Valene Garr Barry, Mariah Stewart, Taraneh Soleymani, Renee A. Desmond, Amy M. Goss, Barbara A. Gower
Summary: The study concludes that prescribing a LCHF diet to middle-aged adults may be an optimal strategy for reducing disease risk, particularly for those with insulin resistance.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adrian Soto-Mota, Mark A. Pereira, Cara B. Ebbeling, Lucia Aronica, David S. Ludwig
Summary: The DIETFITS trial demonstrated that meaningful weight loss can be achieved with either a healthy low-carbohydrate diet or healthy low-fat diet. However, the factors mediating weight loss remain unclear due to the substantial decrease in glycemic load in both diets.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dena Nuwaylati, Basmah Eldakhakhny, Abdulhadi Bima, Hussein Sakr, Ayman Elsamanoudy
Summary: Insulin resistance plays a role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, and the ketogenic diet has been proven as an effective treatment for various insulin resistance-related disorders. However, the safety of the ketogenic diet is still debatable, and attention should be given to the opportunities and challenges associated with its implementation.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Daria Igudesman, Jamie Crandell, Karen D. Corbin, Dessi P. Zaharieva, Ananta Addala, Joan M. Thomas, Anna Casu, M. Sue Kirkman, Teeranan Pokaprakarn, Michael C. Riddell, Kyle Burger, Richard E. Pratley, Michael R. Kosorok, David M. Maahs, Elizabeth J. Mayer-Davis
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of different diets on weight and glycaemia in young adults with type 1 diabetes and overweight or obesity. The results showed that regardless of macronutrient distribution or calorie restriction, a three-month diet resulted in weight loss and improved or maintained blood sugar levels without increasing hypoglycaemia.
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Domenico Trico, Diego Moriconi, Rossana Berta, Simona Baldi, Alfredo Quinones-Galvan, Letizia Guiducci, Stefano Taddei, Andrea Mari, Monica Nannipieri
Summary: This study compared the effects of a balanced Mediterranean diet and a low-carbohydrate diet on weight loss and glucose homeostasis in morbidly obese individuals at high risk for diabetes. It was found that the low-carbohydrate diet was more effective for short-term weight loss, while both diets were similar in improving insulin resistance and insulin clearance. Further research is needed to compare their long-term efficacy and safety.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Yuping Liu, Ping Sun, Ping Shuai, Qichuan Qiao, Tingxin Li
Summary: Evidence on the benefits and risks of low-glycemic index and fat-restricted diets in weight loss and blood lipid profile changes remains unclear. A prospective pilot study in Southwest China found that a fat-restricted low-glycemic index diet could effectively control weight, reduce body fat percentage, and lower cholesterol and triglycerides levels in overweight/obese individuals, regardless of gender.
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Samuel Klein, Randy J. Seeley
Summary: Many individuals with obesity and type 2 diabetes experience diabetes remission after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, but there is disagreement regarding the underlying mechanisms. We present our perspective on conflicting datasets suggesting that the remission could be attributed solely to weight loss or weight loss-independent factors.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Susan Wolver, Kristen Fadel, Ethan Fieger, Zein Aburish, Brennen O'Rourke, Toni-Marie Chandler, Dorian Shimotani, Natasha Clingempeel, Shuchi Jain, Aashish Jain, Puneet Puri
Summary: This study shows that in patients with T2DM on a Low Carbohydrate Diet (LCD), it is possible to reduce or even discontinue insulin use while facilitating weight loss and achieving glycemic control. Offering a Low Carbohydrate Diet to all patients with diabetes, especially those using insulin, is recommended based on these findings.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yulian Zhong, Ximin Chen, Chao Huang, Yuexiao Chen, Fengyi Zhao, Runhua Hao, Niannian Wang, Wang Liao, Hui Xia, Ligang Yang, Shaokang Wang, Guiju Sun
Summary: This study investigated the effects of replacing staple foods with nutritional protein powder, dietary fiber, and fish oil on metabolic parameters in obese individuals. Compared with a reduced staple food low carbohydrate diet, we examined weight loss, glucose and lipid metabolism, and intestinal flora.
NUTRITION & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ilias Attaye, Pierre Bel Lassen, Solia Adriouch, Emilie Steinbach, Rafael Patino-Navarrete, Mark Davids, Rohia Alili, Flavien Jacques, Sara Benzeguir, Eugeni Belda, Ina Nemet, James T. Anderson, Laure Alexandre-Heymann, Arno Greyling, Etienne Larger, Stanley L. Hazen, Sophie L. van Oppenraaij, Valentina Tremaroli, Katharina Beck, Per-Olof Bergh, Fredrik Bakhed, Suzan P. M. ten Brincke, Hilde Herrema, Albert K. Groen, Sara-Joan Pinto-Sietsma, Karine Clement, Max Nieuwdorp
Summary: High-protein diets do not significantly affect glycemic control or weight in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, it may have negative effects on kidney function and the production of gut-derived metabolites.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dan Yu, Libin Xie, Wei Chen, Jin Qin, Jingjing Zhang, Min Lei, Yue Wang, Hongge Tang, Sujuan Xue, Xinxiu Liang, Zelei Miao, Congmei Xiao, Meishuang Shang, Jie Lu, Hailing Di, Yuanqing Fu
Summary: This study investigated the changes in gut bacteria and fungi accompanying weight loss induced by low-carbohydrate diets. After a weight loss of at least 5%, the diversity of gut bacteria and fungi increased and remained stable. Certain bacterial genera from the Firmicutes phylum were depleted, while others from the Bacteroidetes phylum were enriched. The study also discovered a close interaction between gut fungi and bacteria during weight loss.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dayeon Shin, Kyung Won Lee
Summary: This study revealed a higher risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Korean women who were overweight or obese before pregnancy with a history of GDM compared to those without GDM history. Additionally, high pre-pregnancy BMI or high current BMI increased the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes in Korean women, regardless of GDM history. This highlights the importance of maintaining a healthy weight status both before and after pregnancy to prevent future risk of type 2 diabetes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Dina Hafez Griauzde, Kathleen Standafer Lopez, Laura R. Saslow, Caroline R. Richardson
Summary: Individuals show varied responses to different eating patterns, leading to a call for personalized nutrition counseling strategies. Challenges remain in translating evidence-based eating patterns into clinical practice, as certain dietary approaches are perceived as less healthy despite potential benefits.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Eric Doucet, Kevin Hall, Andrea Miller, Valerie H. Taylor, Maria Ricupero, Jess Haines, Paula Brauer, Kimberly A. Gudzune, James D. House, Rupinder Dhaliwal
Summary: Recent advances in foundational research on energy balance and weight loss shed new light on earlier findings. Emerging evidence and insights around mental illness and client-centred, weight-inclusive approaches have implications for practitioners. Novelty: Weight loss involves an interplay of multiple factors, not diet alone. There is no best diet or treatment approach for weight loss. Future research should involve minimizing weight loss countermeasures and new health system-based approaches aimed at improving health.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kevin D. Hall, Juen Guo, Amber B. Courville, James Boring, Robert Brychta, Kong Y. Chen, Valerie Darcey, Ciaran G. Forde, Ahmed M. Gharib, Isabelle Gallagher, Rebecca Howard, Paule V. Joseph, Lauren Milley, Ronald Ouwerkerk, Klaudia Raisinger, Irene Rozga, Alex Schick, Michael Stagliano, Stephan Torres, Mary Walter, Peter Walter, Shanna Yang, Stephanie T. Chung
Summary: In an inpatient, randomized controlled crossover trial, participants consumed 550-700 fewer calories per day when following a plant-based, low-fat diet with a high glycemic load compared with an animal-based, low-carbohydrate diet with a low glycemic load; weight loss was comparable between the two diets and there were no significant differences in hunger or enjoyment of the meals.
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Elvis A. Castillo-Camarena, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: This study evaluated the applicability of the IDEAL-CT for asphalt cracking tests and compared it with the I-FIT protocol using AMPT. The results showed that the IDEAL-CT test on a Marshall frame had comparable results to the I-FIT test on AMPT, with CTIndex showing less variability than FI but more than CRI. The study suggests potential cost savings for laboratories using IDEAL-CT on a Marshall frame.
JOURNAL OF TESTING AND EVALUATION
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin D. Hall, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Jeffery M. Friedman, Samuel Klein, Ruth J. F. Loos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Stephen O'Rahilly, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Donna H. Ryan, John R. Speakman, Deirdre K. Tobias
Summary: This article discusses two models of obesity, the carbohydrate-insulin model and the energy balance model. The article points out that the carbohydrate-insulin model better reflects the biology of weight control, while the energy balance model does not consider the biological mechanisms that promote weight gain. The article also provides an accurate description of the energy balance model, stating that the brain is the primary organ responsible for body weight regulation.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kevin D. Hall
Summary: The study reinterprets the results of The Biggest Loser competition, indicating that contestants experienced metabolic adaptations due to sustained increases in physical activity, leading to a decrease in resting metabolic rate and minimal changes in total energy expenditure. This suggests that moderate physical activity can result in smaller metabolic adaptations, while lower levels of physical activity do not lead to similar changes.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Annika N. Flynn, Kevin D. Hall, Amber B. Courville, Peter J. Rogers, Jeffrey M. Brunstrom
Summary: This study assessed the impact of food energy density (ED) on energy intake and found a nonlinear relationship between ED and meal caloric intake. The results suggest that humans are sensitive to the energy content of meals and adjust meal size to avoid the adverse effects of overconsumption. Future research should examine the relative importance of volume and calorie-content signals, as well as individual differences in everyday dietary behavior and energy balance.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Vojtech Skop, Juen Guo, Naili Liu, Kevin D. Hall, Oksana Gavrilova, Marc L. Reitman
Letter
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kevin D. Hall, I. Sadaf Farooqi, Jeffery M. Friedman, Samuel Klein, Ruth J. F. Loos, David J. Mangelsdorf, Stephen O'Rahilly, Eric Ravussin, Leanne M. Redman, Donna H. Ryan, John R. Speakman, Deirdre K. Tobias
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION
(2022)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Guo, W. K. Simmons, P. Herscovitch, A. Martin, K. D. Hall
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Karen D. Corbin, Elvis A. Carnero, Timothy D. Allerton, Joachim Tillner, Christopher P. Bock, Pierre-Philippe Luyet, Britta Gobel, Kevin D. Hall, Stephanie A. Parsons, Eric Ravussin, Steven R. Smith
Summary: This study aimed to test the hypothesis that treatment with the glucagon-like peptide-1/glucagon receptor agonist SAR425899 would result in less metabolic adaptation and increased lipid oxidation. The results showed that SAR425899 led to a smaller reduction in body composition-adjusted sleeping metabolic rate (SMR) and increased fat oxidation, which are beneficial for weight loss and weight-loss maintenance.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Valerie L. Darcey, Juen Guo, Amber B. Courville, Isabelle Gallagher, Jason A. Avery, W. Kyle Simmons, John E. Ingeholm, Peter Herscovitch, Alex Martin, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: This study found that reducing dietary fat, but not carbohydrates, decreased dopamine D2/3 receptor binding potential and neural activity in brain-reward regions, resulting in a shift towards high-fat high-carbohydrate food choices. These results suggest that dietary fat restriction may increase dopamine levels in reward regions, affecting diet adherence.
Review
Biology
Kevin D. Hall
Summary: Thanks to our modern food system, more people now have obesity than suffer from starvation. The transformation of agriculture in the 20th century relied heavily on fossil fuels and led to surplus production of heavily marketed ultra-processed foods. While the increase in per capita food availability resulted in increased food waste, the ultra-processed food environment disproportionately contributed to excess energy intake in genetically susceptible individuals. Coordinated nutrition and agricultural research are crucial to transform the current food system and reduce the prevalence of diet-related diseases.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Biology
David B. Allison, Thorkild I. A. Sorensen, Kevin D. Hall, John R. Speakman
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biology
John R. Speakman, Kevin D. Hall
Summary: Body weight and fatness are regulated phenomena, and several theoretical models, such as the set-point, dynamic equilibrium, adiposity force, and control theory, have been proposed to explain this. Further experiments are needed to test the differences between these models.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Correction
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
J. Guo, W. K. Simmons, P. Herscovitch, A. Martin, K. D. Hall
MOLECULAR PSYCHIATRY
(2022)
