Article
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Fang Niu, Cheng Zheng, Lei Liu
Summary: Recurrent events and terminal events are often related in biomedical studies. Although joint models have been proposed to analyze their correlation, there is a lack of suitable methods to investigate the causal mechanisms between specific exposures, recurrent events, and terminal events.
STATISTICS IN MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Yuchen Hu, Shuangning Li, Stefan Wager
Summary: This paper proposes a definition for the average indirect effect of a binary treatment and establishes its relationship with the effect of policy intervention. The authors also explore different parametric models for interference and find that the nonparametric indirect effect remains a natural estimand in those models.
Article
Statistics & Probability
Caleb H. Miles
Summary: Identification of standard mediated effects relies on causal assumptions, while randomised interventional indirect effects have gained popularity for circumventing these assumptions. This study introduces properties required for an indirect effect measure to have a true mediational interpretation, such as the sharp null criterion. Without stronger assumptions, randomised interventional indirect effects do not satisfy these criteria. Alternative causal interpretations of such effects are also discussed.
JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES B-STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ryan M. Andrews, Vanessa Didelez
Summary: This article discusses the cross-world independence assumption in causal mediation analysis, highlighting its issues and exploring possible alternatives. Through practical examples and numerical studies, it is found that this assumption may be violated even without post-treatment confounding.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Judith J. Lok, Ronald J. Bosch
Summary: Mediation analysis is widely used in applied research, with indirect and direct effects being key components of the treatment effect that is either mediated by a covariate or not. Natural and organic indirect and direct effects offer different causal interpretations based on various interventions on the mediator. Organic interventions on the mediator can provide valuable insights into treatment effects even in the presence of treatment-mediator interactions.
Article
Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods
Ariel Linden, Chuck Huber, Geoffrey T. Wodtke
Summary: The rwrmed package introduced in this article performs mediation analysis using the methods proposed by Wodtke and Zhou (2020), estimating interventional direct and indirect effects. The software produces natural direct and indirect effect estimates when no treatment-induced confounders are specified, and the effects are simple functions of the parameters in the models when correctly specified.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Matthew J. Valente, Judith J. M. Rijnhart, Milica Miocevic
Summary: Single case experimental designs (SCEDs) are widely used to test treatment effects and recently, mediation analysis has been applied to this field. The goal of this article is to derive causal mediation effects and their corresponding standard errors and to evaluate the performance of regression estimators and standard errors. The study found that causal mediation effects include both level and trend changes, and Monte Carlo confidence intervals show higher statistical power, while normal theory confidence intervals perform better in other aspects.
PSYCHOLOGICAL METHODS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
John W. Jackson
Summary: Causal decomposition analyses can help build evidence for interventions addressing health disparities by considering outcome disparity and adjusting covariates for hypothetical interventions. Equity concerns in these analyses are addressed through explicit consideration of allowable covariates and the value judgments conveyed by these choices.
Article
Psychology, Social
Wen Wei Loh, Dongning Ren
Summary: This article presents a novel approach, interventional indirect effects, for improving causal inference in mediation analysis with multiple mediators. It does not require assumptions about the causal structure among the mediators and provides valid inference for multiple mediators' effects.
SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David J. Halpern, Shannon Tubridy, Lila Davachi, Todd M. Gureckis
Summary: Over 40 years of research have shown associations between neuroimaging signals during memory encoding tasks and future memory performance. However, the interpretation of these subsequent memory effects (SMEs) is still unclear. Previous studies did not control for potential confounders of these effects. In this study, a large fMRI dataset was collected and adjusted for known confounding variables. The results suggest that existing neuroimaging measures may not have the precision and specificity to reliably predict subsequent memory.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
WenWu Wang, Ping Yu, Yuejin Zhou, Tiejun Tong, Zhonghua Liu
Summary: In this paper, the authors focused on the mediation test based on the indirect effect in social and behavioral sciences. They examined the difference method and the product method in mediation models and demonstrated their equivalence in various scenarios. The authors also provided insights on the empirical distributions of indirect effect estimators and introduced popular R packages for mediation analysis.
CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuming Guo, Yao Wu, Tingting Ye, Lei Zhang, Amanda Johnson, Shanshan Li
Summary: This study conducted a national level analysis in Brazil from 2000 to 2015 to accurately estimate the causal relationship between PM2.5 exposure and hospitalisations. A novel approach using a panel analysis was employed to control for seasonality and long-term trends. The findings showed that a 10 μg/m3 increase in PM2.5 concentrations was associated with a 1.06% increase in hospitalisations, with larger effects observed among children and the elderly.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Management
Bernard S. Black, Hemang Desai, Katherine Litvak, Woongsun Yoo, Jeff Jiewei Yu
Summary: This study examines the effects of removing short-sale restrictions on a sample of Russell 3000 firms. It finds that there is no evidence to support the causal channels of short interest, returns, and managerial fear for the indirect effects attributed to this experiment. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of confirming causal channels or economic mechanisms and shows the potential bias of sample selection and specification choices in producing statistical significance without an underlying economic mechanism.
MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sara Mohammad-Taheri, Jeremy Zucker, Charles Tapley Hoyt, Karen Sachs, Vartika Tewari, Robert Ness, Olga Vitek
Summary: This article proposes a general and practical approach for estimating causal queries based on latent variable models. It proves the accuracy of the approach under specific conditions and demonstrates its broad applicability and practicality through synthetic and experimental case studies.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Yongqi Zhong, Edward H. Kennedy, Lisa M. Bodnar, Ashley Naimi
Summary: The AIPW package is able to implement AIPW estimation method, including cross-fitting and flexible covariate adjustment. Through simulated RCT and simulation studies, we found that the performance of the AIPW package is comparable to other doubly robust estimation methods, and cross-fitting can significantly reduce bias and improve confidence interval coverage.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Sport Sciences
I. Shrier, R. J. Steele, M. Zhao, A. Naimi, E. Verhagen, S. D. Stovitz, M. J. Rauh, T. E. Hewett
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS
(2016)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Nathalie Auger, Zhong-Cheng Luo, Anne Monique Nuyt, Jay S. Kaufman, Ashley I. Naimi, Robert W. Platt, William D. Fraser
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOLOGY
(2016)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Xun Zhang, Kate Tilling, Richard M. Martin, Emily Oken, Ashley I. Naimi, Izzuddin M. Aris, Seungmi Yang, Michael S. Kramer
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Gabriel Conzuelo-Rodriguez, Ashley I. Naimi
PAEDIATRIC AND PERINATAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hsing-Hua S. Lin, Ashley I. Naimi, Maria M. Brooks, Gale A. Richardson, Jessica G. Burke, Joyce T. Bromberger
QUALITY OF LIFE RESEARCH
(2018)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Ashley I. Naimi, Sander Greenland
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2019)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ya-Hui Yu, Lisa M. Bodnar, Maria M. Brooks, Katherine P. Himes, Ashley I. Naimi
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ya-Hui Yu, Lisa M. Bodnar, Maria M. Brooks, Katherine P. Himes, Ashley I. Naimi
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2019)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hsing-Hua S. Lin, Ashley Naimi, Maria M. Brooks, Gale A. Richardson, Jessica G. Burke, Joyce T. Bromberger
ANNALS OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Stephen R. Cole, Jessie K. Edwards, Ashley Naimi, Alvaro Munoz
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Maryam Nazemipour, Ashley Naimi, Gary S. Collins, Michael J. Campbell
Summary: Statistical estimates have uncertainty due to sampling variability, and robust standard errors can address violations of model assumptions, often used in clinical papers.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Julie M. Petersen, Ashley Naimi, Sharon Kirkpatrick, Lisa M. Bodnar
Summary: Vegetable-rich diets are associated with reduced cases of SGA birth, preterm birth, and preeclampsia, but not gestational diabetes. The weighting scheme for the HEI components needs to be evaluated for pregnancy.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2022)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ashley Naimi, Brian W. Whitcomb
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Ashley Naimi, Brian W. Whitcomb
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Brian W. Whitcomb, Ashley Naimi
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)