Article
Psychology
Jacob L. Orquin, Erik S. Lahm, Hrvoje Stojic
Summary: Visual factors, such as central positioning of information, larger surface size, decreased set size of competing elements, and increased visual salience, play a significant role in determining attention compared to cognitive factors like preference, task instructions, and ultimately chosen options. Understanding real-world decision making requires an integration of both visual and cognitive factors in future theories of attention and decision making.
PSYCHOLOGICAL BULLETIN
(2021)
Editorial Material
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alessandro Benedetto, Igor Kagan
Summary: When fixating an object, our eyes do not remain stationary but constantly drift, and it was previously believed that this drift was random and involuntary. However, a recent study has found that the direction of eye drift is not random but is influenced by task demands to enhance performance.
Article
Psychology, Experimental
Agnes Rosner, Michael Schaffner, Bettina von Helversen
Summary: Memory plays a significant role in judgment and decision making (JDM), influencing eye movements and attention allocation. Different sources of activation, such as memory-driven attention and salient visual stimuli, guide looking-at-nothing behavior in JDM. Explicit instructions to imagine retrieval-relevant information during categorizations can increase looking-at-nothing without affecting the decision-making process.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-GENERAL
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudia Lunghi, Arezoo Pooresmaeili
Summary: The study investigates whether monetary value can influence conscious access to rewarding stimuli using the b-CFS paradigm. Results show that monetary value accelerates the access to visual awareness during CFS and shortens suppression durations for stimuli associated with high monetary reward compared to low monetary reward.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Ioannis Delis, Robin A. A. Ince, Paul Sajda, Qi Wang
Summary: This study investigated how the human brain processes multisensory information during perceptual judgments, revealing a multisensory enhancement of neural representations of active sensing leading to faster and more accurate decisions. Furthermore, interactions between different sensory representations were identified, contributing to the prediction of multisensory decision-making performance.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Ana Filipa Silva, Jose Afonso, Antonio Sampaio, Nuno Pimenta, Ricardo Franco Lima, Henrique de Oliveira Castro, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, Israel Teoldo, Hugo Sarmento, Francisco Gonzalez Fernandez, Agnieszka Kaczmarek, Anna Oniszczuk, Eugenia Murawska-Cialowicz
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in visual search behavior between experts and novices in team sports athletes. The analysis of 22 studies found that the distinction between experts and novices was not clear in the variables analyzed, possibly due to the different strategies chosen in each study. This indicates the need for more research in this field to address this issue.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Leonora C. Coppens, Christine E. S. Postema, Anne Schuler, Katharina Scheiter, Tamara van Gog
Summary: Learning to categorize involves attending to relevant features and ignoring irrelevant features, with feature variability across objects aiding in inferring category membership rules. While participants' categorization accuracy improved with practice, their attentional focus did not show improvement. Despite eyes being a salient feature attracting attention, participants gradually learned to ignore them during the learning process.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James E. Niemeyer, Seth Akers-Campbell, Aaron Gregoire, Michael A. Paradiso
Summary: The study found that real saccadic eye movements affect neural activity and perceptual sensitivity in V1, with low spatial frequency stimuli showing reduced sensitivity and activity compared to simulated saccades, while higher spatial frequency stimuli showed increased sensitivity and activity. This suggests that signals related to saccades alter V1 spiking activity to increase neural independence and bias towards processing higher spatial frequencies for object recognition.
Article
Biology
Allison T. Goldstein, Terrence R. Stanford, Emilio Salinas
Summary: Oculomotor circuits take into consideration exogenous and endogenous influences to complete target selection. In high urgency conditions, the exogenous signal arrives approximately -80 ms after the cue onset, accelerating the incorrect plan towards the cue, while the informed endogenous signal arrives slightly later, favoring the correct plan away from the cue. The exogenous response is largely unaffected by task instructions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jennifer Talley, Siddhant Pusdekar, Aaron Feltenberger, Natalie Ketner, Johnny Evers, Molly Liu, Atishy Gosh, Stephanie E. Palmer, Trevor J. Wardill, Paloma T. Gonzalez-Bellido
Summary: Internal predictions about the sensory consequences of self-motion are common in animals, including fruit flies, dragonflies, and humans. However, predicting the future location of an independently moving external target requires an internal model. In this study, we demonstrate that the robber fly Laphria saffrana also uses predictive gaze control when tracking potential prey, in order to differentiate beetles from other flying insects with a low spatial resolution retina.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shawn M. Willett, J. Patrick Mayo
Summary: Reliable and noninvasive biomarkers are important for neurological diagnoses. Microsaccades, small eye movements, have been proposed as a biomarker for attention, but their direction may not accurately reflect covert spatial attention in complex viewing conditions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert G. Alexander, Ashwin Venkatakrishnan, Jordi Chanovas, Stephen L. Macknik, Susana Martinez-Conde
Summary: Research shows that microsaccade dynamics contribute to Troxler fading and intensification, even when viewing representational art. Observers' eye movements play a role in the cornerstone of Impressionism.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Psychology, Mathematical
Michelle M. Ramey, John M. Henderson, Andrew P. Yonelinas
Summary: This study examined eye movements during a change detection task and found that perceiving-based change detection was associated with revisiting highly changed scene regions and clustered eye movements. Sensing-based or unconscious change detection did not show the same patterns.
PSYCHONOMIC BULLETIN & REVIEW
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Theory & Methods
Tiago Veiga, Jennifer Renoux
Summary: This article discusses traditional decision-theoretic planning and recent research on information gathering. It points out the limitation of traditional models in rewarding agents based on their knowledge of the environment. The article categorizes existing methods and suggests future research directions.
ACM COMPUTING SURVEYS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Pablo Navalon, Manuel Perea, Pilar Benavent, Pilar Sierra, Alberto Dominguez, Carmen Iranzo, Elena Serrano-Lozano, Belen Almansa, Ana Garcia-Blanco
Summary: The study found that individuals with schizophrenia exhibit longer gaze duration and higher percentage of total fixations and total duration towards threatening scenes compared to non-social ones. This indicates an attentional bias towards threatening scenes in terms of attentional maintenance and engagement, but not in initial orienting.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Andrea Gajardo-Vidal, Maxime Montembeault, Diego L. Lorca-Puls, Abigail E. Licata, Rian Bogley, Sabrina Erlhoff, Buddhika Ratnasiri, Zoe Ezzes, Giovanni Battistella, Elena Tsoy, Christa Watson Pereira, Jessica Deleon, Boon Lead Tee, Maya L. Henry, Zachary A. Miller, Katherine P. Rankin, Maria Luisa Mandelli, Katherine L. Possin, Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
Summary: This study investigates the potential differences in processing speed and neural correlates among the three variants of Primary Progressive Aphasia (PPA). The findings reveal that non-verbal cognitive abilities, such as processing speed, are significantly impacted in nfvPPA and lvPPA patients compared to healthy controls and svPPA patients. Neuroimaging results confirm the importance of fronto-parietal regions associated with processing speed and executive control.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Holger Wiese, Tsvetomila Popova, Maya Schipper, Deni Zakriev, Mike Burton, Andrew W. Young
Summary: Previous experiments have shown that brief exposure to unfamiliar individuals leads to the formation of new facial representations, which undergo changes and consolidation within the first day after learning.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Astrid Prochnow, Xianzhen Zhou, Foroogh Ghorbani, Paul Wendiggensen, Veit Roessner, Bernhard Hommel, Christian Beste
Summary: Individuals organize events in their environment by partitioning them into discrete units. This study reveals that the neural activity in the brain plays a critical role in this process, reflecting the key elements of event segmentation.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zhenzhen Huo, Zhiyi Chen, Rong Zhang, Junye Xu, Tingyong Feng
Summary: Procrastination has adverse effects on personal growth and social development. Reward sensitivity is positively correlated with procrastination. This study used VBM and RSFC analyses to investigate the neural substrates underlying the association between reward sensitivity and procrastination. The results showed that the functional connectivity of the right parahippocampal gyrus-precuneus mediated the relationship between reward sensitivity and procrastination.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Stefano Lasaponara, Gabriele Scozia, Silvana Lozito, Mario Pinto, David Conversi, Marco Costanzi, Tim Vriens, Massimo Silvetti, Fabrizio Doricchi
Summary: Cholinergic (Ach), Noradrenergic (NE), and Dopaminergic (DA) pathways are crucial in regulating spatial attention and determining inter-individual differences in temperamental traits. This study found that temperamental traits predict individual differences in the ability to orient spatial attention based on the probabilistic association between cues and targets. These findings highlight the importance of considering temperamental and personality traits in social and professional environments where attention control is essential.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Darren J. Yeo, Courtney Pollack, Benjamin N. Conrad, Gavin R. Price
Summary: The processing of numerals as visual objects is supported by an Inferior Temporal Numeral Area (ITNA) in the bilateral inferior temporal gyri (ITG). Extant findings suggest some degree of hemispheric asymmetry in how the bilateral ITNAs process numerals. The study found that digit sensitivity did not differ between ITNAs, and digit sensitivity in both left and right ITNAs was associated with calculation skills. The study also revealed a right lateralization in engagement in alphanumeric categorization, and that the right ITNA showed greater discriminability between digits and letters.
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Beste Gulsuna, Abuzer Gungor, Alp O. Borcer, Ugur Ture
Summary: The fiber dissection technique has been used to study the internal structures of the brain, with less focus on white matter. The sagittal stratum, a white matter structure, has not received enough attention and has been a subject of controversy. Recent studies suggest potential functions of the sagittal stratum, emphasizing the importance of understanding this structure accurately.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Nora Geiser, Brigitte Charlotte Kaufmann, Samuel Elia Johannes Knobel, Dario Cazzoli, Tobias Nef, Thomas Nyffeler
Summary: This study compared the effects of auditory and visual motion stimulation on spatial neglect and found that both interventions were equally effective in improving neglect. Multimodal motion stimulation also improved neglect, but did not show greater improvement than unimodal auditory or visual motion stimulation alone.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Anna E. Hughes, Anna Nowakowska, Alasdair D. F. Clarke
Summary: This study examines the relationship between search slopes and search efficiency in visual search tasks, introduces the Target Contrast Signal (TCS) Theory, and extends it to a Bayesian multi-level framework. The findings demonstrate that TCS can predict data well, but distinguishing between contrast combination models proves to be difficult.