Article
Engineering, Civil
Dejun Zhang, Suwen Chen, Yujia Lu, Xing Chen
Summary: This study conducted experiments comparing the structural performance of aluminum-reinforced and unreinforced glass beams, finding that reinforced beams have better flexural performance, different failure modes, and suggesting the need for further research on potential overestimation in previous analytical models. The feasibility of the conservative prediction using the M-N method was also proposed.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Mario Jelec, Hrvoje Draganic, Goran Gazic, Sanja Lukic
Summary: Laboratory static bending tests were conducted to determine the residual load-bearing capacities of retrofitted and un-retrofitted RC slabs after blast. Three different retrofit systems were used and their contribution to strength and stiffness was evaluated. The results showed that all retrofit systems enhanced the residual strength and stiffness capacities, with the system consisting of two layers of chopped-strand glass mat providing the highest contribution.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Alexander B. Sturm, Phillip Visintin
Summary: In reinforced concrete elements, tension-stiffening plays a significant role in deflections and crack-widths at the serviceability limit and plastic hinge rotation at the ultimate limit. However, there is limited testing on the bond between larger diameter reinforcement and UHPFRC and its impact on tension-stiffening and concrete cracking. This study conducts bond and tension-stiffening tests on ultra-high performance concretes to develop a bond stress slip relationship applicable to both pre- and post-yield, and shows that the new bond model can predict tension-stiffening and crack-widths.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2023)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Alexander B. Sturm, Phillip Visintin
Summary: Tension-stiffening significantly affects the behavior of reinforced concrete elements and is particularly important in ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete. However, there is a lack of testing on the bond between larger diameter reinforcement and UHPFRC and its impact on tension-stiffening.
STRUCTURAL CONCRETE
(2023)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Bora Pulatsu, Ece Erdogmus, Paulo B. Lourenco, Jose Lemos, Kagan Tuncay
Summary: In this study, a numerical investigation on the fracture mechanism of tension stiffening phenomenon in reinforced concrete members is conducted using the discrete element method. The proposed modeling strategy successfully captures the concrete-steel interaction and provides an accurate estimation of the macro behavior. Valuable inferences are made regarding discontinuum analysis of reinforced concrete members, including concrete-steel interaction and their macro behavior.
COMPUTATIONAL PARTICLE MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Le Teng, Rongling Zhang, Kamal Henri Khayat
Summary: The study aimed to develop a model for predicting the deflection of cracked reinforced ultra-high performance concrete (R-UHPC) beams, validated through finite element analysis (FEA) and comparison with experimental results, with relative error controlled within 15%. The model demonstrates practicality and accuracy, offering a simpler and more time-efficient alternative compared to conventional ACI code and FEA methods.
Article
Mechanics
Guoxiong Chen, Ru An, Jianfei Xu, Shihua Fu
Summary: In this study, a model was developed to predict tension stiffening in FRP RC beams with different reinforcement ratios. By introducing a correction factor, the model successfully corrected the results of finite element analysis and matched the experimental results. Uneven distributions in the strain of FRP bars were also observed in the study.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Kumar Avadh, Punyawut Jiradilok, E. John Bolander, Kohei Nagai
Summary: Corrosion-induced bond degradation leads to changes in deformation characteristics, cracking patterns, and loss in tension stiffening in structural members. This study successfully integrates corrosion expansion and bond degradation models into a discrete analysis framework to simulate post-corrosion loss of tension stiffening. The simulated results are consistent with experimental results, and the decrease in stress transfer from reinforcing bar to concrete due to corrosion is directly observed.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Mechanics
Hezi Y. Grisaro
Summary: In this paper, a mechanical model is developed to simulate the behavior of 1D plain reinforced concrete (RC) and fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) members subjected to uniaxial tension, considering the development of discrete cracks. The model is more general than previous ones as it can utilize any loading scheme, constitutive laws or boundary conditions. It is validated and shown to be capable of simulating FRC members and incorporating the contribution of fibers in bridging residual tensile forces over the cracks. The influence of fiber volume on the global structural behavior of FRC members is discussed.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mohammad Momeen Ul Islam
Summary: This study presents the time-dependent tensile behavior of Ultra-High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete (UHPFRC) and explores the tension deformation mechanism and crack propagation behavior in long-term serviceability. A novel testing method was introduced using a newly designed testing rig to overcome limitations found in previous research. The study found that sustained tensile loads significantly affected crack propagation in UHPFRC and conducted tests to determine material properties. The findings provide insights into the behavior of UHPFRC under long-term conditions.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Mahmoud Nawar, Hani Salim, Michael Newberry, Alaa El-Sisi
Summary: The study investigated the dynamic constitutive behavior of PVB and UVEKOL-S in laminated glass under different strain rates, and found noticeable differences in their response to failure at a strain rate of 30-40 s(-1). The results suggest that dynamic loading significantly affects the interlayer materials' energy absorption characteristics, thus impacting the blast response of laminated glass panels.
CONSTRUCTION AND BUILDING MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Polymer Science
Jonathan T. Knight, Alaa A. El-Sisi, Ahmed H. Elbelbisi, Michael Newberry, Hani A. Salim
Summary: The impact of environmental effects on the mechanical properties of polymer interlayer materials was studied in this paper. Different materials exhibited varying degrees of sensitivity to environmental conditions.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Petr Konrad, Petr Hala, Jaroslav Schmidt, Alena Zemanova, Radoslav Sovjak
Summary: The study revealed that glass specimens could withstand ballistic loading and perform well in subsequent loading. The quality of glass edges was more important than ballistic damage, with negligible impact from front-plate damage and significant influence from back-plate damage.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Yifan Su, Jing Yang, Xuanlun Wang, Yong Ma, Duo Pan, Sravanthi Vupputuri
Summary: A Surlyn resin ionic interlayer was prepared and compared with SGP and PVB interlayers, showing better performance than PVB and potential as a replacement for SGP in laminated glass applications.
ADVANCED COMPOSITES AND HYBRID MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Theodoros A. Chrysanidis, Vassilis P. Panoskaltsis
Summary: The safe design of modern structures against earthquake excitation is a worldwide concern for consultant engineers due to the random nature of crack formation in reinforced concrete members. Predicting crack characteristics, such as crack width and spacing, remains a challenge, and further research is needed on cracking behavior in highly-strained members during earthquakes. Test results are being used to develop an empirical equation to forecast the quantity of cracks and their characteristics, while an analytical investigation aims to predict the average width of cracks.
CASE STUDIES IN CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
(2022)
Correction
Construction & Building Technology
Adam J. Nizich, Laura Galuppi
GLASS STRUCTURES & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Giovanni Migliaccio, Reginald Des Roches, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: Carbon-NanoTube Fibers (CNTFs) have great potential for challenging structural applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio. This paper presents a theoretical model to describe the mechanical response of stretched and twisted strands/cables made of CNTFs. The model can provide a foundation for future experimental studies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Roberto Ballarini, Claudio Boni, Gianni Royer Carfagni
Summary: The mechanical properties of nacre, which are superior to its constituent materials, are derived from a micro-architecture formed by the arrangement of aragonite tiles with surface asperities bonded by organic interlayers. A mechanical model is developed to study the effects of contact profile on the constitutive response of hierarchical metamaterials. The model not only agrees well with experimental results, but also describes complex stress-strain curves, demonstrating its potential as a design tool for innovative metamaterials.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICS AND PHYSICS OF SOLIDS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Claudio Boni, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: Any seismic retrofitting plan on historical monuments must adhere to the principles of minimal intervention, recognizability, and reversibility. A feasibility study proposes a new type of glass-based bracing suitable for strengthening soft storeys with colonnades. The bracing, a laminated glass pane confined by a thin steel frame, offers stiffness, slimness, and transparency while being recognizable and reversible. The study also addresses important aspects such as stress concentration, correct placement, and connection to the existing structure, showing that a well-designed and positioned bracing system can enhance seismic capacity with minimal visual impact.
ENGINEERING STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudio Boni, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: Flextegrity lattices are spatial grids composed of stiff segments kept in contact by compliant pre-tensioned tendons. They are sensitive to the orientation of the segments and the shape of the pitch surfaces of the contact joints. The theoretical predictions are compared with experimental results on 3D-printed physical models. Extensions are discussed for lattices with different arrangements and multi-stable contact joints.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Laura Galuppi, Annalisa Franco, Chiara Bedon
Summary: The evaluation of thermally induced stresses and strains is a critical issue in the design of structural glass elements in buildings. Thermal stresses are one of the main causes of premature failure in glass due to its sensitivity to temperature gradients. Existing standards prescribe different methods for calculating temperature fields and the resulting stress, often based on simplifying assumptions, and lack uniformly defined procedures.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Laura Galuppi, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: Breakages in architectural glazing are often caused by thermal stress resulting from uneven heating of the glass pane. A 3D approach is necessary to calculate the stress, although thermal analyses assume temperature homogeneity in the plane. In this study, a semi-analytical formulation based on Biot's variational principle for heat transfer is presented to accurately assess the temperature field in non-uniformly irradiated glazing.
GLASS STRUCTURES & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Review
Construction & Building Technology
Markus Feldmann, Maximilian Laurs, Jan Belis, Nebosja Buljan, Annie Criaud, Eric Dupont, Martina Eliasova, Laura Galuppi, Paavo Hassinen, Ruth Kasper, Christian Louter, Giampiero Manara, Anne Minne, Tim Morgan, Gabriele Pisano, Mauro Overend, Gianni Royer-Carfagni, Jens Schneider, Gregor Schwind, Christian Schuler, Geralt Siebert, Anna Sikynova
Summary: Since the beginning of 2021, CEN/TS 19100 Design of Glass Structures has been released in its first three parts, with the fourth part expected soon. This Technical Specification serves as a pre-standard for the future Eurocode and is the first comprehensive design code for structural glass engineering in the European market. It is compatible with EN 1990 Basis of Design and addresses glass-specific design matters. The standard allows European countries to adapt the design results to their own safety level through National Determined Parameters.
GLASS STRUCTURES & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Luca Viviani, Mario Di Paola, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: This paper proposes an approximation of the polymer relaxation curve using continuously-connected power law branches and extends the Grunwald-Letnikov integration scheme for fractional differential equations. Numerical results show excellent correspondence with experiments under long duration loads. Compared to the classic Prony series approach, this method simplifies the calibration of material parameters and is computationally more efficient and stable.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Laura Galuppi, Vincenzo Andrea Muratore
Summary: The paper presents a solid-mechanics based method for determining the macroscopic tensile properties of fibers composed of monodispersed Carbon NanoTubes (CNTs). The model takes into account the offset arrangement of CNTs in a cross-sectional square lattice, their deformable elastic behavior, and the coupling occurring on their lateral surfaces. By solving a delayed-advanced differential equation using finite difference technique, the effective tensile stiffness of the fiber can be evaluated based on the length of the constituent CNTs, their offset, and their axial compliance. The proposed approach is validated through comparisons with literature data.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Laura Galuppi, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: This paper proposes a dedicated thermo-elastic model for the stress state resulting from non-uniform temperature distribution in architectural glass panes. The model overcomes the limitations of standardized prescriptions, simplified practical rules, and general-purpose thermal softwares not interfaced with a structural analysis. It is based on Biot's variational principle for heat transfer and implemented using a finite element framework.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Mechanics
Domenico Magisano, Leonardo Leonetti, Giovanni Garcea, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: Solid-shell models are developed for the nonlinear analysis of multi-layered composite structures. The proposed approach is based on a geometrically exact solid-shell finite element model with one element per layer. An alternative solid-shell model with fewer parameters is derived by imposing equal finite rotation of the stiff layers and enforcing the plane stress condition. Extensive numerical examples for laminated glass plates and curved shells are provided to validate the proposed models.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Laura Galuppi, Enrico Zacchei
Summary: This study analytically solves the problem of insulating glass units under loading conditions and proposes an engineering approach for their design. Comparisons with finite element analysis confirm the accuracy of the proposed method.
THIN-WALLED STRUCTURES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Claudio Boni, Gianni Royer-Carfagni
Summary: In this article, Leonardo da Vinci's ingenious masonry structure presented in Codex Atlanticus is introduced. The structure consists of segments in the shape of inverted triangles, assembled by contact in a chain. By connecting the segments through elastic tendons, a new type of flextegrity beam is formed. The system involves both rotational and sliding types of deformation, which is theoretically analyzed and experimentally confirmed.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Keyu Zhu, Xitao Zheng, Jing Peng, Jiaming Sun, Ruilin Huang, Leilei Yan
Summary: This paper discusses the influence of multiple impacts on the compression strength of honeycomb sandwich structures with composite face sheets. It is found that the size of the impactor affects the turning point of the compression strength. Additionally, high impact energy leads to damage in the bottom face sheet and reduces the overall compression strength.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Danqian Wang, Yanfei Yue, Jueshi Qian
Summary: Magnesium Potassium Phosphate Cement (MKPC) as a binder for steel rebars shows improved corrosion resistance when subjected to carbonation, due to the increase in pH and the formation of a more protective oxide film.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zhibin Li, Wenyu Wang, Pengcheng Xue, Xingyu Wei, Jian Xiong
Summary: This work proposes a design approach and manufacturing method for carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) corrugated sandwich truncated cones (CSTC) to improve their anti-debonding ability and ensure reliability. The study establishes theoretical models for CSTCs' stiffness and failure modes, which are verified through experiments and finite element analysis (FEA). The research reveals the effect of geometric parameters on failure modes and performs an optimal design for CSTC structures. The findings have significant implications for the design and application of lightweight CSTCs in constructions, such as launch vehicle adapters.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mingyu Zhang, Lei Chu, Jiahua Chen, Fuxun Qi, Xiaoyan Li, Xinliang Chen, Deng-Guang Yu
Summary: This review summarizes the different structures and construction methods of fibrous membranes with asymmetric wettability. It also reviews the biological applications of these membranes and suggests future challenges.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
E. Mofakhami, L. Gervat, B. Fayolle, G. Miquelard-Garnier, C. Ovalle, L. Laiarinandrasana
Summary: This study investigates the effects of fibre concentration on the mechanical response of welded glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GF-PP). Experimental observations reveal a significant reduction in weld ratio, up to 60%, indicating a decreased strength compared to the bulk material. Increasing fibre content in the welded material results in a decrease in stress at break and strain at the maximum stress. The use of DIC technique and X-ray microtomography further confirms the localized strain amplification in the welded zone due to the significant increase in fibre density.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Emad Pourahmadi, Farjad Shadmehri, Rajamohan Ganesan
Summary: This research compares the mechanical properties of laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement and conventional autoclave curing methods. The results show that laminates manufactured using automated fiber placement have a lower interlaminar shear strength compared to laminates reconsolidated using autoclave curing. A finite element simulation method is proposed to quantitatively analyze these differences.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Johnny Jakobsen, Benny Endelt, Fahimeh Shakibapour
Summary: This study proposes a new bolted/pinned joining method for composite applications, which improves load transfer by introducing a patch-type reinforcement. Experimental results demonstrate significant improvements in both static and fatigue load conditions compared to existing methods. Finite element simulations highlight the advantage of this method, as it creates a more efficient load-transferring mechanism through different stress distributions.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Gisele G. Cintra, Janine D. Vieira, Daniel C. T. Cardoso, Thomas Keller
Summary: This paper proposes a novel approach to assess multi-crack behavior in layered fiber-polymer composites. The generated Compliance and R-curves provide useful insights into understanding the multiple delamination process and allow for separate evaluation of strain energy release rate (SERR) for each crack. The developed cohesive zone model successfully simulates the failure process zone of three parallel cracks, showing good agreement between the numerical model and experimental results.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Renil Thomas Kidangan, Sreedhar Unnikrishnakurup, C. Krishnamurthy, Krishnan Balasubramaniam
Summary: The induction heating process can accurately identify fiber orientation and stacking order, making it a valuable tool for large-area inspection and quality control in manufacturing fiber-reinforced composites.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Sungjun Hwang, Yousoo Han, Douglas J. Gardner
Summary: Bleached Kraft pulp, unbleached Kraft pulp, and old corrugated cardboard pulp are suitable for producing cellulose nanofibril suspensions. Spray drying is a fast, simple, cost-effective, and scalable drying method. Spray-dried cellulose nanofibrils can be used as reinforcing materials in polypropylene matrices. The particle size of cellulose nanofibrils affects the material properties.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Mehdi Mahdavi, Abbas Zolfaghari
Summary: This study aims to improve the recovery forces of shape memory polymers (SMPs) through material extrusion additive manufacturing. By using glass fiber (GF) as reinforcement and manufacturing multi-layer composite specimens, it was found that PLA with 6.62% GF exhibited the best recovery force, which was further optimized through annealing heat treatment.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Xiang Ao, Antonio Vazquez-Lopez, Davide Mocerino, Carlos Gonzalez, De-Yi Wang
Summary: The vulnerability of natural fibers to heat and fire poses a significant challenge for their substitution of traditional fiber reinforcements in composite materials. Natural fiber/polymer composites (NFCs) are regarded as potential candidates for engineering applications due to their environmental friendliness and low-impact sourcing. Thus, appropriate approaches need to be implemented to enhance the fire safety of NFCs. This review summarizes and discusses the latest understanding of flammability and thermal properties of natural fibers, with a special focus on their interaction with polymer matrix in fire behavior. Additionally, the latest developments in flame-retardant approaches for NFCs are reviewed, covering both flame retardancy and fire structural integrity. Finally, future prospects and perspectives on fire safety of NFCs are proposed, providing insights into further advancements of NFCs.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Cheng Wang, Siqi Huo, Guofeng Ye, Bingtao Wang, Zhenghong Guo, Qi Zhang, Pingan Song, Hao Wang, Zhitian Liu
Summary: The demand for multifunctional, transparent epoxy resin with superior dielectric, mechanical, and fire-safety performances is increasing in modern industries. Researchers have developed an epoxidized, phosphaphenanthrene-containing poly(styrene butadiene styrene) (ESD) for advanced fire-safe epoxy resin, which maintains high transparency and improves UV-blocking property. The addition of 10 wt% ESD results in improved mechanical properties, decreased dielectric constant and loss, and outperformance compared to other fire-safe epoxy resins. This research provides an effective method for developing multifunctional flame-retardant epoxy resin.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Bo Pang, Heping Zheng, Zuquan Jin, Dongshuai Hou, Yunsheng Zhang, Xiaoyun Song, Yanan Sun, Zhiyong Liu, Wei She, Lin Yang, Mengyuan Li
Summary: This study develops an internal superhydrophobic material (ISM) using waste denitrification fly ash, which maintains stable hydrophobicity under harsh conditions of use and does not rely on expensive fluor-based surface modifications. The synthesized ISM has excellent matrix strength, strong waterproof properties, and retains superhydrophobicity even at damaged or friction interfaces.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Meirbek Mussatayev, Qiuji Yi, Mark Fitzgerald, Vincent K. Maes, Paul Wilcox, Robert Hughes
Summary: Real-time monitoring of carbon fibre composites during Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) manufacturing remains a challenge for non-destructive evaluation (NDE) techniques. This study designed a directional eddy-current (EC) probe to evaluate the detectability of out-of-plane wrinkles. Experimental evaluations and finite element modeling were conducted to better understand the relationship between eddy-current density and defect detection. The findings suggest that the probe configuration with an asymmetric driver coil and differential pickup coils shows the best capability for wrinkle detection.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2024)
