Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
D. Del Rossi, V. Cadran, P. Thakur, M. Palardy-Sim, M. Lapalme, L. Lessard
Summary: The Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) process is an efficient manufacturing method for large and complex composite structures, but it may introduce defects such as misaligned tows. Experimental results show that compression strength is more critical than tension strength, and the configuration of defects significantly affects the results.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Mohamed M. A. Ammar, Bijan Shirinzadeh, Pan Zhao, Yaoyao Shi
Summary: Integrating steel fibers into carbon fiber-reinforced polymers creates a novel material with unique properties, showing potential for significant contributions to the aviation industry. The study introduces a new failure approach to predict internal damage behavior in metal/carbon hybrid composites, validated through finite element analysis.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Yipeng Tang, Qing Wang, Liang Cheng, Jiangxiong Li, Yinglin Ke
Summary: In this study, a two-stage segmentation method called AFP-Seg was proposed for defect detection in the automated fiber placement process. By projecting and clustering point clouds, this method can provide detailed information about defect types, sizes, and positions.
COMPOSITE STRUCTURES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Panpan Niu, Hui Mao, Khak Ho Lim, Qingyue Wang, Wen-Jun Wang, Xuan Yang
Summary: Through a specially designed coaxial wet-spinning process, hollow fibers made of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) with a tunable diameter and length similar to cotton fibers were prepared. These hollow fibers exhibit superior mechanical properties and 10 times higher water absorption compared to lyocell fibers. This study provides insights into the hierarchical design of natural materials and the assembly of nanoscale building blocks.
Article
Polymer Science
Emine Feyza Sukur, Sinem Elmas, Volkan Eskizeybek, Hatice S. Sas, Mehmet Yildiz
Summary: In this study, the effects of AFP process parameters and process-induced defects on the mechanical performance of CF/PEKK composites under a hot-wet aging environment were investigated. It was found that the aging process resulted in a mass gain of 0.2 wt% and an increase in the degree of crystallization by almost 14%, while the thermo-mechanical performance decreased by approximately 25%. The impact of gap and overlap defects on the service life of AFP composites can be minimized by using higher compaction forces (600 N) and lower lay-up speeds (0.1 m/s).
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Ozan Celik, S. M. Amin Hosseini, Ismet Baran, Wouter J. B. Grouve, Remko Akkerman, Daniel M. J. Peeters, Julie J. E. Teuwen, Clemens A. Dransfeld
Summary: This study experimentally and numerically investigated the effect of thermal contact resistance on temperature during laser-assisted fiber placement. The results showed that increasing the compaction force can reduce the temperature at the roller exit and shorten the cooling phase, leading to a higher final degree of intimate contact. The influence of laser power on the final degree of intimate contact was found to be less significant compared to the compaction force.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Diana Elizabeth Burden, Timothy Michael Harrell, Hans William Hudyncia, David Charles Roache, Morgan Claire Price, Edward J. Lahoda, Jorie L. Walters, Benjamin R. Maier, Xiaodong Li
Summary: The internal stress states of Optimized ZIRLO samples are influenced by chromium coatings, oxidation, and microstructural reorienting. Chromium coatings can reduce stress states at low temperatures and maintain a simpler stress state at high temperatures, ensuring the crucial geometric shape is maintained.
JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Ke Xu, Xiaozhong Hao, Jingming Lin
Summary: This paper proposes a digital image deconvolution algorithm to address the trade-off issue in automated fibre placement (AFP), resulting in globally optimal tow path planning for complex surface laminates, providing a new approach for AFP path planning.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Bo-Wen Chen, De-Wei Ni, Chun-Jing Liao, You-Lin Jiang, Jun Lu, Yu-Sheng Ding, Hong-Da Wang, Shao-Ming Dong
Summary: The study discussed and revealed the mechanisms of fibers degradation and matrix cracks formation in 2D-C-f/ZrB2-SiC composites fabricated by a joint processing of slurry infiltration and hot pressing. A potential solution to mitigate these issues was proposed based on the revealed microstructure evolution mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Duc H. Nguyen, Xiaochuan Sun, Iryna Tretiak, Mario A. Valverde, James Kratz
Summary: Deposition defects in automated fibre placement (AFP) can be reduced by identifying and reacting to defects in real-time during deposition. This study augmented an AFP process with profilometry sensors and software control to demonstrate the concept. The experiment revealed that the observe-think-react concept in AFP is feasible and can lead to improvements in material microstructure and waviness in the final cured laminate.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Fan Zhang, Xin Liu, Yaoyao Ye, Qisen Chen, Qiang Xu, Yunbo Bi
Summary: Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) technology is efficient and accurate, making it suitable for manufacturing composite structures with complex geometry. However, the imperfections caused by this automated method pose challenges to the stability of the composite's mechanical properties. This study experimentally investigates the influence of AFP-induced gaps and overlaps on interlaminar fracture in oven-cured laminates. The findings show that the fracture toughness of the laminates is slightly reduced in the presence of gaps, but significantly increased in the presence of overlaps. Fractographic studies reveal that the increased fracture area and crack length improve the fracture toughness in the overlap group, while the resin-rich area induced by gaps negatively affects delamination resistance.
CHINESE JOURNAL OF AERONAUTICS
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Mohamed M. A. Ammar, Bijan Shirinzadeh
Summary: The effect of the robotic fiber placement (RFP) process on induced residual stresses (RSs) in thermoset composites is investigated in this study. It is found that changes in process parameters could significantly affect the induced RSs of the composites.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Manufacturing
Matthew J. Donough, Shafaq, Nigel A. St John, Andrew W. Philips, B. Gangadhara Prusty
Summary: Thermoplastic composites offer advantages in terms of mechanical performance, thermoformability, and recyclability compared to thermoset composites. There is growing interest in these materials due to advancements in automated fibre placement and out-of-autoclave in-situ consolidation. However, concerns remain regarding manufacturing defects, such as voids and poor interlaminar bonding, which have hindered wider adoption of in-situ consolidated thermoplastic composites. Process modelling is a valuable tool for understanding and predicting defect development during in-situ consolidation, and this review paper discusses different approaches and material models used by researchers. The current limitations and future directions of process modelling for in-situ consolidation are also explored.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Mechanical
Jinlong He, Xiaodong Cui, Jim Lua, Ling Liu
Summary: This study investigates the effects of thermal residual stresses (TRS) and microvoids on the mechanical properties of fiber-reinforced composites. Results reveal the interplay between TRS and microvoids in determining the mechanical properties and failure mechanisms of composites.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
V Popineau, A. Celino, M. Peron, C. Baley, A. Le Duigou
Summary: This article investigates the development and evolution of hygroscopic stresses within flax/ Polypropylene + Maleic Anhydride grafted Polypropylene (PP + MAPP) asymmetric biocomposites under various high humidity environments, and explores the effects of cycling periods and relative humidity levels on damage development.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2022)
Correction
Engineering, Manufacturing
E. R. Pierik, W. J. B. Grouve, S. Wijskamp, R. Akkerman
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
A. N. Vu, W. J. B. Grouve, R. Akkerman
Summary: Overbraiding is an efficient manufacturing process for complex composite preforms. Process simulations with a new yarn interaction model are used to predict the braid angle and coverage of braid reinforced products. Validations and numerical tests show that the braid angle and convergence zone length are affected by the coefficient of friction until reaching a steady state.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Polymer Science
Kuan Chen, Liangyong Chu, Wouter J. B. Grouve, Erik G. de Vries, Remko Akkerman, Ningzhong Bao, Matthijn B. de Rooij
Summary: A simple method based on an air bubble on a substrate in molten thermoplastic is proposed to measure the contact angle between thermoplastics and solid surfaces. This method is suitable for high viscosity and high melting point thermoplastics.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jagadeesh N. Swamy, Wouter J. B. Grouve, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Remko Akkerman
Summary: The current study focuses on understanding the role of different void removal mechanisms in VBO processing of advanced thermoplastic composites. Two commercially available Carbon/Poly-Ether-Ketone-Ketone (C/PEKK) tape materials were evaluated, showing variations in void reduction and removal mechanisms due to differences in diffusion behavior and gas volume that needs to be removed.
JOURNAL OF REINFORCED PLASTICS AND COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Jagadeesh N. Swamy, Wouter J. B. Grouve, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Remko Akkerman
Summary: This study explores the possibility of two-step automated fiber placement and vacuum-bag-only consolidation for advanced thermoplastic composites. Two commercially available carbon fiber reinforced Poly-Ether-Ketone-Ketone (C/PEKK) thermoplastic tapes were evaluated, and in-plane air evacuation channels were created by deliberately introducing gaps between the tapes in the preforms. The results show that the VBO consolidation of preforms with and without gaps yielded good consolidation quality, and the presence of gaps possibly helps accelerate the gas evacuation process.
JOURNAL OF THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Georgios Kafkopoulos, Vanessa M. Marinosci, Joost Duvigneau, Wouter J. B. Grouve, Sebastiaan Wijskamp, Matthijn B. de Rooij, G. Julius Vancso, Remko Akkerman
Summary: This work presents a high-performance composite adhesive system that achieves strong adhesion and high interfacial toughness in metal-polymer bonding. By applying SiPDA layers on the titanium surface, the interfacial fracture toughness is significantly improved and durable bond stability is maintained after hot/wet conditioning. These findings suggest that polydopamine-based coatings have great potential to achieve stable interfaces in the next generation of high-performance metal-polymer hybrid materials.
ADVANCED MATERIALS INTERFACES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Ton Bor, Marijn de Leede, Freek Deunk, Jesper Lind, Wout Lievestro, Henk-Jan Smit, Rob Aries, Vishal Dolas, Nick Helthuis, Martin Luckabauer, Remko Akkerman
Summary: The Friction Screw Extrusion Additive Manufacturing (FSEAM) process is a newly created process for additive manufacturing of low weight-high strength aluminum and magnesium alloys in the solid state. The study focused on the influence of the feed ratio on the quality, microstructure and mechanical properties of the fabricated builds. Solid builds free from defects were achieved at higher feed ratios, while lower feed ratios resulted in fabrication defects and reduced elongation values.
ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
E. R. Pierik, W. J. B. Grouve, S. Wijskamp, R. Akkerman
Summary: A proper description of ply-ply friction is crucial for simulating thermoplastic composite forming processes. The rate-dependency of the peak and steady-state shear stress can be predicted by considering shear flow and wall slip effects. This study investigates the temperature and pressure dependency of friction and successfully models the effect of pressure on the onset of wall slip.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Mariola Robakowska, Ian Gibson, Remko Akkerman, Frederik R. Wurm, Hubert Gojzewski
Summary: The presence of interfacial areas between consecutively joined layers leads to differences in the performance of 3D printed materials compared to fully cured polymer materials. This research demonstrates that incorporating nanosilica particles can strengthen the 3D printed layers of the polymer matrix and reduce microscopic inhomogeneity in the final printed materials.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
T. H. Hoksbergen, R. Akkerman, I. Baran
Summary: This study discusses a numerical modeling framework for predicting the stress state in multilayered thermoplastic/thermoset coating systems and finds that the design of the coating system significantly influences the dynamic stress state and the performance as a protection layer for wind turbine blades.
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Wenwu Zhang, Helezi Zhou, Bin Huang, Huamin Zhou, Xiongqi Peng
Summary: This paper investigates the tool-ply friction behavior of jute/PLA biocomposites in thermoforming. A pull-through friction testing device was developed to characterize the tool-ply friction behavior of jute/PLA prepreg at elevated temperature. The effects of alkali treatment, fiber orientation, normal force, and slipping velocity were studied, and a quantitative definition of tool-ply friction behavior was achieved. The results indicate a strong relationship between tool-ply friction behavior and woven and fiber structures, indicating hydrodynamic lubrication.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Stephen Clay, Wesley Ault, Alex Faupel, Caglar Oskay, Philip Knoth, Noam N. Y. Shemesh, Rami Haj-Ali, Uri Breiman, Ido Meshi, Ofir Shor
Summary: This paper presents an experimental investigation on the compression failure mechanisms of laminated carbon fiber reinforced composites under non-standard quasi-static loading. The results demonstrate the presence of interior kink bands, surface ply splitting, and delaminations, with each failure mechanism associated with different stress levels.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Bowen Zeng, Jinlong Yang, Zhi Ni, Yucheng Fan, Ziyan Hang, Chuang Feng
Summary: This study successfully improved the pyroelectric properties of PVDF films by preparing functionally graded graphene nanoplatelet (FG-GNP) reinforced PVDF composite films. The increase in the number of layers and the concentration of GNP near the surface of the composite film were found to enhance the pyroelectric properties and temperature stability.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shenghe Zhang, Fukai Chu, Weizhao Hu, Bibo Wang, Richard K. K. Yuen, Yuan Hu
Summary: This study improves the flame retardancy and mechanical properties of PBAT by synthesizing a phosphorus-containing intercalator and mixing it into the PBAT matrix.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Tharan Gordon, Michael R. Wisnom, Byung Chul Kim
Summary: Thickness tapering is a common strategy for efficient and lightweight composite structures, but it can introduce delamination sites. This study investigated the use of ply scarfing method to improve the compressive failure stress of tapered laminates made from thick unidirectional non-crimp fabrics. The results showed that ply scarfing suppressed delamination and increased the failure stress by 60%.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xin Wang, Yiting Qu, Junlei Bai, Fujun Xu, Bin Ding, Xiaohua Zhang
Summary: A solution-based strategy is proposed to achieve a strong bond between fibers and matrix in powder materials, resulting in improved mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, and fracture strain of the composites. The method also offers advantages such as enhanced powder flowability and thermal stability.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Xing Zhou, Guosheng Wang, Dexiang Li, Qi Wang, Keming Zhu, Yaya Hao, Yueyang Xu, Neng Li
Summary: This study successfully synthesized polyurethane elastomer by using degraded products from waste PET, and fabricated composites with carbon nanotubes for strain sensors. The composites showed good mechanical and durability performance, indicating a potential method for recycling waste PET into valuable and functional materials.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Fei Peng, Tingting Shan, Rongrui Chen, Jiulong Shi, Di Liu, Guoqiang Zheng, Chaojun Gao, Kun Dai, Chuntai Liu, Changyu Shen
Summary: Janus polymer films with distinct surface performance and potential applications were successfully prepared by vacuum-assisted hot-compressing method and spray coating. These films exhibit decent actuation performance and rapid selfpowered sensing property, and can be used for real-time acetone monitoring system.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Biao Cheng, Huafeng Quan, Yuefeng Zhang, Dong Huang, Tongqi Li, Chong Ye, Xingming Zhou, Zhen Fan, Yafang Zhang, Ting Ouyang, Fei Han, Hongbo Liu, Jinshui Liu
Summary: In this study, a binary graphite network was constructed to improve the thermal conductivity and control the formation of micrometer-scale open pores in phase change composites. The developed composites showed a high thermal conductivity and phase change enthalpy, making them promising for thermal control in space optical-mechanical systems and other critical aerospace components.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Shihao Zuo, Fei Cheng, Guangming Yang, Jiangzhou Li, Yongjun Deng, Guangjun Gou, Xuejun Cui, Yunsen Hu, Xiaozhi Hu
Summary: Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) treatment was used to modify aluminum (Al) alloys in order to improve bond strength with carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP). The treatment successfully created a porous surface with better hardness, roughness, and wetting, and introduced resin pre-coating (RPC) and carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber bridging to improve the bonding interface. The combined treatments significantly increased the bond strength by up to 156.1%, indicating the feasibility of MAO as an alternative method for manufacturing high-performance Al-CFRP composites in industrial production.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
James Kratz, Christophe Paris, Karolina Gaska, Vincent Maes, Ivana Partridge, Philippe Olivier
Summary: Faster heating rates and higher process temperatures can reduce the total process time while achieving the same degree-of-cure. Thermal analysis shows that thermoplastic interleaf particles melt at the recommended curing temperature. A short dwell at a lower temperature can prevent the mixing of thermoplastic particles and thermoset pre-polymer.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Thomas Maierhofer, Evripides G. Loukaides, Craig Carr, Chiara Bisagni, Richard Butler
Summary: Joining thermoset composites via resistance welding provides an efficient method for aerospace structures with benefits such as high-volume manufacturing and simplified surface preparation. The influence of welding parameters on joint performance is assessed using Mode I fracture toughness testing. A Bayesian approach is employed to select high-performance parameters.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Jiangan You, Ling Cai, Ronghua Yu, Haiping Xing, Jian Xue, Ying Li, Zhiwei Jiang, Dongmei Cui, Tao Tang
Summary: In response to the global environmental pollution crisis caused by waste plastics, recyclable design is an effective solution. A CPVC/PUA nanocomposite foam was developed using the plasticizing-foaming-reinforcing strategy, combined with catalytic carbonization. The foam exhibited high expansion ratio, robustness, solvent resistance, flame-triggered shape memory effect, and ablation resistance. The foam could be directly upcycled into functional carbon foam with attractive electromagnetic interference shielding performance.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Siyao Chen, Zhiyu Chen, Yangling Ou, Junwei Lyu, Junning Li, Xiangyang Liu, Yang Liu
Summary: In this study, we demonstrated the significant effect of composite interface on temperature increase in electrical heaters. By selectively fluorinating the outer walls of carbon nanotubes and compositing them with cellulose nanofibers, improved interfacial phonon diffusion was achieved, leading to a higher temperature increase rate.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Manufacturing
Yanjun He, Agnieszka Suliga, Alex Brinkmeyer, Mark Schenk, Ian Hamerton
Summary: A new thermoset resin system based on a polybenzoxazine blend showed good performance under high ATOX irradiation. It reduced erosion yield by forming a silicon-rich surface layer and improved the mechanical properties of CFRP laminates.
COMPOSITES PART A-APPLIED SCIENCE AND MANUFACTURING
(2024)
