Article
Clinical Neurology
Gautier Breville, Igor J. Koralnik, Patrice H. Lalive
Summary: Isolated brainstem lesions at disease onset are extremely rare in PML cases, with most patients experiencing initial clinical worsening. However, some patients may achieve full or partial recovery despite the reserved prognosis due to the vital structures in the brainstem.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Marine Joly, Cecile Conte, Charles Cazanave, Vincent Le Moing, Pierre Tattevin, Pierre Delobel, Agnes Sommet, Guillaume Martin-Blondel
Summary: This study examined the epidemiology and prognosis of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy using a large cohort of patients in France. The findings revealed a stable incidence rate of the disease in France, with HIV infection being the main predisposing condition. Male patients had a higher risk of mortality compared to females, and patients with solid neoplasms had the worst prognosis.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Varun Jain, Hannah Branstetter, Srikar Savaram, Matthew Vasquez, Gabriel Swords, Sina Aghili-Mehrizi, John Rees, Marie Rivera-Zengotita, Mayra Montalvo, Miguel Chuquilin, Addie Patterson, Torge Rempe
Summary: This study is a retrospective review of all PML cases at the University of Florida. The results suggest that PML without overt immunosuppression may be more common than previously described. Therefore, PML should be considered even in the absence of overt immunosuppression.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Nora Moehn, Lea Grote-Levi, Franziska Hopfner, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Britta Maecker-Kolhoff, Clemens Warnke, Kurt-Wolfram Suehs, Mike P. Wattjes, Guenter U. Hoeglinger, Thomas Skripuletz
Summary: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is an opportunistic viral disease of the brain caused by human polyomavirus 2. It affects patients with compromised immune systems and currently has no effective treatment. The primary therapeutic strategy focuses on reconstituting the immune system, with recent studies showing promising effects with anti-PD-1 antibodies and allogeneic virus-specific T cells.
JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giulia Berzero, Sabrina Basso, Luca Stoppini, Andrea Palermo, Anna Pichiecchio, Matteo Paoletti, Federica Lucev, Simonetta Gerevini, Andrea Rossi, Elisa Vegezzi, Luca Diamanti, Paola Bini, Matteo Gastaldi, Serena Delbue, Cesare Perotti, Elena Seminari, Maura Faraci, Mario Luppi, Fausto Baldanti, Marco Zecca, Enrico Marchioni, Patrizia Comoli
Summary: The study found that using JCPyV-specific T cell therapy to treat hematological patients with PML is safe and effective, with no treatment-related adverse events observed. Some patients experienced an increase in JCPyV-specific lymphocytes and a decrease in JCPyV viral load in cerebrospinal fluid. Six out of 9 patients achieved PML control, with 5 alive and in good clinical condition at their last follow-up.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Jennifer Meylor, Daniel Crespo Artunduaga, Michael Mendoza, Sam I. Hooshmand, Ahmed Z. Obeidat
Summary: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a central nervous system infection caused by human polyomavirus 2, usually affecting immunocompromised patients. However, this report presents two cases of PML in older individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD can lead to immune system dysfunction and potentially increase the risk of PML.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiang Wang, Jinxiu Chen, Jing Gong, Ying Wu, Xiang-hao Liu
Summary: This case presents a rare occurrence of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) caused by JC virus infection in a previously healthy and immunocompetent patient. The patient showed disease stabilization after receiving a combination treatment, which may contribute to our understanding of virus infections during the coronavirus epidemic.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xavier Boumaza, Baptiste Bonneau, Damien Roos-Weil, Carmela Pinnetti, Sebastian Rauer, Louisa Nitsch, Arnaud Del Bello, Ilijas Jelcic, Kurt-Wolfram Suehs, Jacques Gasnault, Yasemin Goreci, Oliver Grauer, Sharmilee Gnanapavan, Rebecca Wicklein, Nicolas Lambert, Thomas Perpoint, Martijn Beudel, David Clifford, Agnes Sommet, Irene Cortese, Guillaume Martin-Blondel
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Retrospective data from 79 PML patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitors were analyzed, and the results showed that mortality remained high and the development of inflammatory features or PML-IRIS was commonly observed. The study highlights the importance of personalized use of immune checkpoint inhibitors for PML patients.
ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Franziska Hopfner, Nora Mohn, Britta Eiz-Vesper, Britta Maecker-Kolhoff, Jens Gottlieb, Rainer Blasczyk, Nima Mahmoudi, Kaweh Pars, Ortwin Adams, Martin Stangel, Mike P. Wattjes, Gunter Hoglinger, Thomas Skripuletz
Summary: Through clinical studies, researchers have found that allogeneic transplant of BKV-CTL can significantly improve symptoms, reduce brain MRI changes, and decrease viral load in patients with PML.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Eli Hatchwell, Edward B. B. Smith, Shapour Jalilzadeh, Christopher D. D. Bruno, Yassine Taoufik, Houria Hendel-Chavez, Roland Liblau, David Brassat, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Heinz Wiendl, Nicholas Schwab, Irene Cortese, Maria Chiara Monaco, Luisa Imberti, Ruggero Capra, Jorge R. R. Oksenberg, Jacques Gasnault, Bruno Stankoff, Todd A. A. Richmond, David M. M. Rancour, Igor J. J. Koralnik, Barbara A. A. Hanson, Eugene O. O. Major, Christina R. R. Chow, Peggy S. S. Eis
Summary: PML is a rare and dangerous brain disease caused by JC virus infection, with immunosuppressed patients being more susceptible. Research has identified four genetic variants in immune system genes that are associated with PML risk.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roberto De Masi, Stefania Orlando, Silvia Armenise, Pantaleo Spagnolo, Ruggero Capra, Maria Carmela Costa
Summary: This case report investigates a Natalizumab-associated Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) with cerebellar localization and wakefulness disturbances. The study shows that awakening and clinical improvement occurred dramatically with the onset of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), which was mild in nature and colocalized with the PML lesion. MRI analysis revealed an increase in white matter volume and a decrease in grey matter during IRIS, while the cerebrospinal fluid volume consistently increased throughout the duration of PML. The brain parenchymal fraction decreased as expected, but the total brain volume remained stable. Neurodegeneration, supported by IRIS and humoral factors derived from the PML lesion, is believed to be the main cause of steady disability in Natalizumab-associated PML.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Christoph Mahler, Adrian-Minh Schumacher, Marcus Unterrainer, Lena Kaiser, Thomas Hollbacher, Simon Lindner, Joachim Havla, Birgit Ertl-Wagner, Maximilian Patzig, Klaus Seelos, Julia Neitzel, Matthias Maurer, Markus Krumbholz, Imke Metz, Wolfgang Bruck, Christine Stadelmann, Doron Merkler, Achim Gass, Vladimir Milenkovic, Peter Bartenstein, Nathalie L. Albert, Tania Kuempfel, Martin Kerschensteiner
Summary: The study evaluated the use of TSPO PET imaging to monitor CNS inflammation in natalizumab-associated PML lesions and distinguish them from multiple sclerosis lesions, showing potential for longitudinal monitoring of disease activity and differentiation of MS activity from PML progression.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alyssa A. Toorop, Zoe Y. G. van Lierop, Eva E. M. Strijbis, Charlotte E. Teunissen, Axel Petzold, Mike P. Wattjes, Frederik Barkhof, Brigit A. de Jong, Zoe L. E. van Kempen, Joep Killestein
Summary: Two patients with relapsing-remitting MS developed carryover PML after switching from natalizumab to ocrelizumab. Despite mild immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and increasing NfL levels, PML-IRIS lesions stabilized after treatment and both patients continued therapy with ocrelizumab.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2021)
Article
Virology
Kazuo Nakamichi, Yoshiharu Miura, Toshio Shimokawa, Kenta Takahashi, Tadaki Suzuki, Nobuaki Funata, Masafumi Harada, Koichiro Mori, Nobuo Sanjo, Motohiro Yukitake, Kazuya Takahashi, Tsuyoshi Hamaguchi, Shoko Izaki, Satoru Oji, Jin Nakahara, Ryusuke Ae, Koki Kosami, Souichi Nukuzuma, Yosikazu Nakamura, Kyoichi Nomura, Shuji Kishida, Hidehiro Mizusawa, Masahito Yamada, Masaki Takao, Hideki Ebihara, Masayuki Saijo
Summary: A 10-year study was conducted in Japan to analyze the profile of PML and the characteristics of patients with CSF-JCV positivity. The study found that ultrasensitive PCR testing and increased clinical attention led to the early detection of CSF-JCV in the last five years of the study period. The results provide valuable information for PML diagnosis and treatment.
Review
Virology
Shitiz Sriwastava, Erum Khan, Syed H. Khalid, Arshdeep Kaur, Parissa Feizi
Summary: Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) is typically seen in immunocompromised patients, but our case demonstrates its rare occurrence in immunocompetent individuals. Furthermore, our literature review indicates that patients respond well to mirtazapine and intravenous pulse methylprednisolone (IVMP).
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Raphael Lievin, Houria Hendel-Chavez, Aliou Balde, Remi Lancar, Michele Algarte-Genin, Roman Krzysiek, Dominique Costagliola, Lambert Assoumou, Yassine Taoufik, Caroline Besson
Summary: HIV-infected patients with Hodgkin's lymphoma have altered distribution of B-lymphocytic subsets and increased production of activating cytokines. These factors may contribute to the process of tumorigenesis. The study found higher levels of activating cytokines in HIV-cHL patients compared to controls. The distribution of B-cell subsets was also different, with a higher proportion of naive B-cells. The results suggest that HIV-infected patients with cHL have a unique B-cell-related environment that may fuel tumorigenesis.
Article
Immunology
Camille Vellas, Arnaud Del Bello, Geraldine Gaube, Pauline Tremeaux, Nicolas Jeanne, Noemie Ranger, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Pierre Delobel, Nassim Kamar, Jacques Izopet
Summary: The study assessed the impact of monoclonal antibodies on patients with the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, showing that Casirivimab-Imdevimab treatment effectively reduces viral load and does not lead to key mutations reducing mAb activity.
OPEN FORUM INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raphael Bernard-Valnet, Xavier Moisset, Nicolas Maubeuge, Mathilde Lefebvre, Jean-Christophe Ouallet, Mathilde Roumier, Christine Lebrun-Frenay, Jonathan Ciron, Damien Biotti, Pierre Clavelou, Bertrand Godeau, Renaud A. Du Pasquier, Guillaume Martin-Blondel
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of using a CCR5 antagonist, maraviroc, in the treatment of iatrogenic inflammatory PML and PML-IRIS. However, the results of the study showed that, even when used in combination with corticosteroids, the CCR5 antagonist did not prevent deleterious immune reconstitution.
NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Maud Lemoine, Lambert Assoumou, Pierre-Marie Girard, Marc Antoine Valantin, Christine Katlama, Stephane De Wit, Pauline Campa, Hayette Rougier, Jean-Luc Meynard, Coca Necsoi, Anja D. Huefner, Jan Van Luzen, Julian Schulze Zur Wiesch, Jean-Philippe Bastard, Soraya Fellahi, Stefan Mauss, Metodi V. Stankov, Axel Baumgarten, Gerrit Post, Lawrence Serfaty, Vlad Ratziu, Yves Menu, Jerome Schlue, Pierre Bedossa, Jacqueline Capeau, Dominique Costagliola, Georg Behrens, Patrick Ingiliz
Summary: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of liver steatosis and advanced fibrosis (AF) in HIV-monoinfected patients at risk of NAFLD. The results showed that two-thirds of the HIV-monoinfected patients with NAFLD had liver steatosis, and around 10% had advanced fibrosis. The CAP technique was accurate for screening steatosis in this population.
CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Infectious Diseases
Marius Troseid, Maxime Hentzien, Florence Ader, Sandra Wagner Cardoso, Jose R. Arribas, Jean-Michel Molina, Nicolas Mueller, Maya Hites, Fabrice Bonnet, Oriol Manuel, Dominique Costagliola, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Yazdan Yazdapanah, Alexandra Calmy
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
M. Leboyer, O. Godin, P. M. Llorca, V Aubin, F. Bellivier, R. Belzeaux, P. Courtet, D. Costagliola, C. Dubertret, K. M'Bailara, E. Haffen, C. Henry, H. Laouamri, C. Passerieux, A. Pelletier, M. Polosan, P. Roux, R. Schwan, L. Samalin, E. Olie, Bruno Etain
Summary: The FACE-BD cohort study provides valuable insights into the lifetime course of bipolar disorders, as well as the associated comorbidities and cognition profile. The study highlights the high prevalence of psychiatric conditions and metabolic syndrome among individuals with BD, and also demonstrates a significant reduction in hospitalization days and improvement in functioning over time.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Vida Terzic, Lea Levoyer, Melanie Figarella, Elisabetta Bigagli, Noemie Mercier, Lucie De Gastines, Severine Gibowski, Marius Troseid, Jacques Demotes, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Maya Hites, Florence Ader, Jose Ramon Arribas Lopez, France Mentre, Helene Esperou, Dominique Costagliola, John-Arne Rottingen, Julien Poissy, Jean-Christophe Roze, Adilia Warris, Jackie O'Leary, Ricardo M. Fernandes, Lambert Assoumou, Regis Hankard, Mark A. Turner, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Alpha Diallo
Summary: To ensure the safety of participants and regulatory compliance in academic trials, a centralized pharmacovigilance system was established, allowing sponsors to delegate work. This system consisted of key procedures, a local safety officer network, and centralized safety activities. Lessons learned from four trials demonstrated the ability to manage diverse European requirements and communicate effectively with trial teams.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Maria Choufany, Laurence Weiss, Alain Makinson, Helene Roul, Jean-Michel Livrozet, Valerie Pourcher, Giovanna Melica, Christophe Rioux, Jean-Paul Viard, Esaie Marshall, Sophie Grabar, Dominique Costagliola
Summary: The study aimed to assess the risk of CD4 T-cell count decline and its association with severe morbid conditions or death in people with HIV infection. The results showed that CD4 decline was rare but associated with a higher risk of severe morbid conditions or death within the first 6 months.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Sophie Grabar, Valerie Potard, Lionel Piroth, Sophie Abgrall, Louis Bernard, Clotilde Allavena, Fabienne Caby, Pierre de Truchis, Claudine Duvivier, Patricia Enel, Christine Katlama, Marie-Aude Khuong, Odile Launay, Sophie Matheron, Giovanna Melica, Hugues Melliez, Jean-Luc Meynard, Juliette Pavie, Laurence Slama, Sylvie Bregigeon, Pierre Tattevin, Jacqueline Capeau, Dominique Costagliola
Summary: Many studies have found that starting an integrase strand-transfer inhibitor-based regimen for HIV-positive individuals who have not previously received antiretroviral therapy can lead to weight gain. This study examined the impact of early or advanced HIV disease progression and the specific drugs used in combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) on weight changes. The results showed that individuals with advanced disease progression experienced greater weight gain compared to those with early disease progression. The choice of antiretroviral drugs should take into account the risk of weight gain, particularly for patients with advanced disease or obesity.
JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL CHEMOTHERAPY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Dominique Costagliola
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Antoine Vanier, Judith Fernandez, Sophie Kelley, Lise Alter, Patrick Semenzato, Corinne Alberti, Sylvie Chevret, Dominique Costagliola, Michel Cucherat, Bruno Falissard, Francois Gueyffier, Jerome Lambert, Etienne Lengline, Clara Locher, Florian Naudet, Raphael Porcher, Rodolphe Thiebaut, Muriel Vray, Sarah Zohar, Pierre Cochat, Dominique Le Guludec
BMJ EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Marius Troseid, Jose R. Arribas, Lambert Assoumou, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Julien Poissy, Vida Terzic, Fulvia Mazzaferri, Jesus Rodriguez Bano, Joe Eustace, Maya Hites, Michael Joannidis, Jose-Artur Paiva, Jean Reuter, Isabel Puentmann, Thale D. J. H. Patrick-Brown, Elin Westerheim, Katerina Nezvalova-Henriksen, Lydie Beniguel, Tuva Borresdatter Dahl, Maude Bouscambert, Monika Halanova, Zoltan Peterfi, Sotirios Tsiodras, Michael Rezek, Matthias Briel, Serhat Unal, Martin Schlegel, Florence Ader, Karine Lacombe, Cecilie Delphin Amdal, Serge Rodrigues, Kristian Tonby, Alexandre Gaudet, Lars Heggelund, Joy Mootien, Asgeir Johannessen, Jannicke Horjen Moller, Beatriz Diaz Pollan, Anders Aune Tveita, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jean-Christophe Richard, Olav Dalgard, Victoria Charlotte Simensen, Aliou Balde, Lucie de Gastines, Marta del Alamo, Burc Aydin, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Alpha Diallo, Bente Halvorsen, John-Arne Rottingen, Evelina Tacconelli, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Inge C. Olsen, Dominique Costagliola
Summary: The study conducted a placebo-controlled trial of baricitinib in severe/critical COVID cases. The results showed that baricitinib did not reduce mortality within 60 days, and there may be safety risks in vaccinated participants, which require further investigation.
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Alain Amstutz, Benjamin Speich, France Mentre, Corina Silvia Rueegg, Drifa Belhadi, Lambert Assoumou, Charles Burdet, Srinivas Murthy, Lori Elizabeth Dodd, Yeming Wang, Kari A. O. Tikkinen, Florence Ader, Maya Hites, Maude Bouscambert, Mary Anne Trabaud, Mike Fralick, Todd C. Lee, Ruxandra Pinto, Andreas Barratt-Due, Fridtjof Lund-Johansen, Fredrik Mueller, Olli P. O. Nevalainen, Bin Cao, Tyler Bonnett, Alexandra Griessbach, Ala Taji Heravi, Christof Schonenberger, Perrine Janiaud, Laura Werlen, Soheila Aghlmandi, Stefan Schandelmaier, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Dominique Costagliola, Inge Christoffer Olsen, Matthias Briel
Summary: This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the benefits and harms of remdesivir compared to placebo or usual care in COVID-19 patients hospitalized. The study found that remdesivir reduced mortality in patients who required no or conventional oxygen support but did not have enough evidence for patients on ventilators.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Emmanuelle Loubsens, Raphael Adam, Alexa Debard, Lisa Barioulet, Fanny Varenne, Pierre Fournie, Thomas Sales de Gauzy, Priscille Olle, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Vincent Soler
Summary: This study reviewed the management, treatment, and outcomes of patients with necrotizing herpetic retinitis (NHR) and proposed an algorithm for first-line management of NHR. The visual prognosis of NHR patients was poor and prompt investigation of immune status and presence of factors justifying intravitreal antiviral injections is necessary.
INTERNATIONAL OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Florence Ader, Maude Bouscambert-Duchamp, Maya Hites, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, France Mentre, Charles Burdet
LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)