Article
Environmental Sciences
Amanda R. Fay, Galen A. McKinley, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Yassir Eddebbar, Michael N. Levy, Matthew C. Long, Holly C. Olivarez, Rea R. Rustagi
Summary: Large volcanic eruptions result in significant climate disruptions through anomalies in radiative fluxes and widespread cooling. New research shows that these eruptions also affect air-sea carbon and oxygen fluxes. Using two large ensembles, we isolate the impact of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption on ocean properties and find significant changes in heat, oxygen, and carbon inventories. These changes persist for multiple years and have different patterns in the upper ocean and deep ocean.
GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Jon Einar Jonsson, Fiona S. Rickowski, Florian Ruland, Arni Asgeirsson, Jonathan M. Jeschke
Summary: Bird species on islands, such as the Icelandic common eider, are greatly affected by biological invasions. The invasive American mink has a more significant impact on the population dynamics of the eiders compared to climate change. The eider nest numbers decreased by approximately 60% due to the presence of the invasive predator, while the return of the native arctic fox did not have such an effect. This difference may be attributed to the lack of evolutionary adaptation to the invasive mink.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
I. N. Bindeman, F. M. Deegan, V. R. Troll, T. Thordarson, A. Hoeskuldsson, W. M. Moreland, E. U. Zorn, A. Shevchenko, T. R. Walter
Summary: The basalts erupted in the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption on the Reykjanes Peninsula offer a unique opportunity to study the composition of the mantle underlying Iceland. The oxygen isotope composition of these basalts is indistinguishable from the normal upper mantle, providing valuable insights into the Icelandic mantle plume.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ydan Ben Dor, Yariv Kafri, David Mukamel, Ari M. Turner
Summary: This study investigates the effects of a pump on the density profile and current in a diffusive fluid at the critical point. The results show that the density profile undergoes significant changes at criticality, while the current remains unchanged. The deviation of the density from the average at large distances and specific angles can be described by a specific formula. The study also considers the impact of the local pump on the domain wall structure below the critical point.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
T. Fischer, P. Hrubcova, A. Salama, J. Doubravova, T. Agustsdottir, E. A. Gudnason, J. Horalek, G. P. Hersir
Summary: The volcanic eruption in Fagradalsfjall, Iceland in 2021 was preceded by intense seismic activity, indicating a relationship between seismic activity and magma accumulation. The seismic activity weakened the crust and led to the eruption.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Tim Greenfield, Tom Winder, Nicholas Rawlinson, John Maclennan, Robert S. White, Thorbjorg Agustsdottir, Conor A. Bacon, Bryndis Brandsdottir, Eva P. S. Eibl, Esme Glastonbury-Southern, Egill Arni Gudnason, Gylfi Pall Hersir, Josef Horalek
Summary: Through a dense seismic network, we have imaged a group of earthquakes at a depth of 10-12 km, 2 km northeast of the 2021 Fagradalsfjall eruption site in Reykjanes Peninsula, Iceland. These deep earthquakes have similar characteristics to deep long period (DLP) seismicity observed at other volcanoes worldwide. During the eruption, the DLP earthquake swarms migrated 1 km southwest when there were changes in eruption discharge rate or fountaining style. This suggests a link between the DLP seismicity and the magma plumbing system beneath Fagradalsfjall.
BULLETIN OF VOLCANOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Richard Hardstone, Michael Zhu, Adeen Flinker, Lucia Melloni, Sasha Devore, Daniel Friedman, Patricia Dugan, Werner K. Doyle, Orrin Devinsky, Biyu J. He
Summary: This passage discusses the influence of prior experiences on perception and the neural mechanisms observed in experiments. When perception is congruent with prior, there is increased top-down input, while stronger feedforward drive is observed when perception is incongruent with prior. The study results indicate a pattern of large-scale information flow change underlying the influence of long-term priors on perception.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Ben Esse, Mike Burton, Catherine Hayer, Melissa Anne Pfeffer, Sara Barsotti, Nicolas Theys, Talfan Barnie, Manuel Titos
Summary: In March 2021, an eruption occurred at the Fagradalsfjall volcanic system in Iceland, marking the end of an 800-year period of dormancy. The eruption produced lava flows and moderate gas emissions, highlighting the importance of real-time monitoring for future volcanic activity. The study combined satellite imagery and trajectory analysis to measure the volcanic sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rate and injection altitude, demonstrating the effectiveness of the monitoring method for effusive eruptions.
EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Siqi Li, Ronni Grapenthin, Freysteinn Sigmundsson, Vincent Drouin, Sigrun Hreinsdottir, Benedikt G. Ofeigsson
Summary: Post-rifting ground deformation is driven by the relaxation of stresses generated by dike intrusions. Using GNSS and InSAR velocity fields, we analyzed the post-rifting deformation from 2015 to 2020 in the Baroarbunga eruption in Iceland. The results showed uplift on both sides of the dike and horizontal displacement away from the dike after accounting for background deformation. A two-layer viscoelastic model with a 0.4 x 10(19) Pa s viscoelastic half-space and an 18 km thick elastic layer best explained the observed displacements. The model also highlighted another regime of good fit, possibly due to deformation near the dike caused by cooling compaction.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Gaurav Tomar, Srikumar Roy, Christopher J. Bean, Satish C. Singh, Brian 'Reilly, Nick Schofield
Summary: The Iceland Plume has had a significant impact on the North Atlantic region. A volcanic ridge system known as the Barra Volcanic Ridge System (BVRS) has been identified in the Rockall area, but its timing, morphology, extent, and emplacement mechanism are not well understood. Through seismic and magnetic analysis, it is suggested that the BVRS could be volcanoes of basaltic compositions, and the integration of gravity and seismic data indicates a thin crust beneath the BVRS. The volcanic intrusions in the BVRS possibly occurred after the Early Paleocene age, which coincides with the arrival of the Iceland mantle plume in the Rockall region.
MARINE AND PETROLEUM GEOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Juan Gao, Changxin Liu, Yufei Wang, Shuangbao Han, Rui Cheng
Summary: This study analyzes the impact of future water tax on climate change in China using the CGE model and proposes policy implications. It suggests paying attention to the effects of macro policies on emission reduction goals and conducting further research on the mechanisms of water-energy-carbon processes.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Meagen Pollock, Benjamin R. Edwards, Shelley Judge, Chloe Wallace, Alex Hiatt, Aleksander Perpalaj, Ellie Was, Steinunn Hauksdottir
Summary: Glaciovolcanic landforms offer valuable insights into subglacial eruption processes and paleoenvironmental conditions. The formation of glaciovolcanic ridges, or tindars, is more complex than previously thought, involving multiple eruptive and intrusive events. Understanding these processes is crucial for studying volcanic-glacial interactions and interpreting Earth's history.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Ingibjorg L. Omarsdottir, Gudrun Petursdottir, Deanne K. Bird, Gudrun Gisladottir
Summary: This qualitative study explores the role of different forms of social capital in the recovery of families affected by the 2010 Eyjafjallajokull eruption in Iceland. The results emphasize the importance of bonding, bridging, and linking social capital in providing support for the affected community. The study also highlights the need for improved services and equitable access to social support in order to facilitate the recovery process.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION
(2022)
Article
Business, Finance
Mingfeng He, Dengshi Huang, Jianan Zhou
Summary: This study applies a model in the real options framework to analyze the impacts of controlling shareholder's share pledging on corporate investment timing and valuation. The findings reveal an inverted U-shaped relationship between the pledge ratio and optimal investment timing, indicating that share pledging exacerbates firms' over-investment and worsens firms' under-investment. Additionally, the study shows that share pledging harms firms' option value unless active measures are taken to control the pledging risks. The maintenance requirement can mitigate irrational early investments by controlling shareholders and protect investors from significant wealth losses. Moreover, the study offers testable empirical implications.
INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jingyue Mo, Sunling Gong, Lei Zhang, Jianjun He, Shuhua Lu, Yike Zhou, Huabing Ke, Huan Zhang
Summary: The study illustrates that particulate matter transported from Central and South Asia has a certain impact on winter surface PM2.5 concentrations in China, with the North China Plain being the most affected region. The PM2.5 concentration decreases during El Nino events and increases during La Nina events.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Robin Mainieri, Nicolas Eckert, Christophe Corona, Jerome Lopez-Saez, Markus Stoffel, Franck Bourrier
Summary: Global warming may impact the frequency and magnitude of rockfall activity in mountainous regions. Studies have shown a clear relationship between increased rockfall activity, permafrost thawing, and global warming at high elevations. However, research is limited below the permafrost limit, and so far, no climatically induced trends in rockfall records have been identified.
PROGRESS IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY-EARTH AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
Weiran Li, Fidel Costa, Clive Oppenheimer, Kazuhide Nagashima
Summary: Apatite can incorporate volatile and trace elements, providing important information about pre-eruptive processes in magma. This study presents a comprehensive dataset for the partitioning of volatiles and trace elements between fluorapatite and phonolitic melts, and proposes a lattice-strain model for estimating these partitioning relations under different conditions. The study also develops a new oxybarometer and reveals the reequilibration of hydrogen in melt inclusions, which has implications for magma properties and volcanic behavior. Furthermore, the findings have broad applications in the study of magma differentiation and ore formation involving fluorapatite.
CONTRIBUTIONS TO MINERALOGY AND PETROLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tyler R. Jones, Kurt M. Cuffey, William H. G. Roberts, Bradley R. Markle, Eric J. Steig, C. Max Stevens, Paul J. Valdes, T. J. Fudge, Michael Sigl, Abigail G. Hughes, Valerie Morris, Bruce H. Vaughn, Joshua Garland, Bo M. Vinther, Kevin S. Rozmiarek, Chloe A. Brashear, James W. C. White
Summary: By analyzing water-isotope ratios in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core, researchers have revealed the changes in summer and winter temperatures over the past 11,000 years. The results show that summer temperature variations are primarily related to summer insolation, while winter temperatures are influenced by meridional heat transport. The study also provides evidence for the reduction in ice sheet surface area in West Antarctica, supporting geological constraints in the region.
Article
Forestry
Ciara Greaves, Alan Crivellaro, Alma Piermattei, Paul J. Krusic, Clive Oppenheimer, Aleksei Potapov, Maris Hordo, Sandra Metslaid, Regino Kask, Ahto Kangur, Ulf Buntgen
Summary: An exceptionally high number of blue rings were formed within and between Scots pine trees from Estonia in 1976, indicating extreme autumnal cooling that has been neglected in scientific literature. The study provides a better understanding of blue rings and their ability to reveal ephemeral cooling not captured by conventional tree ring measurements. The findings highlight the importance of considering temperature fluctuations in studying tree growth patterns.
TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Richard N. Holdaway, Ben M. Kennedy, Brendan G. Duffy, Jiandong Xu, Clive Oppenheimer
Summary: Volcanic eruptions without historical records are often dated by comparing radiocarbon measurements of tree rings killed by the eruption with a calibration curve. However, contamination from geogenic carbon has been overlooked in these measurements. This study shows that contamination can lead to over-estimation of eruption ages and also highlights the problem of anomalously younger dates in radiocarbon series, which cannot be easily addressed at present.
JOURNAL OF VOLCANOLOGY AND GEOTHERMAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastien Guillet, Christophe Corona, Clive Oppenheimer, Franck Lavigne, Myriam Khodri, Francis Ludlow, Michael Sigl, Matthew Toohey, Paul S. Atkins, Zhen Yang, Tomoko Muranaka, Nobuko Horikawa, Markus Stoffel
Summary: Explosive volcanism is an important factor in climate variability on interannual to centennial scales internationally. However, uncertainties remain in key factors such as event chronologies and estimates of volcanic sulfate aerosol. This study sheds new light on explosive volcanism during the High Medieval Period through analysis of lunar eclipses, aerosol model simulations, and tree-ring-based climate proxies. The findings refine the estimated dates of notable eruptions and provide support for further investigation of the climate response to volcanic eruptions.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Roland Kaitna, David Prenner, Matt Switanek, Douglas Maraun, Markus Stoffel, Markus Hrachowitz
Summary: By connecting a regional hydro-meteorological susceptibility model with climate projections, this study assesses changes in the frequency of critical trigger conditions for debris flows in different regions in the Austrian Alps. It finds limited annual changes in the number of critical days for debris-flow initiation when averaged over all regions, but distinct changes when separating between trigger types and study region. Monthly and seasonal scales show a trend of earlier critical trigger conditions. The outcomes of this study provide a basis for future risk management and adaptation strategies.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Geochemistry & Geophysics
M. Gauntlett, T. Hudson, J. -M. Kendall, N. Rawlinson, J. Blundy, S. Lapins, B. Goitom, J. Hammond, C. Oppenheimer, G. Ogubazghi
Summary: Understanding the crustal structure and the movement of fluids beneath a volcano is crucial for assessing volcanic hazard and exploring geothermal potential. This study uses earthquake tomography to image the seismic velocity structure beneath Nabro volcano in Ethiopia. The findings suggest the presence of solidified rocks and a primary melt storage region that fed the 2011 eruption. The observations also indicate the persistence of magma and the potential for geothermal exploration.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH
(2023)
Letter
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Frederick Reinig, Lukas Wacker, Olaf Joeris, Clive Oppenheimer, Giulia Guidobaldi, Daniel Nievergelt, Florian Adolphi, Paolo Cherubini, Stefan Engels, Jan Esper, Frank Keppler, Alexander Land, Christine Lane, Hardy Pfanz, Sabine Remmele, Michael Sigl, Adam Sookdeo, Ulf Buentgen
Article
Geography, Physical
Peter O. Hopcroft, Paul J. Valdes, Bryan N. Shuman, Matthew Toohey, Michael Sigl
Summary: The pre-industrial Holocene experienced a warming followed by a cooling period, but the reasons behind the cooling trends in certain land areas remain unclear. In this study, climate model simulations with anthropogenic land-use show a widespread cooling in some regions of the northern hemisphere during the mid-to-late Holocene. However, the model-data agreement is not perfect and the differences between reconstructions hinder the evaluation. The response of several feedbacks, such as sea-ice and clouds, also adds complexity to attributing the temperature evolution during the Holocene.
QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephen B. Piva, Simon J. Barker, Nels A. Iverson, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Michael Sigl, Colin J. N. Wilson, Nelia W. Dunbar, Andrei V. Kurbatov, Lionel Carter, Bruce L. A. Charlier, Rewi M. Newnham
Summary: By analyzing glass shards in the Antarctic ice core, this study successfully identified the Taupo volcanic eruption 1.8 ka and linked it to other eruption events. These findings are important for accurately estimating eruption timing, source volcanoes, and the impact of volcanic activities on climate.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jesper Bjorklund, Kristina Seftigen, Markus Stoffel, Marina V. Fonti, Sven Kottlow, David C. Frank, Jan Esper, Patrick Fonti, Hugues Goosse, Hakan Grudd, Bjorn E. Gunnarson, Daniel Nievergelt, Elena Pellizzari, Marco Carrer, Georg von Arx
Summary: Earth system models and climate proxies indicate unprecedented global warming. However, tree-ring proxies often show temperatures during the Medieval Climate Anomaly similar to or higher than the past century, creating inconsistencies with regional simulations. This study demonstrates that the current climate of the Fennoscandian Peninsula is significantly warmer than the medieval period, highlighting the dominant role of human activities in regional climate warming. More long-term records are needed to improve understanding and reduce uncertainties in historical and future climate change at global scales.
Article
Geography, Physical
Nicolas Steeb, Virginia Ruiz-Villanueva, Alexandre Badoux, Christian Rickli, Andrea Mini, Markus Stoffel, Dieter Rickenmann
Summary: This contribution reviews different models used to identify instream large-wood sources and estimate LW supply to rivers. Two recent GIS-based models, empirical GIS approach (EGA) and fuzzy-logic GIS approach (FGA), were compared in Switzerland. Results showed marked differences between the two models, with FGA estimating larger wood volumes and identifying bank erosion as the predominant process. Despite limitations, these models are useful for hazard assessment and infrastructure design.
EARTH SURFACE DYNAMICS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Elizabeth R. Thomas, Diana O. Vladimirova, Dieter R. Tetzner, B. Daniel Emanuelsson, Nathan Chellman, Daniel A. Dixon, Hugues Goosse, Mackenzie M. Grieman, Amy C. F. King, Michael Sigl, Danielle G. Udy, Tessa R. Vance, Dominic A. Winski, V. Holly L. Winton, Nancy A. N. Bertler, Akira Hori, Chavarukonam M. Laluraj, Joseph R. McConnell, Yuko Motizuki, Kazuya Takahashi, Hideaki Motoyama, Yoichi Nakai, Franciele Schwanck, Jefferson Cardia Simoes, Filipe Gaudie Ley Lindau, Mirko Severi, Rita Traversi, Sarah Wauthy, Cunde Xiao, Jiao Yang, Ellen Mosely-Thompson, Tamara V. Khodzher, Ludmila P. Golobokova, Alexey A. Ekaykin
Summary: Changes in sea ice and atmospheric circulation in the Southern Ocean are crucial factors in shaping Antarctic climate. Limited historical data exists prior to 1970, but ice core chemistry can be used to reconstruct long-term changes. The CLIVASH2k working group compiled a database of sodium and sulfate ions from 105 Antarctic ice cores spanning 2000 years. Sites suitable for reconstructing past sea ice conditions, wind strength, or atmospheric circulation were identified through filters based on sea ice concentration, geopotential height, and surface wind fields.
EARTH SYSTEM SCIENCE DATA
(2023)