Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 204, Issue -, Pages 170-177Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.04.028
Keywords
Endocrine disrupting compounds; Wastewater treatment processes; Mass loads; Mass balance
Categories
Funding
- National Science Foundation of China [41573102, 41673099]
- Fujian Province Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists [2017J06013]
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) President's International fellowship initiative for Postdoctoral Researchers [2015PE004]
- Young Talents Project of Institute of Urban Environment CAS [IUEMS201401]
- Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS [2016280]
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We investigated the occurrence, removal and mass balance of 8 endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), including estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), ethinylestradiol (EE2), triclosan (TCS), triclocarbon (TCC), 4-n-nonyl phenol (NP) and 4 n octyl phenol (OP), along with 5 of their transformation products (TPs), including 4-hydroxy estrone (4-OH El), 4-hydroxy estradiol (4-OH E2), methyl triclosan (MeTCS), carbanilide (NCC), dichlorocarbanilide (DCC) in a wastewater treatment plant. Generally, E3 showed the highest concentrations in wastewater with median value of 514 ng/L in influent, while TCS and TCC showed highest level in sludge and suspended solids (SS) with median value of 960 and 724 mu g/kg, respectively. Spatial variations were observed along each unit of the wastewater treatment processes for dissolved analytes in wastewater and adsorbed analytes in suspended solids and sludge. Special emphasis was placed to understand the mass load of EDCs and their TPs to the wastewater treatment unit and mass loss during the wastewater treatment processes. Mass loss based on both aqueous and suspended phase concentration revealed that majority of these chemicals were significantly removed during the treatment process except for TCS, TCC, and three of their TPs (MeTCS, NCC, DCC), which were released or generated during the treatment process. Mass load results showed that 42.4 g of these EDCs and their TPs entered this wastewater treatment system daily via influent, whereas 6.15 g and 7.60 g were discharged through effluent and sludge. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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