Journal
CHEMOSPHERE
Volume 208, Issue -, Pages 325-334Publisher
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.135
Keywords
Photolysis; Parabens; Estrogenic activity; Cytotoxicity assays; Ceriodaphnia dubia
Categories
Funding
- FAPESP [11/07025-3, 11/24137-0]
- CNPq [448322/2014-5]
- CAPES (PNPD) [1742613]
- Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP) [11/24137-0, 11/07025-3] Funding Source: FAPESP
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Degradation studies of the propylparaben (PrP), butylparaben (BuP) and of the propylparaben-butylparaben mixture (PrP-BuP) in deionized water and surface river water was investigated as a function of pH and initial concentration of the reactants using a medium-pressure mercury lamp. The photolysis of parabens (concentration ranging from 5 to 30 mg L-1) followed apparent pseudo-first-order kinetics, with rate constants (k) in deionized water and surface river water changed from 1.80 x 10(-1) to 3.68 x 10(-2) min(-1) and 1.43 x 10(-1) to 1.45 x 10(-2) min(-1), respectively. Degradation reaction was faster at pH 5 in comparison with pH 7 or 11. The photolysis of parabens was greater than 91%, with low mineralization (26.15%) observed in acidic medium after 95 min. Analysis by chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) showed that only one product was generated during the degradation reaction and has UV bands similar to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid. Estrogenic activity tests showed that non degraded parabens stimulated the growth of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cells and this effect was evaluated after the photolysis. Cytotoxicity assays using fibroblasts cells (Balb/C 3T3 clone A31) indicated that the parental compounds and degradation products were not cytotoxic. On the contrary, non-degraded parabens were toxic to Ceriodaphnia dubia, but the product of photolysis was not. Overall, the photolytic method presented was able to degrade these parabens providing safe and non-estrogenic reaction product. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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