4.6 Article

Probing Optical Anisotropy and Polymorph-Dependent Photoluminescence in [Ln2] Complexes by Hyperspectral Imaging on Single Crystals

Journal

CHEMISTRY-A EUROPEAN JOURNAL
Volume 24, Issue 40, Pages 10146-10155

Publisher

WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801224

Keywords

hyperspectral imaging; lanthanide complexes; optical anisotropy; photoluminescence; polymorph dependence

Funding

  1. University of Ottawa
  2. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
  3. Canada Foundation for Innovation (CFI)

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Two homodinuclear and one heterodinuclear lanthanide (Ln)-based complexes of the general formula [Ln(2)(bpm)(tfaa)(6)] (Ln=Eu(1), Tb(2), Eu-Tb(3), bpm=2,2-bipyrimidine, tfaa(-)=1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetonate) were synthesized and characterized by single-crystal photoluminescence spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging. Complexes1 and 2 crystallize in two polymorphic structures, while three polymorphs were isolated for 3, namely having needle-, plate-, and block-like morphologies. Single-crystal photoluminescence spectroscopy and imaging on Eu3+-containing 1 and 3 revealed polymorph-dependent J-splitting of the hypersensitive (D0F2)-D-5-F-7 Eu3+ transition as well as electric-to-magnetic dipole emission intensity ratios. According to these observations, the lowest symmetry chemical environment was attributed to the Eu3+ ions present in the needle-like polymorph, also in agreement with single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. More importantly, hyperspectral imaging on all three single-crystal polymorphs of 3 exhibits optical anisotropy with photoluminescence enhancement at specific crystallographic faces. This behavior was ascribed to the distinct molecular packing of the Ln-Ln dimers in each polymorphic crystal as well as to face-specific local symmetry of the Eu3+ centers. Overall, opto-structural relationships of three Ln-Ln dimers and their single-crystal polymorphs were established as a particularly promising avenue for control of photoluminescence by chemical crystal engineering.

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