Article
Cell Biology
Julia Solana-Balaguer, Genis Campoy-Campos, Nuria Martin-Flores, Leticia Perez-Sisques, Laia Sitja-Roqueta, Melike Kucukerden, Ana Gamez-Valero, Albert Coll-Manzano, Eulalia Marti, Esther Perez-Navarro, Jordi Alberch, Jordi Soriano, Merce Masana, Cristina Malagelada
Summary: Extracellular vesicles, specifically neuron-derived EVs, play a crucial role in intercellular communication within the central nervous system. These EVs carry signaling molecules and exert a trophic effect on neurons, influencing synaptic events and promoting neuronal protection.
JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Damaris Nieves Torres, Sang H. Lee
Summary: Conventional inter-neuronal communication is wired and occurs through chemical synapses, but recent studies suggest that neurons can also communicate wirelessly through small extracellular vesicles (EVs). These small EVs, including exosomes, contain various signaling molecules and can be absorbed by recipient cells. Neuronal small EVs have been found to affect multiple neuronal functions. This volume transmission mediated by small EVs is important for activity-dependent changes in neuronal function and the regulation of local circuitry. In this review, recent discoveries and the potential scope of small EV-mediated inter-neuronal signaling are summarized.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Biology
Vera Valakh, Derek Wise, Xiaoyue Aelita Zhu, Mingqi Sha, Jaidyn Fok, Stephen D. Van Hooser, Robin Schectman, Isabel Cepeda, Ryan Kirk, Sean M. O'Toole, Sacha B. Nelson
Summary: Healthy neuronal networks require homeostatic plasticity to maintain stable firing rates. However, inappropriate or excessive activation of these mechanisms can lead to destabilization and rebound hyperactivity. In this study, the negative regulation of cortical network homeostasis by the PARbZIP family of transcription factors was uncovered. Knockout mice lacking these factors showed a stronger network response to activity withdrawal, indicating their critical role in constraining plasticity and preventing seizures.
Article
Neurosciences
Bruno G. Frenguelli
Summary: This article discusses the Neuropharmacology Special Issue on 'Glutamate Receptors -The Glutamatergic Synapse', focusing on the importance of glutamate as a neurotransmitter and the central role of the glutamatergic synapse in neuronal signaling.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mark W. Sherwood, Stephane H. R. Oliet, Aude Panatier
Summary: NMDARs play a crucial role in coincidence detection during synaptic plasticity, with astrocytes regulating the availability of co-agonists to influence synaptic plasticity. The unique morphology and spatial arrangement of astrocytes allows them to integrate information from unrelated synapses at the synaptic level simultaneously.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Chao Sun, Erin M. Schuman
Summary: Research has shown that neurons synthesize and degrade proteins at synapses to reshape synaptic proteome in real-time. This article provides a quantitative overview of the decentralized neuronal protein turnover logistics, analyzing the high demand for protein turnover in subcellular compartments. It also summarizes key quantities and modulation strategies in neuronal protein turnover, reviews recent progress in neuronal local protein synthesis, and explores diverse protein degradation mechanisms near synapses.
MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications
Peihua Feng, Qiang Fan, Zhixuan Yuan, Ying Wu
Summary: This paper investigates the transition between spiral wave and labyrinth pattern in a neural network, discovering four types of spatiotemporal patterns. It reveals that the onset of intermittency of neuron firing matches the appearance of circular spiral wave, and suggests that the dynamics of single neuron electrical activities can be considered as an index of pattern transition.
CHAOS SOLITONS & FRACTALS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Tianzhen Hua, Huanxiao Shi, Mengmei Zhu, Chao Chen, Yandong Su, Shengjia Wen, Xu Zhang, Juxiang Chen, Qilin Huang, Hongxiang Wang
Summary: This article provides an overview of the synaptic and functional integration between glioma and neurons, as well as the reciprocal effects of their interactions on neuronal pathophysiology. It also discusses current therapeutic approaches targeting critical factors involved in these interactions and proposes emerging technologies for gaining deeper insight into the mechanisms associated with neuron- and glioma-communicating networks. The importance of this article lies in its contribution to our understanding of the refractory disease and the development of potential therapeutic strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Sabine C. Konings, Laura Torres-Garcia, Isak Martinsson, Gunnar K. Gouras
Summary: Synaptic changes and neuronal network dysfunction are early features of Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is a major genetic risk factor in AD and can induce hyperexcitability in vulnerable brain regions. ApoE is mainly produced by astrocytes, but neurons can also produce it under stress conditions. This study found that ApoE isoforms from different cellular sources can target synapses and have differential effects on neuronal activity.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Hsin-Fang Chang, Claudia Schirra, Varsha Pattu, Elmar Krause, Ute Becherer
Summary: Regulated exocytosis is a central mechanism for cellular communication and is important for neurotransmission, hormone release, and immune response. In this review, the molecular mechanisms of exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are discussed, focusing on the fusion of lytic granules with the plasma membrane. Similarities and differences with neuronal synaptic transmission are highlighted, and the strengths and weaknesses of both systems for studying exocytosis are examined.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Rong Jiang, Xiao-Dong Chi, Yulong Jing, Bin Wang, Shao Li
Summary: This study investigated the effect of NgR in the perforant path on neuronal morphology and function in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The results showed that reducing NgR expression improved damaged morphology and decreased neuronal numbers in APP/PS1 mice, and also enhanced dendritic complexity and postsynaptic protein density. The downregulation of M1 phenotypes of microglial gene expression in the hippocampus of TG-shNgR mice suggests that NgR plays a critical role in microglial phenotype polarization.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jingyuan Jiang, Yifan Su, Ruilin Zhang, Haiwen Li, Louis Tao, Qiang Liu
Summary: This study identified a novel circuit of spiking neurons in C. elegans that uses digital coding for long-distance communication and temporal synchronization, which is crucial for reliable behavioral rhythm.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Niharika Bala, Ling Yu, Lauren P. Liu, Laura Shelton, Yiling Xu, Hans K. Ghayee, Abdel A. Alli
Summary: The expression and activity of ENaC and ASIC ion channels in hPheo1 cells are regulated by GAPDH activity. SDHB mutations increase the risk of malignant and aggressive disease in PCC and PGL patients. This study provides an important research direction for understanding SDHB-related diseases.
Article
Cell Biology
Katarzyna M. Grochowska, Marit Sperveslage, Rajeev Raman, Antonio V. Failla, Dawid Glow, Christian Schulze, Laura Laprell, Boris Fehse, Michael R. Kreutz
Summary: The complex morphology of neurons presents a challenge for proteostasis, but recent studies have shown that mature lysosomes can be found in dendrites and release their content through fusion with the plasma membrane. These dendritic lysosomes are heterogeneous in composition and only those containing LAMP2A and LAMP2B exhibit activity-dependent motility. They dock near NMDAR receptors via an association with SAP102/Dlg3, and NMDAR activation decreases lysosome motility and promotes fusion with the membrane. Chaperone-mediated autophagy supplies content that is released through lysosome exocytosis, enabling local disposal of aggregation-prone proteins.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Ekaterina N. Lyukmanova, Maxim M. Zaigraev, Dmitrii S. Kulbatskii, Aizek B. Isaev, Ilya D. Kukushkin, Maxim L. Bychkov, Mikhail A. Shulepko, Anton O. Chugunov, Mikhail P. Kirpichnikov
Summary: Cancer progression is characterized by microenvironmental acidification. Tumor cells adapt to low environmental pH by activating acid-sensing ion channels. Mambalgin-2 has been found to effectively inhibit a tumor-specific acid-sensing channel, providing new insights into the regulation of acid-sensing ion channels and development of cancer treatment strategies.