Article
Neurosciences
Andrew M. Boal, Nolan R. McGrady, Joseph M. Holden, Michael L. Risner, David J. Calkins
Summary: By studying an inducible mouse model of glaucoma, it was found that the sensitivity to increased K+ concentration is reduced and the excitability of RGCs is diminished. These experimental results provide insights into the response of RGCs to intraocular pressure stress and lay the foundation for mechanistic investigation into targets for neuroprotective therapy.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Denis Gubin, Vladimir Neroev, Tatyana Malishevskaya, Sergey Kolomeichuk, Germaine Cornelissen, Natalia Yuzhakova, Anastasia Vlasova, Dietmar Weinert
Summary: This study found a strong association between loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) due to advanced glaucoma and depression scores, suggesting that RGCs loss may impact non-visual photic transduction and mood disturbances. Depression scores were the strongest factor associated with RGCs loss, surpassing other factors including age, intraocular pressure, visual field loss, and PERG amplitude.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jean de Montigny, Evelyne Sernagor, Roman Bauer
Summary: Individual retinal cell types form semi-regular spatial patterns known as retinal mosaics, and retinal ganglion cells and starburst amacrine cells are examples of such patterns. The mechanisms behind mosaic formation involve homotypic cell interactions, cell migration, and cell death. By using experiments in mice and an agent-based simulation framework called BioDynaMo, researchers aim to understand the formation of retinal mosaics. They find that cell migration is the main contributing factor to the regularity of the mosaic pattern. They also propose that the regular spacing of retinal ganglion cells may not be a necessary criterion for the formation of a specific type of retinal ganglion cell. Furthermore, the study explores the formation of starburst amacrine cell mosaics and the interactions between the ganglion cell layer and inner nuclear layer populations. They suggest that homotypic interactions between these populations are crucial for reproducing the observed characteristics of starburst amacrine cell mosaics, indicating that the two populations may not be independent during retinal development.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fa Yuan, Mingwei Wang, Kangxin Jin, Mengqing Xiang
Summary: The text discusses the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the characteristics of RGCs, highlighting the differences in regenerative abilities post-injury and the latest research findings. It proposes potential directions for future therapeutics in treating neurodegenerative diseases.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Adam Mani, Xinzhu Yang, Tiffany A. Zhao, Megan L. Leyrer, Daniel Schreck, David M. Berson
Summary: This study reveals the role of VGluT3 cells in limiting the speed range of OKN. It enhances our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of retinal cell response to fast motion.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ludovic S. Mure
Summary: This article discusses the profound impact of light on health, particularly emphasizing the role of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in non-image-forming vision. Progress in understanding human ipRGCs, including their morphology, function, and gene expression, could provide insights into how light is perceived by the human eye and aid in developing light-based therapeutic interventions. Further research on ipRGCs is critical for identifying therapeutic approaches and improving cognitive performance, mood, and quality of life through precise light usage recommendations.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Xiaohuan Zhao, Mengqiao Xu, Zhenzhen Zhao, Yimin Wang, Yang Liu, Ting Zhang, Xiaoling Wan, Mei Jiang, Xueting Luo, Yao Shen, Lei Chen, Minwen Zhou, Feng Wang, Xiaodong Sun
Summary: This study found that the probiotic Bifidobacterium can promote the survival of retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve regeneration. This effect is achieved by inhibiting microglia activation and promoting Muller cell activation, leading to a reduction in the risk of optic nerve injury.
CNS NEUROSCIENCE & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Chao Wang, Yaqiong An, Zhaohua Xia, Xuezhi Zhou, Haibo Li, Shuang Song, Lexi Ding, Xiaobo Xia
Summary: This study found that melatonin could protect RGCs from glutamate excitotoxicity and NMDA-induced injury, reduce oxidative stress, and improve visual function in mice. These findings provide practical research ideas for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of glaucoma using melatonin.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elisabetta Catalani, Kashi Brunetti, Simona Del Quondam, Davide Cervia
Summary: This article discusses the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and retinal pathology related to RGC degeneration, as well as the potential for neuroprotection using redox-related strategies.
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Alejandro Gallego-Ortega, Maria Norte-Munoz, Johnny Di Pierdomenico, Marcelino Aviles-Trigueros, Pedro de la Villa, Francisco Javier Valiente-Soriano, Manuel Vidal-Sanz
Summary: Using specific antibodies, alpha retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and their subtypes were identified and studied in the adult pigmented mouse retina. The alpha RGCs are distributed throughout the retina, with higher density in the temporal region. The sustained ON and OFF response subtypes are mainly located in the periphery, while the transient ON and OFF response subtypes are found in the central regions of the retina.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROANATOMY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Di Chen, Yi-Yu Sun, Lai-Yang Zhou, Shuo Yang, Fei-Yang Hong, Xian-Dong Liu, Zhao-Liang Sun, Ju Huang, Dong-Fu Feng
Summary: Research has shown that knocking out the Maf1 gene helps promote the survival and axon regeneration of RGCs, while also preventing thinning of the retinal ganglion cell complex. This indicates that knocking out Maf1 may have a potential neuroprotective effect on the survival of damaged RGCs after injury.
EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Satoshi Yokota, Sahil H. Shah, Emma Lee Huie, Runxia Rain Wen, Ziming Luo, Jeffrey L. Goldberg
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the dynamics and regulation of mitochondrial transport during retinal ganglion cell (RGC) maturation using acutely purified RGCs as a model system. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis identified Kinesin family member 5A (Kif5a) as a motor protein relevant to mitochondrial transport. Manipulation of Kif5a expression demonstrated its direct regulation of mitochondrial axonal transport in developing RGCs.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xi Chen, Shanshan Li, Xiaoli Liu, Jingjie Zhao, Lanting Wu, Ran You, Yanling Wang
Summary: This study investigates the role of endogenous c-kit(+) cells in retinal degeneration. Stimulation of these cells by stem cell factor (SCF) provides protection against retinal degeneration. SCF administration improves visual function and prevents the loss of retinal ganglion cells. Transcriptome analysis reveals that SCF-induced changes are closely correlated with eye development-related pathways.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Andrew M. Boal, Nolan R. McGrady, Michael L. Risner, David J. Calkins
Summary: This article investigates how intrinsic properties shape the excitability and action potential generation in two different types of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The study demonstrates the impact of extracellular potassium concentration on the differences in intrinsic excitability among RGCs.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ru Zhao, Tao He, Yiqiao Xing, Jinyuan Luo
Summary: This study finds that COG1410 regulates the state of microglia and protects retinal ganglion cells in retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury, showing promising potential for the treatment of eye diseases.
EXPERIMENTAL EYE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Cell Biology
Matthew J. Greene, Jinseop S. Kim, H. Sebastian Seung
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jinseop S. Kim, Matthew J. Greene, Aleksandar Zlateski, Kisuk Lee, Mark Richardson, Srinivas C. Turaga, Michael Purcaro, Matthew Balkam, Amy Robinson, Bardia F. Behabadi, Michael Campos, Winfried Denk, H. Sebastian Seung
Article
Biology
Jinseop S. Kim, Marcus Kaiser
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2014)
Article
Biology
David Deutsch, Diego Pacheco, Lucas Encarnacion-Rivera, Talmo Pereira, Ramie Fathy, Jan Clemens, Cyrille Girardin, Adam Calhoun, Elise Ireland, Austin Burke, Sven Dorkenwald, Claire McKellar, Thomas Macrina, Ran Lu, Kisuk Lee, Nico Kemnitz, Dodham Ih, Manuel Castro, Akhilesh Halageri, Chris Jordan, William Silversmith, Jingpeng Wu, H. Sebastian Seung, Mala Murthy
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sven Dorkenwald, Claire E. McKellar, Thomas Macrina, Nico Kemnitz, Kisuk Lee, Ran Lu, Jingpeng Wu, Sergiy Popovych, Eric Mitchell, Barak Nehoran, Zhen Jia, J. Alexander Bae, Shang Mu, Dodam Ih, Manuel Castro, Oluwaseun Ogedengbe, Akhilesh Halageri, Kai Kuehner, Amy R. Sterling, Zoe Ashwood, Jonathan Zung, Derrick Brittain, Forrest Collman, Casey Schneider-Mizell, Chris Jordan, William Silversmith, Christa Baker, David Deutsch, Lucas Encarnacion-Rivera, Sandeep Kumar, Austin Burke, Doug Bland, Jay Gager, James Hebditch, Selden Koolman, Merlin Moore, Sarah Morejohn, Ben Silverman, Kyle Willie, Ryan Willie, Szi-chieh Yu, Mala Murthy, H. Sebastian Seung
Summary: FlyWire is an online community and platform for proofreading connectome data of the Drosophila brain, using interactive segmentation technology and collaborative editing to distribute proofreading work globally. By utilizing an open community, it accelerates proofreading by recruiting more participants and promotes scientific discovery through information sharing.
Article
Biology
Casey M. Schneider-Mizell, Agnes L. Bodor, Forrest Collman, Derrick Brittain, Adam Bleckert, Sven Dorkenwald, Nicholas L. Turner, Thomas Macrina, Kisuk Lee, Ran Lu, Jingpeng Wu, Jun Zhuang, Anirban Nandi, Brian Hu, JoAnn Buchanan, Marc M. Takeno, Russel Torres, Gayathri Mahalingam, Daniel J. Bumbarger, Yang Li, Thomas Chartrand, Nico Kemnitz, William M. Silversmith, Dodam Ih, Jonathan Zung, Aleksandar Zlateski, Ignacio Tartavull, Sergiy Popovych, William Wong, Manuel Castro, Chris S. Jordan, Emmanouil Froudarakis, Lynne Becker, Shelby Suckow, Jacob Reimer, Andreas S. Tolias, Costas A. Anastassiou, H. Sebastian Seung, R. Clay Reid, Nuno Macarico da Costa
Summary: This study used electron microscopy and functional imaging to investigate the connectivity of chandelier cells in the mouse visual cortex, finding that synapse number is highly variable across the population and correlated with structural features of target neurons. Biophysical simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of axo-axonic inhibition in controlling excitatory output, especially when excitation and inhibition are co-active. In vivo chandelier cell activity was found to be highly correlated with pupil dilation, suggesting that chandelier cells provide a circuit-wide signal adjusted relative to target neuron properties.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas L. Turner, Thomas Macrina, J. Alexander Bae, Runzhe Yang, Alyssa M. Wilson, Casey Schneider-Mizell, Kisuk Lee, Ran Lu, Jingpeng Wu, Agnes L. Bodor, Adam A. Bleckert, Derrick Brittain, Emmanouil Froudarakis, Sven Dorkenwald, Forrest Collman, Nico Kemnitz, Dodam Ih, William M. Silversmith, Jonathan Zung, Aleksandar Zlateski, Ignacio Tartavull, Szi-chieh Yu, Sergiy Popovych, Shang Mu, William Wong, Chris S. Jordan, Manuel Castro, JoAnn Buchanan, Daniel J. Bumbarger, Marc Takeno, Russel Torres, Gayathri Mahalingam, Leila Elabbady, Yang Li, Erick Cobos, Pengcheng Zhou, Shelby Suckow, Lynne Becker, Liam Paninski, Franck Polleux, Jacob Reimer, Andreas S. Tolias, R. Clay Reid, Nuno Macarico da Costa, H. Sebastian Seung
Summary: This article describes a model reconstructed from electron microscopic images of mouse primary visual cortex, and investigates the relationship between cell organization and function. The study suggests that the connectivity pattern of pyramidal cells is associated with their visual response strength and reliability.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Runzhe Yang, Ashwin Vishwanathan, Jingpeng Wu, Nico Kemnitz, Dodam Ih, Nicholas Turner, Kisuk Lee, Ignacio Tartavull, William M. Silversmith, Chris S. Jordan, Celia David, Doug Bland, Amy Sterling, Mark S. Goldman, Emre R. F. Aksay, H. Sebastian Seung
Summary: Neuronal wiring diagrams reconstructed by electron microscopy raise new questions about the organization of nervous systems. The C. elegans connectome is a feedforward sensorimotor circuit, while a larval zebrafish brainstem wiring diagram shows overrepresentation of a 3-cell motif. The cyclic structure in the zebrafish wiring diagram could be relevant for theories of oculomotor function and temporal integration.