The Role of Succinate in Regulation of Immediate HIF-1α Expression in Hypoxia

Hypoxia-induced immediate expression of transcription factor HIF-1 alpha in the brain cortex is regulated by succinate produced in both the tricarbonic acid cycle and GABA shunt reactions and is induced by succinate-containing drugs. These facts prove the existence of succinate-dependent signalling regulation involved in immediate and delayed molecular adaptation and increased body resistance to oxygen deficiency, where succinate acts as a signal molecule. The intensity of this process differs in animals with low and high resistance to hypoxia.