Article
Ophthalmology
Jiamin Xie, Luyao Ye, Qiuying Chen, Ya Shi, Guangyi Hu, Yao Yin, Haidong Zou, Jianfeng Zhu, Ying Fan, Jiangnan He, Xun Xu
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the association between choroidal thickness and age, axial length, and refractive errors in Chinese adults. The results showed that choroidal thickness decreased with age after 50 years, and the thinning was more prominent in the central and parafoveal regions as axial length increased. The correlation between choroidal thickness and age and axial length varied among different groups with different refractive errors.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ophthalmology
Jost B. Jonas, Marcus Ang, Pauline Cho, Jeremy A. Guggenheim, Ming Guang He, Monica Jong, Nicola S. Logan, Maria Liu, Ian Morgan, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Olavi Parssinen, Serge Resnikoff, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Seang-Mei Saw, Earl L. Smith, Donald T. H. Tan, Jeffrey J. Walline, Christine F. Wildsoet, Pei-Chang Wu, Xiaoying Zhu, James S. Wolffsohn
Summary: The prevalence of myopia is increasing in East and Southeast Asia, with strategies needed to reduce its progression. Encouraging outdoor activities and using low-dose atropine eye drops are beneficial measures for reducing myopia development. Individual risk-to-benefit ratios need to be considered for different treatment options based on age, health, and lifestyle.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jose Vicencio, Roberto Rondanelli, Diego Campos, Raul Valenzuela, Rene Garreaud, Alejandra Reyes, Rodrigo Padilla, Ricardo Abarca, Camilo Barahona, Rodrigo Delgado, Gabriela Nicora
Summary: Tornadoes in southern Chile in late May 2019 were caused by synoptic-scale features including a southwest-northeast trough along the South Pacific and modestly unstable environmental conditions with strong low- and midlevel wind shear. These tornadoes were different from those in the Great Plains of North America, but similar to cold-season tornadoes observed in other midlatitude regions. Tornadic storms in this region were found to be associated with locally extreme values of both CAPE and low-level wind shear, indicating potential for further research on this topic.
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Economics
D'Maris Coffman
Summary: Professor Luigi L. Pasinetti gave a keynote address in 2002 at the Raffaele Mattioli Foundation and Library to honor their acquisition of a rare third edition of Francois Quesnay's Tableau Economique. In celebration of Pasinetti's 90th birthday, Professor Coffman provided the first English translation of Pasinetti's essay on Quesnay, reflecting on its rhetorical strategy and Pasinetti's critique of mainstream neoclassical economics.
STRUCTURAL CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DYNAMICS
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Ruyi Han, Weiteng Chang, Xinyi Ding, Rui Jiang, Qing Chang, Gezhi Xu, Zhiqiang Yu, Qiaoling Wei
Summary: This study explored the relationship between choroid vascular index (CVI) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in patients with high myopia (HM). The results showed that CVI is significantly correlated with BCVA and is not affected by age, axial length, or spherical equivalent (SE), suggesting that CVI could be used as an adjunct tool for assessing visual acuity in patients with HM.
Article
Ophthalmology
Anken Wang, Chenhao Yang, Li Shen, Jiaying Wang, Zhehuan Zhang, Weiming Yang
Summary: This study retrospectively investigated the axial length changes in myopic children wearing orthokeratology lenses and found that after initial shortening, the axial length rapidly rebounded during the washout period and shortened again when lenses were re-worn. The changes in axial length were significantly correlated with the initial axial length. Therefore, measuring axial length after the washout period can provide a more objective and accurate evaluation of orthokeratology, and the existence and degree of axial shortening can predict long-term myopia development.
Article
Ophthalmology
Ian Flitcroft, John Ainsworth, Audrey Chia, Susan Cotter, Elise Harb, Zi-Bing Jin, Caroline C. W. Klaver, Anthony T. Moore, Ken K. Nischal, Kyoko Ohno-Matsui, Evelyn A. Paysse, Michael X. Repka, Irina Y. Smirnova, Martin Snead, Virginie J. M. Verhoeven, Pavan K. Verkicharla
Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, clinical assessment, investigation, management, and visual consequences of high myopia in infants and young children. The findings suggest that high myopia is rare in pre-school children, with a prevalence less than 1%. The etiology of myopia in these children differs from older children, with a high rate of secondary myopia associated with prematurity or genetic causes. The clinical management of high myopia in infants and young children is complex and often requires a multidisciplinary approach, including investigation, optical correction, and myopia control treatments.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Olavi Parssinen, Markku Kauppinen
Summary: The study revealed that the prevalence of myopia was 3%, 15%, and 27% among 7-, 11-, and 15-year-olds, respectively. Risk factors for myopia included increased time spent on near work and decreased time spent outdoors. Outdoor activities were found to have a protective effect against myopia, especially for younger children.
ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA
(2022)
Article
Business
Michael Fritsch, Korneliusz Pylak, Michael Wyrwich
Summary: Through studying the history of Poland, it was found that historically high quality entrepreneurship is positively related to current start-up activity, even in areas with population displacement, indicating that historical regional knowledge stock is an important root of modern entrepreneurship.
SMALL BUSINESS ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Saiko Matsumura, Kazuhiko Dannoue, Momoko Kawakami, Keiko Uemura, Asuka Kameyama, Anna Takei, Yuichi Hori
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of myopia and its associated factors among Japanese preschool children. The prevalence of myopia and high myopia were 2.9% and 0.2% respectively. Longer axial length was associated with older age, male sex, parental myopia, and screen time.
FRONTIERS IN PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Review
Ophthalmology
Jos J. Rozema, Charles Boulet, Yuval Cohen, William K. Stell, Luciano Iribarren, Ger H. M. B. van Rens, Rafael Iribarren
Summary: This study aims to explain the significant increase in myopia prevalence in Indigenous Arctic communities after 1950, attributing it to risk factors associated with school myopia development. The probable causes for the Inuit myopia epidemic were identified as increased near work and transition from outdoor to indoor lifestyle, exacerbated by extreme psychophysical stress from conditions in the Residential Schools.
OPHTHALMIC AND PHYSIOLOGICAL OPTICS
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
X. -X. We, L. L. Yu, A. Z. A. Majid, Y. Xu
Summary: The study examined the frequency of myopia in Chinese schoolchildren using supporting data and a meta-analysis. The findings revealed that myopia is prevalent among Chinese schoolchildren and increases with age and grade. Females have a higher frequency of myopia than males.
EUROPEAN REVIEW FOR MEDICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ophthalmology
Lisa A. Ostrin, Elise Harb, Debora L. Nickla, Scott A. Read, David Alonso-Caneiro, Falk Schroedl, Alexandra Kaser-Eichberger, Xiangtian Zhou, Christine F. Wildsoet
Summary: The choroid is a vascular layer located between the sclera and Bruch's membrane in the eye. It is a multifunctional structure that can be modulated by various physiological and visual stimuli. This review summarizes the anatomy and function of the choroid, discusses its links to eye growth regulation and myopia based on animal models, and describes methods for measuring choroidal thickness and associated challenges in humans. The review also considers the implications of choroidal changes for myopia and questions the potential use of short-term choroidal thickening as a biomarker for myopia control therapy efficacy, concluding that current evidence is insufficient.
INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY & VISUAL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Vadim Vinichenko, Jessica Jewell, Johan Jacobsson, Aleh Cherp
Summary: Climate change mitigation requires the rapid expansion of low-carbon electricity. However, there is a debate over whether available technologies such as renewables and nuclear power can scale up quickly. This analysis shows that while all these technologies have been adopted in most large economies, solar and wind power have diffused across countries faster and wider than nuclear. The growth rate of renewables is projected to be much faster than nuclear due to lower costs, but empirical evidence indicates that cost is not the sole factor determining diffusion speed.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Shu-Yun Zhang, Xiufeng Gan, Baoguo Shen, Jian Jiang, Huimin Shen, Yuhang Lei, Qiuju Liang, Chenglian Bai, Changjiang Huang, Wencan Wu, Ying Guo, Yang Song, Jiangfei Chen
Summary: This study investigated the developmental toxicity of the automobile tire antioxidant 6PPD and its quinone metabolite 6PPDQ in embryonic zebrafish. Both compounds caused malformations with different phenotypes. The study also revealed distinct differential gene expression associated with the toxic phenotypes induced by 6PPD and 6PPDQ.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)