Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Leslie W. Young, Songthip T. Ounpraseuth, Stephanie L. Merhar, Zhuopei Hu, Alan E. Simon, Andrew A. Bremer, Jeannette Y. Lee, Abhik Das, Margaret M. Crawford, Rachel G. Greenberg, P. Brian Smith, Brenda B. Poindexter, Rosemary D. Higgins, Michele C. Walsh, Ward Rice, David A. Paul, Jessie R. Maxwell, Sucheta Telang, Camille M. Fung, Tanner Wright, Anne Marie Reynolds, Devon W. Hahn, Julie Ross, Jennifer M. McAllister, Moira Crowley, Sophie K. Shaikh, Karen M. Puopolo, Lori Christ, Jaime Brown, Julie Riccio, Kara Wong Ramsey, Erica F. Braswell, Lauren Tucker, Karen R. McAlmon, Krishna Dummula, Julie Weiner, Jessica R. White, Meghan P. Howell, Sarah Newman, Jessica N. Snowden, Lori A. Devlin
Summary: A study conducted at 26 hospitals in the United States found that the use of the "Eat, Sleep, Console" care approach significantly reduced the time until infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome were medically ready for discharge, without increasing specified adverse outcomes.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Daina B. Esposito, Krista F. Huybrechts, Martha M. Werler, Loreen Straub, Sonia Hernandez-Diaz, Helen Mogun, Brian T. Bateman
Summary: This study compared the risk of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) among neonates exposed to different types of opioids during the last 3 months of pregnancy, finding that strong agonists with long half-lives were associated with a higher risk of NOWS. This information can help healthcare providers make informed decisions when prescribing opioids for pain management in late pregnancy.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Uppala Radhakrishna, Sangeetha Vishweswaraiah, Lavanya Uppala, Marta Szymanska, Jacqueline Macknis, Sandeep Kumar, Fozia Saleem-Rasheed, Buket Aydas, Ariadna Forray, Srinivas B. Muvvala, Nitish K. Mishra, Chittibabu Guda, David J. Carey, Raghu P. Metpally, Richard C. Crist, Wade H. Berrettini, Ray O. Bahado-Singh
Summary: Opioid abuse during pregnancy can lead to Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS). Methylation dysregulation of placental tissue in NOWS development was identified in the study, and accurate AI prediction for NOWS diagnosis was reported. The study showed strong evidence of the importance of methylation dysregulation in NOWS pathophysiology.
Article
Pediatrics
Clayton J. Shuman, Roxanne Wilson, Katherine VanAntwerp, Mikayla Morgan, Ashley Weber
Summary: The study found that lack of education and resources provided to staff and mothers, the importance of interdisciplinary and intradisciplinary care coordination, flexibility in nurse staffing models for neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, and the impact of unit architecture and layout on maternal involvement are the main barriers and facilitators affecting implementation of maternal involvement in nonpharmacologic care of newborns with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Sarah F. Loch, Bradley D. Stein, Robin Ghertner, Elizabeth McNeer, William D. Dupont, Rosanna Smart, Stephen W. Patrick
Summary: The number of infants diagnosed with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and entering foster care has increased in the US since 2009, but analyses exploring their relationship are lacking. Research found that every one diagnosis of NOWS per ten births was associated with a 41 percent higher rate of infant foster care entry, while rural county residence was associated with a 19 percent higher rate. Additionally, a higher employment rate was associated with lower rates of infant foster care entry.
Article
Pediatrics
Stephanie L. Merhar, Songthip Ounpraseuth, Lori A. Devlin, Brenda B. Poindexter, Leslie W. Young, Sean D. Berkey, Moira Crowley, Adam J. Czynski, Autumn S. Kiefer, Bonny L. Whalen, Abhik Das, Janell F. Fuller, Rosemary D. Higgins, Vaishali Thombre, Barry M. Lester, P. Brian Smith, Sarah Newman, Pablo J. Sanchez, M. Cody Smith, Alan E. Simon
Summary: A retrospective cohort study evaluated the outcomes of infants receiving secondary therapy with phenobarbital or clonidine for treatment of NOWS, in comparison to morphine treatment. Infants treated with phenobarbital had shorter hospital stays and durations of morphine treatment compared to clonidine-treated infants, with higher rates of continued medication use upon discharge.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Daniel Smolyak, Elizabeth M. Humphries, Abhinav Parikh, Mathangi Gopalakrishnan, Fulden Aycan, Margret Bjarnadottir, Seth A. Ament, Dina El-Metwally, Amber Beitelshees, Ritu Agarwal
Summary: Morphine treatment for infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome has variable effectiveness. This study used early FNASS scores, PRS, and drug exposure to predict treatment response. The results showed meaningful connections between early FNASS scores and PRS, as well as between both of those and later in-hospital outcomes.
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emery R. Eaves, Jarrett Barber, Ryann Whealy, Sara A. Clancey, Rita Wright, Jill Hager Cocking, Joseph Spadafino, Crystal M. Hepp
Summary: This study characterized the population of neonates with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) and mothers who were opioid dependent at the time of giving birth in Arizona, using data from the Arizona Department of Health Services Hospital Discharge Database. The findings indicated that non-Hispanic White and economically disadvantaged women and neonates tend to be part of the populations of interest more frequently than expected. Additionally, unmarried women who are opioid dependent at the time of giving birth were identified more often than expected, suggesting that marital status could be a proxy for support. Additionally, comorbidities associated with neonates who have NOWS and mothers who are opioid dependent were identified.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Amanda H. Mahnke, Melissa H. Roberts, Lawrence Leeman, Xingya Ma, Ludmila N. Bakhireva, Rajesh C. Miranda
Summary: This study found that analyzing miRNAs in the umbilical cord plasma of infants can predict the severity of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). This is important for early identification of high-risk infants and making necessary monitoring and intervention decisions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Pediatrics
Micah Piske, Fahmida Homayra, Jeong E. Min, Haoxuan Zhou, Carolyn Marchand, Annabel Mead, Jennifer Ng, Megan Woolner, Bohdan Nosyk
Summary: The incidence of perinatal OUD tripled in British Columbia over a 20-year period. Sustained opioid agonist treatment during pregnancy reduced the risk of adverse birth outcomes.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Brian Brocato, David Lewis, Fabien Eyal, Susan Baker, Casey Armistead, Alan David Kaye, Elyse M. Cornett, Richard M. Whitehurst
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a prenatal education program for opioid-dependent women on breastfeeding frequency, newborn hospital length of stay, and cost of care. The results showed that prenatal NAS education significantly increased breastfeeding initiation rates and decreased newborn length of stay.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Michael W. Kuzniewicz, Cynthia Campbell, Sherian Li, Eileen M. Walsh, Lisa A. Croen, Sandra D. Comer, Samuel D. Pimentel, Monique Hedderson, Lena S. Sun
Summary: This study found that diagnostic codes have low accuracy in identifying Prenatal Opioid Exposure (POE) and Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS). Improving case identification would involve including pharmacy and laboratory results, as well as clearly defining criteria for evidence of withdrawal.
JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Kevin Y. Xu, Hendree E. Jones, Davida M. Schiff, Caitlin E. Martin, Jeannie C. Kelly, Ebony B. Carter, Laura J. Bierut, Richard A. Grucza
Summary: This study aimed to examine the relationship between pregnancy and the initiation and discontinuation of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in reproductive-aged individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) in the United States. The findings showed that pregnancy was associated with increased initiation of buprenorphine and methadone and reduced risk of medication discontinuation.
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Anna E. Austin, Vito Di Bona, Mary E. Cox, Scott K. Proescholdbell, Rebecca B. Naumann
Summary: This study aims to compare the mortality rate and causes of mortality among infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome, taking into account whether their mothers received medication for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. The results show that infants of mothers who did not receive medication for opioid use disorder had a higher mortality rate, primarily due to sudden unexpected infant death syndrome. This highlights the importance of assessing potential differences in outcomes according to whether infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome were exposed to medication for opioid use disorder, and calls for equitable access to medication and support services during pregnancy.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Yi Wang, Lawrence Berger, Christine Durrance, Russell S. Kirby, Daphne Kuo, Jessica Pac, Deborah B. Ehrenthal
Summary: Prenatal exposure to prescription opioid analgesics is associated with the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), particularly when exposure lasts for more than 30 days and occurs in the late stages of pregnancy (third trimester).
OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY
(2023)
