Article
Biology
Alexander Kaplan, Aviv D. Mizrahi-Kliger, Pnina Rappel, Liliya Iskhakova, Gennadiy Fonar, Zvi Israel, Hagai Bergman
Summary: Integrated analysis of non-human primate data reveals that pauses in GPe firing are associated with pupil dilation, suggesting that GPe pauses may influence basal ganglia downstream structures and play a role in exploratory behavior.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Eun Ju Shin, Yunsil Jang, Soyoun Kim, Hoseok Kim, Xinying Cai, Hyunjung Lee, Jung Hoon Sul, Sung-Hyun Lee, Yeonseung Chung, Daeyeol Lee, Min Whan Jung
Summary: Studies in rats, monkeys, and humans have found action-value signals encoded in various brain regions, which bias choices towards higher expected rewards. Statistical tests on neural activity in the striatum, frontal cortex, and hippocampus show that previously identified action-value signals cannot be solely explained by serial correlations or activity related to other decision variables. Additionally, it was found that neural activity related to action value is intertwined with signals related to other decision variables.
Editorial Material
Clinical Neurology
Cassiana Trandafir, Dimitri Renard, Federico Cagnazzo, Ioana Maria Ion
Summary: This case report describes a 43-year-old woman who presented with symptoms of behavior change, hypersomnia, and abulia after whiplash injury. MRI revealed symmetrical globus pallidus infarction and bilateral carotid artery dissection. This is the first reported case of isolated symmetrical globus pallidus infarction related to bilateral carotid dissection.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaotong Zhang, Weijia Gao, Weifang Cao, Liangfeng Kuang, Jinpeng Niu, Yongxin Guo, Dong Cui, Qing Jiao, Jianfeng Qiu, Linyan Su, Guangming Lu
Summary: This study investigated the structural and functional alterations of the striatum in pediatric bipolar disorders. The results showed that the abnormalities in the structure and function of the striatum may serve as distinctive biomarkers for identifying different clinical types of bipolar disorder. The interruptions of prefrontal-striatal-thalamic circuits provide evidence for the role of the striatum in the etiology of bipolar disorders. Future multimodal neuroimaging studies are needed to further understand the potential mechanisms of dysfunction in the striatum.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
James A. Jones, Matthew H. Higgs, Erick Olivares, Jacob Pella, Charles J. Wilson
Summary: Autonomously firing GABAergic neurons in the external globus pallidus (GPe) form a local synaptic network. Silencing the firing of PV+ GPe neurons increases the firing rate and regularity of PV- neurons, while silencing Npas1+ GPe neurons has no significant effect on Npas1- neuron firing. Spontaneous GABAergic synaptic input blockade reproduces the effects of silencing PV+ neuron firing. Furthermore, as few as 5 unitary inputs can cause large increases in firing irregularity in GPe neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Yarden Cohen, Elad Schneidman, Rony Paz
Summary: The study found that neurons in the cingulate cortex mainly rotated towards the rule, while neurons in the putamen showed an increase in magnitude, indicating strengthening of confidence for the newly acquired rule-based policy. Additionally, neural representation at the end of a session predicted next-day behavior, reflecting overnight retention. The novel framework for characterization of neural dynamics suggests complementary roles for the putamen and the anterior cingulate cortex.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Indiko Z. Dzhalagoniya, Svetlana Usova, Anna A. Gamaleya, Alexey A. Tomskiy, Aasef G. Shaikh, Alexey S. Sedov
Summary: The objective of this study is to investigate the physiological differences in pallidal neurons between DYT1 and non-DYT1 dystonia. Microelectrode recording was performed during deep brain stimulation implantation, revealing reduced firing rate, reduced burst rate, and increased pause index in both pallidal segments of DYT1 patients. It was concluded that DYT1 has a common pathological focus in the striatum, leading to similarity in neuronal activity.
PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sandeep Sathyanandan Nair, Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu, C. Vigneswaran, Pragathi P. Balasubramani, Dhakshin S. Ramanathan, Jyoti Mishra, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
Summary: Human cognition encompasses various abilities such as selective attention, decision making, and working memory. In cognitive impairment research, it is crucial to study multiple cognitive functions simultaneously. Thus, we propose a unified, reinforcement learning-based agent model to simulate these cognitive tasks and map individual performance to model meta-parameters. This model has the potential to serve as a proxy for cognitively impaired conditions and as a clinical testbench for therapeutic interventions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Masaya Harada, Vincent Pascoli, Agnes Hiver, Jerome Flakowski, Christian Luescher
Summary: The study reveals that compulsive individuals exhibit stronger neuronal activity in the DS during the cue predicting reward availability, even at the risk of punishment. An increased AMPA/NMDA ratio was observed selectively at orbitofrontal cortex to DS synapses, and spiny projection neurons in the DS showed an activity peak at the moment of signaled reward availability.
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Elena Borra, Dalila Biancheri, Marianna Rizzo, Fabio Leonardi, Giuseppe Luppino
Summary: This study analyzed and compared the crossed corticostriatal (CSt) projections in the striatum of nonhuman primates. These projections are robust and mainly originate from motor, prefrontal, and cingulate areas. The findings provide the anatomical basis for the bilateral distribution of motor, motivational, and cognitive signals.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yannick Mullie, Trevor Drew
Summary: The pallidum plays a crucial role in the control of posture and movement. Different cells in the pallidum show distinct activity patterns during different phases of reaching tasks and with different limbs, indicating contextual-dependent control of movement and posture.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Joshua W. Callahan, David L. Wokosin, Mark D. Bevan
Summary: This study used optogenetics and electrophysiology to reveal some characteristics of early Huntington's disease, including abnormal activity of the indirect pathway neurons and changes in inhibitory mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Junchol Park, James W. Phillips, Jian-Zhong Guo, Kathleen A. Martin, Adam W. Hantman, Joshua T. Dudman
Summary: The interaction between descending neocortical outputs and subcortical premotor circuits is crucial for shaping skilled movements. There are two types of motor cortical output projection neurons that provide input to subcortical motor areas, representing amplitude and movement direction respectively. The distinct components of descending motor control signals are distributed across motor cortical projection cell classes.
Article
Neurosciences
Dorota Frydecka, Blazej Misiak, Patryk Piotrowski, Tomasz Bielawski, Edyta Pawlak, Ewa Klosinska, Maja Krefft, Kamila Al Noaimy, Joanna Rymaszewska, Ahmed A. Moustafa, Jaroslaw Drapala
Summary: Schizophrenia patients perform worse in probabilistic reinforcement learning tasks compared to healthy controls. There is no significant association between genetic polymorphisms and reinforcement learning in schizophrenia patients, but the DAT1 rs28363170 polymorphism affects performance in healthy controls.
Review
Neurosciences
Vijay Mohan K. Namboodiri, Garret D. Stuber
Summary: This article discusses the role of brain circuits in forming cognitive maps to process and store statistical relationships in the environment, proposing the concepts of prospective and retrospective cognitive maps. Cognitive maps describe environmental states and their relationships, influencing many neural signals and behaviors.
Editorial Material
Veterinary Sciences
Megan M. Monko, Sarah R. Heilbronner
Review
Neurosciences
Mark D. Grier, Jan Zimmermann, Sarah R. Heilbronner
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY-COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING
(2020)
Article
Neurosciences
Essa Yacoub, Mark D. Grier, Edward J. Auerbach, Russell L. Lagore, Noam Harel, Gregor Adriany, Anna Zilverstand, Benjamin Y. Hayden, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Kamil Ugurbil, Jan Zimmermann
Article
Neurosciences
Megan E. Monko, Sarah R. Heilbronner
Summary: Recent evidence suggests that the retrosplenial cortex (RSC) is also involved in reward and decision making, in addition to navigation and memory functions. Through anatomical connections, RSC is strongly connected bidirectionally with the anterior cingulate cortex and central-medial orbito-frontal cortex. This connectivity suggests that RSC is involved in similar processes of goal-directed decision making as these areas.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
David J-N Maisson, Tyler Cash-Padgett, Maya Z. Wang, Benjamin Y. Hayden, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Jan Zimmermann
Summary: The study found that neurons in different regions of the prefrontal cortex exhibit similar features and encoding methods in choice-relevant computations, suggesting that these computations may be organized along a functional gradient. In addition, the research also explored the differences in task variable decodability and intrinsic timescales in these regions.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Kurt G. Schilling, Francois Rheault, Laurent Petit, Colin B. Hansen, Vishwesh Nath, Fang-Cheng Yeh, Gabriel Girard, Muhamed Barakovic, Jonathan Rafael-Patino, Thomas Yu, Elda Fischi-Gomez, Marco Pizzolato, Mario Ocampo-Pineda, Simona Schiavi, Erick J. Canales-Rodriguez, Alessandro Daducci, Cristina Granziera, Giorgio Innocenti, Jean-Philippe Thiran, Laura Mancini, Stephen Wastling, Sirio Cocozza, Maria Petracca, Giuseppe Pontillo, Matteo Mancini, Sjoerd B. Vos, Vejay N. Vakharia, John S. Duncan, Helena Melero, Lidia Manzanedo, Emilio Sanz-Morales, Angel Pena-Melian, Fernando Calamante, Arnaud Attye, Ryan P. Cabeen, Laura Korobova, Arthur W. Toga, Anupa Ambili Vijayakumari, Drew Parker, Ragini Verma, Ahmed Radwan, Stefan Sunaert, Louise Emsell, Alberto De Luca, Alexander Leemans, Claude J. Bajada, Hamied Haroon, Hojjatollah Azadbakht, Maxime Chamberland, Sila Genc, Chantal M. W. Tax, Ping-Hong Yeh, Rujirutana Srikanchana, Colin D. Mcknight, Joseph Yuan-Mou Yang, Jian Chen, Claire E. Kelly, Chun-Hung Yeh, Jerome Cochereau, Jerome J. Maller, Thomas Welton, Fabien Almairac, Kiran K. Seunarine, Chris A. Clark, Fan Zhang, Nikos Makris, Alexandra Golby, Yogesh Rathi, Lauren J. O'Donnell, Yihao Xia, Dogu Baran Aydogan, Yonggang Shi, Francisco Guerreiro Fernandes, Mathijs Raemaekers, Shaun Warrington, Stijn Michielse, Alonso Ramirez-Manzanares, Luis Concha, Ramon Aranda, Mariano Rivera Meraz, Garikoitz Lerma-Usabiaga, Lucas Roitman, Lucius S. Fekonja, Navona Calarco, Michael Joseph, Hajer Nakua, Aristotle N. Voineskos, Philippe Karan, Gabrielle Grenier, Jon Haitz Legarreta, Nagesh Adluru, Veena A. Nair, Vivek Prabhakaran, Andrew L. Alexander, Koji Kamagata, Yuya Saito, Wataru Uchida, Christina Andica, Masahiro Abe, Roza G. Bayrak, Claudia A. M. Gandini Wheeler-Kingshott, Egidio D'Angelo, Fulvia Palesi, Giovanni Savini, Nicolo Rolandi, Pamela Guevara, Josselin Houenou, Narciso Lopez-Lopez, Jean-Francois Mangin, Cyril Poupon, Claudio Roman, Andrea Vazquez, Chiara Maffei, Mavilde Arantes, Jose Paulo Andrade, Susana Maria Silva, Vince D. Calhoun, Eduardo Caverzasi, Simone Sacco, Michael Lauricella, Franco Pestilli, Daniel Bullock, Yang Zhan, Edith Brignoni-Perez, Catherine Lebel, Jess E. Reynolds, Igor Nestrasil, Rene Labounek, Christophe Lenglet, Amy Paulson, Stefania Aulicka, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Katja Heuer, Bramsh Qamar Chandio, Javier Guaje, Wei Tang, Eleftherios Garyfallidis, Rajikha Raja, Adam W. Anderson, Bennett A. Landman, Maxime Descoteaux
Summary: White matter bundle segmentation using diffusion MRI fiber tractography is a popular method for identifying white matter fiber pathways in human brains, but there is significant variability in segmentation protocols and techniques. A study evaluated the variability among protocols for bundle segmentation and found that even with the same underlying data, the variability across protocols was greater than other sources of variability, indicating a need to reduce heterogeneity for reproducible research and routine clinical use of tractography bundle dissection.
Review
Biology
A. David Redish, Adam Kepecs, Lisa M. Anderson, Olivia L. Calvin, Nicola M. Grissom, Ann F. Haynos, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Alexander B. Herman, Suma Jacob, Sisi Ma, Iris Vilares, Sophia Vinogradov, Cody J. Walters, Alik S. Widge, Jennifer L. Zick, Anna Zilverstand
Summary: This article proposes a new framework called "computational validity" for translation across species and populations. The translation depends on the computational similarity of the strategies and mechanisms underlying the behaviors, rather than the superficial similarity of the tasks. Computational validity goes beyond construct validity by directly addressing questions of information processing. It is particularly relevant for the study of psychiatric disorders and animal models investigating human psychiatric disorders.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Daniel N. Bullock, Elena A. Hayday, Mark D. Grier, Wei Tang, Franco Pestilli, Sarah R. Heilbronner
Summary: The functional and computational properties of brain areas are largely determined by their connectivity profiles. White matter, as the foundation of long-range anatomical connections, plays a crucial role in studying brain connectivity and anatomy. However, different accounts of white matter tract anatomy hinder our accurate mapping of the connectivity of the human brain. By combining histological tract-tracing and diffusion-weighted tractography studies, we can gain new insights into brain connectivity.
Article
Biology
Ana M. G. Manea, Anna Zilverstand, Kamil Ugurbil, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Jan Zimmermann
Summary: This study used ultrahigh field functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the timescales of neural processing in the whole brain. The results showed consistency between fMRI and electrophysiological estimates of timescales, and extended the application of electrophysiological hierarchies to whole-brain topographies. The study also demonstrated that intrinsic timescales are a unifying organizational principle of neural processing across the whole brain.
Article
Neurosciences
Mark D. Grier, Essa Yacoub, Gregor Adriany, Russell L. Lagoreb, Noam Harel, Ru-Yuan Zhang, Christophe Lenglet, Kamil Ugurbil, Jan Zimmermann, Sarah R. Heilbronner
Summary: Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) provides information about water molecule diffusion barriers in tissue, particularly in the brain. While useful for studying brain disorders and white matter organization, dMRI faces challenges like biological validation difficulties and low signal-to-noise ratios. Utilizing ultra-high field scanners and denoising techniques can improve the quality of dMRI data.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maya Zhe Wang, Benjamin Y. Hayden, Sarah R. Heilbronner
Summary: Economic choice involves multiple cognitive subprocesses associated with the central orbitofrontal cortex (cOFC). This study challenges the assumption that cOFC is a single region with a single function, showing anatomical and physiological evidence for subdivision into cOFCm and cOFCl subregions. These subregions differ in functional connectivity and the relaying of choice signals.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Eun Young Choi, Lu Tian, Jason H. Su, Matthew T. Radovan, Thomas Tourdias, Tammy T. Tran, Alexandra N. Trelle, Elizabeth Mormino, Anthony D. Wagner, Brian K. Rutt
Summary: The thalamus is a central integration structure in the brain, and its atrophy rates vary among different nuclei and functions. Understanding the role of distinct thalamic substructures in neurocognitive and disease-related changes that occur with aging is important.
Article
Cell Biology
Allan R. Wang, Fiene Marie Kuijper, Daniel A. N. Barbosa, Kelsey E. Hagan, Eric Lee, Elizabeth Tong, Eun Young Choi, Jennifer A. McNab, Cara Bohon, Casey H. Halpern
Summary: Research revealed disrupted neural circuits related to habit learning and binge eating behavior in humans, potentially explaining treatment-resistant behavior in eating disorders and other psychiatric conditions.
SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Nicholas D. Schiff, Joseph T. Giacino, Christopher R. Butson, Eun Young Choi, Jonathan L. Baker, Kyle P. O'Sullivan, Andrew P. Janson, Michael Bergin, Helen M. Bronte-Stewart, Jason Chua, Laurel Degeorge, Sureyya Dikmen, Adam Fogarty, Linda M. Gerber, Mark Krel, Jose Maldonado, Matthew Radovan, Sudhin A. Shah, Jason Su, Nancy Temkin, Thomas Tourdias, Jonathan D. Victor, Abigail Waters, Stephanie A. Kolakowsky-Hayner, Joseph J. Fins, Andre G. Machado, Brian K. Rutt, Jaimie M. Henderson
Summary: This feasibility study demonstrates that deep brain stimulation within the central lateral thalamus can be safely applied and is associated with improved executive control in patients with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury.
Review
Anatomy & Morphology
Wei Tang, Eun Young Choi, Sarah R. Heilbronner, Suzanne N. Haber
Summary: This article demonstrates the use of meso-circuitry information from NHPs tracing studies to understand common network connections across species, providing a more comprehensive understanding of the hard-wired connectivity underlying neuroimaging-derived brain networks.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2021)