Article
Environmental Sciences
Ummar Iqbal, Mansoor Hameed, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf
Summary: Anatomical traits of Calotropis procera populations from different ecological regions exhibit significant variation in stem and leaf structures, possibly contributing to their adaptability in diverse habitats. These traits include xeromorphy, increased phloem area, and specific tissue enhancements, such as thick cuticles and enlarged xylem vessels, in response to different environmental conditions. These anatomical differences might play a crucial role in the ecological success of C. procera in desert, salt-affected areas, mountains, riverbanks, roadsides, and forest plantations.
ARID LAND RESEARCH AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Plant Sciences
Hugo Pacheco de Freitas Fraga, Paula Eduarda Cardoso Moraes, Leila do Nascimento Vieira, Miguel Pedro Guerra
Summary: Somatic embryogenesis in conifers and Gnetales is a complex process with multiple steps, including the development of proembryogenic cell masses, histodifferentiation, somatic embryo development, maturation, desiccation, and plant regeneration. Our understanding of this process is mainly based on studies using Pinaceae species as a model, and the evolutionary relationship between conifers is still unclear. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on somatic embryogenesis in conifers and Gnetales, highlighting similarities and current challenges. Further research on this morphogenetic pathway may reveal common points between these species and improve the success of somatic embryogenesis.
Article
Agronomy
L. Rufo, M. T. Iglesias-Lopez, V. de la Fuente
Summary: Despite variations in edaphic and climatic variables, the studied plant's variables showed slight changes throughout the year, with magnesium being the most reflective of climatic changes. Salty precipitates and crystallizations were mainly distributed in specific tissues, and observed crystals were compatible with various minerals. This study supports the notion that inland S. carinata behaves similarly to other succulent halophytes, with element concentrations and abundance patterns depending largely on adaptation mechanisms.
Article
Plant Sciences
Alistair Leverett, Samantha Hartzell, Klaus Winter, Milton Garcia, Jorge Aranda, Aurelio Virgo, Abigail Smith, Paulina Focht, Adam Rasmussen-Arda, William G. T. Willats, Daniel Cowan-Turner, Anne M. M. Borland
Summary: Succulent plants develop fleshy organs to adapt to water-limited environments, and their anatomical features and physiological mechanisms help them withstand drought. The relationship between succulent anatomical adaptations, CAM, and hydrenchyma tissue in Clusia plants was studied. It was found that CAM supersedes hydrenchyma tissue in maximizing CO2 assimilation and minimizing transpiration during drought, challenging the assumption of mutual dependence between CAM and hydrenchyma tissue in succulent leaves.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Joel Lonnqvist, Claire Farrell, Dean Schrieke, Maria Viklander, Godecke-Tobias Blecken
Summary: The vegetation layer of green roofs plays a crucial role in water retention by removing water through evapotranspiration and restoring storage capacity. The study suggests that considering leaf traits and CSR strategies can help in selecting suitable plants for green roof technology in new regions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
A. A. A. Ewies, I Ahmed, F. Al-Azzawi, J. Pitkin, P. Gupta, M. Persic, B. Sahu, A. Elgobashy, L. Barraclough, J. Woodman, J. Babrah, S. Bowden, D. Stocken, L. Billingham, S. Sundar, D. Rea
Summary: The study did not show a statistically significant difference in reducing Hot Flush Score over 12 weeks between folic acid and placebo groups in postmenopausal women. However, there was an increased benefit in the folic acid group regarding changes in total and emotional UQoL scores at week 8 compared with placebo.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Laramie Duncan, Karl Deisseroth
Summary: Psychiatric diseases are influenced by genetics, and genome-wide association studies have successfully linked hundreds of genetic loci to psychiatric disorders. This study focuses on four specific phenotypes related to psychiatry and proposes an exploratory workflow, from GWAS screening to causal testing in animal models, leading to the development of new therapies in humans.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Jinzi Mac Huang, Nicholas J. Moore
Summary: Recent experiments have shown that a soluble body placed in a fluid can spontaneously form a dissolution pinnacle, which resembles naturally occurring karst pinnacles found in stone forests. These pinnacles are the result of the interaction between interface motion and natural convective flows driven by the descent of relatively heavy solute. Previous research suggested that these structures are associated with shock formation in the underlying evolution equations and require the regularizing Gibbs-Thomson effect for finite tip curvature. However, this study has discovered a class of exact solutions that act as attractors for shape dynamics in two and three dimensions. These solutions exhibit large but finite tip curvature without the need for any regularization and match experimental measurements accurately. The relationship between the dimensions of the initial shape and the final state of dissolution may provide a principle for estimating the age and environmental conditions of geological structures.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Amber R. Jolly, Joseph Zailaa, Ugbad Farah, Janty Woojuh, Felicia Makaya Libifani, Darlene Arzate, Christian Alex Caranto, Zayra Correa, Jose Cuba, Josephina Diaz Calderon, Nancy Garcia, Laura Gastelum, Ivette Gutierrez, Matthew Haro, Monserrat Orozco, Jessica Lamban Pinlac, Andoni Miranda, Justin Nava, Christina Nguyen, Edgar Pedroza, Jennyfer Perdomo, Scott Pezzini, Ho Yuen, Christine Scoffoni
Summary: This study investigated the variation in leaf physiology, morphology, and anatomy of Yucca brevifolia and Hesperoyucca whipplei in different microclimates of the Mojave Desert. It found differences in stomatal conductance and leaf thickness, with H. whipplei displaying a higher water conservation strategy than Y. brevifolia. These differences were related to variations in leaf venation and leaf width.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Jeannine H. Richards, Jonathan J. Henn, Quinn M. Sorenson, Mark A. Adams, Duncan D. Smith, Katherine A. McCulloh, Thomas J. Givnish
Summary: The study found eucalypt leaf traits responded strongly to decreasing relative moisture supply, while mistletoes responded less strongly. Some traits in mistletoes shifted parallel with those of hosts, but SLA, leaf thickness, and N per area showed no significant change across the gradient.
Article
Forestry
Veit M. Doerken, Philip G. Ladd, Robert F. Parsons
Summary: We studied a group of microphyllous woody plants and discovered a previously unknown form of leaf peltation, as well as investigated reflexed leaves in two distantly related lineages. Plants have developed various physiological and structural solutions to cope with different environmental conditions, especially those related to water. However, there has been little attention given to leaf characteristics. In this study, we examined the changes in leaf form in small-leaved species from the Asteraceae and Myrtaceae families and found that some develop micropeltate or reflexed leaves as adults.
TREES-STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Nargis Naz, Sana Fatima, Mansoor Hameed, Farooq Ahmad, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Muhammad Ashraf, Hina Shahid, Ummar Iqbal, Muhammad Kaleem, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Iftikhar Ahmad
Summary: The study evaluated the structural and functional adaptations of naturally adapted populations of the leafy succulent desert halophyte Salsola imbricata in highly salt-affected habitats. The populations showed specific modifications in root, stem, and leaf structures, which allowed them to thrive in saline environments. The populations inhabiting highly saline environments exhibited better growth, salt exclusion, and increased uptake of certain ions in roots and shoots.
JOURNAL OF SOIL SCIENCE AND PLANT NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Xiao-Yuan He, Jason Hilton, Shi-Jun Wang, Xin-Shi Cheng
Summary: A new species of Marattialean fern frond Rothwellopteris with morphological and anatomical features suggesting adaptation for mesomorphy is proposed from late Permian aged Xuanwei Formation of South China. This new species is considered a key member in the evolutionary transition within Marattiales, displaying a mix of morphological and anatomical features from both Paleozoic family Psaroniaceae and extant family Marattiaceae.
REVIEW OF PALAEOBOTANY AND PALYNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Nargis Naz, Sana Fatima, Mansoor Hameed, Muhammad Sajid Aqeel Ahmad, Syed Mohsan Raza Shah, Farooq Ahmad, Majid Anwar, Sana Basharat, Ansa Asghar, Muhammad Ashraf
Summary: Using halophytes like Fagonia indica for phytoremediation is an important environmentally friendly technique. F. indica populations from highly saline habitats exhibited structural and functional adaptations for salinity tolerance and phytoremediation. These populations showed deeper roots, taller plants, higher density of salt glands on leaf surface, and higher excretion of Na+, which are key attributes for phytoremediation. The Pati Sir population of F. indica, with the highest salinity, showed the most efficient accumulation and excretion of Na+ and Cl- ions. Anatomical modifications in this population indicated better salt tolerance and potential for green reclamation of hypersaline uncultivated lands.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Cecilia Zumajo-Cardona, Barbara A. Ambrose
Summary: The study focuses on the expression patterns of key genes in the development of integuments in the ovules of Gnetum gnemon, a gymnosperm plant with unique ovule morphology, highlighting differences compared to angiosperms.