Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kornelius Zeth, Enea Sancho-Vaello
Summary: The human cathelicidin LL-37 is a versatile peptide with antimicrobial activity, playing a crucial role in targeting microorganisms. Recent structural studies have revealed the diversity and adaptability of LL-37 in interacting with lipid-like molecules. Complexes of LL-37 with detergents provide insights into mimicking lipids and inducing oligomerization and fibrillation, opening avenues for designing LL-37-derived peptides with enhanced antibiotic properties.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Xin Jiang, Chenguang Yang, Jie Qiu, Dongfei Ma, Cheng Xu, Shuxin Hu, Weijing Han, Bing Yuan, Ying Lu
Summary: LL-37 is able to induce specific permeability of a phosphoethanolamine-rich mitochondrial membrane in a protein-independent manner, offering an alternative pathway for LL-37-triggered mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis.
Article
Biology
Piotr Kolesinski, Kuei-Chen Wang, Yujiro Hirose, Victor Nizet, Partho Ghosh
Summary: This study revealed the specific binding mechanism between the Streptococcus pyogenes M protein and the human antimicrobial peptide LL-37, providing important insights into the drug resistance of streptococcus.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chih-Chin Shih, Wei-Chieh Liao, Hung-Yen Ke, Chia-Wen Kuo, Cheng-Ming Tsao, Wen-Chiuan Tsai, Yi-Lin Chiu, Hsieh-Chou Huang, Chin-Chen Wu
Summary: Global warming increases the incidence of heat stroke, which leads to intestinal barrier disruption, microbial translocation, systemic inflammation, and multiple organ failure. Cathelicidin LL-37 has protective effects on the intestine and could prevent heat stress-induced intestinal damage and heat-related illnesses.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Shanthini Kalimuthu, Akhila Pudipeddi, Grazyna Bras, Julian A. Tanner, Maria Rapala-Kozik, Yiu Yan Leung, Prasanna Neelakantan
Summary: The study investigated the activity of LL-37-based peptides against Candida albicans. It was found that GK-17, a 17 amino acid peptide, showed remarkable stability to fungal aspartyl proteases and had inhibitory effects on adhesion, biofilm formation, and preformed biofilms. In addition, GK-17 exhibited concentration-dependent biocompatibility to red blood cells.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Oriana Simonetti, Oscar Cirioni, Gaia Goteri, Guendalina Lucarini, Elzbieta Kamysz, Wojciech Kamysz, Fiorenza Orlando, Giulio Rizzetto, Elisa Molinelli, Gianluca Morroni, Roberto Ghiselli, Mauro Provinciali, Andrea Giacometti, Annamaria Offidani
Summary: LL-37 has a potential future role in the management of infected wounds, promoting wound healing and angiogenesis.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yingxia Zhang, Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana, Qianhui Wu, Xiangli Dang, Guangshun Wang
Summary: The innate immune system in humans is crucial for protection from infections, with the cathelicidin LL-37 playing a key role. The SK-24 peptide, derived from LL-37, exhibits strong antimicrobial activity against bacterial membranes, potentially making it a valuable therapeutic template for human antimicrobial defense.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yang Zhou, Zuying Zhou, Lin Zheng, Zipeng Gong, Yueting Li, Yang Jin, Yong Huang, Mingyan Chi
Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common bacterial infections caused by various pathogens, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being the most prevalent causative agent. UPEC has shown adaptive evolution in invading the urinary tract and surviving inside cells. Despite the success of antibiotic therapy, the increasing antimicrobial resistance and high recurrence rates pose challenges to its efficacy. Thus, there is a need to explore alternative treatment options, such as vaccines and medicinal plants, that target multiple pathogenic mechanisms of UPEC to combat antibiotic resistance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Matthias Keutmann, Gabriele Hermes, Denise Meinberger, Annika Roth, Jannik Stemler, Oliver A. Cornely, Andreas R. Klatt, Thomas Streichert
Summary: Several studies have discussed the beneficial effects of vitamin D on COVID-19 progression. Vitamin D stimulates the expression of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37, which has been shown to antagonize SARS-CoV-2. This study investigated the association between LL-37 and vitamin D serum levels and the severity of COVID-19. The findings suggest that the LL-37/leukocyte count ratio could be used as an indicator to assess the risk of COVID-19 progression at an early stage.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Infectious Diseases
Kylen E. Ridyard, Joerg Overhage
Summary: LL-37 shows promise as an alternative to conventional antibiotics due to its broad spectrum antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties, but faces limitations such as high cost and toxicity to human cells.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Joanna Tokajuk, Piotr Deptula, Ewelina Piktel, Tamara Daniluk, Sylwia Chmielewska, Tomasz Wollny, Przemyslaw Wolak, Krzysztof Fiedoruk, Robert Bucki
Summary: The mechanisms for maintaining oral cavity homeostasis are influenced by environmental factors, and the oral microbiota and immune molecules play important roles. The LL-37 peptide is involved in maintaining microbial balance and is associated with the development of oral pathologies and systemic diseases.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tomasz Wollny, Urszula Wnorowska, Ewelina Piktel, Lukasz Suprewicz, Grzegorz Krol, Katarzyna Gluszek, Stanislaw Gozdz, Janusz Kopczynski, Robert Bucki
Summary: The role of inflammation in bladder cancer development is still unclear. This study investigates the potential role of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a regulator of cellular processes in inflammation and cancer, and its effect on the expression of human cathelicidin (hCAP-18). The study suggests that S1P may promote bladder cancer development by stimulating the expression of hCAP-18.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Atta Ur Rahman, Bakhtawar Khan, Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli, Amal S. Alswat, Aftab Amin, Refaat A. Eid, Mohamed Samir A. Zaki, Sadia Butt, Jamshaid Ahmad, Eman Fayad, Amin Ullah
Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in the population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan, with Klebsiella pneumoniae being the most prevalent uropathogen. Imipenem was identified as the most effective antibiotic, while cefuroxime and ciprofloxacin showed the least effectiveness.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Hamed Memariani, Mojtaba Memariani
Summary: Despite continuous efforts to develop effective antibiofilm chemotherapeutics, biofilm-associated infections remain a challenging issue in medicine. The human cathelicidin LL-37 has shown promise in treating such infectious diseases due to its broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulatory properties. This paper aims to comprehensively review the antibiofilm effects of LL-37. Accumulating evidence suggests that LL-37 is able to prevent biofilm establishment by various bacterial pathogens, and it functions through mechanisms such as inhibiting bacterial adhesion and degrading biofilm matrix. However, more research is needed to determine its efficacy and safety in vivo.
WORLD JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Carlo Zagaglia, Maria Grazia Ammendolia, Linda Maurizi, Mauro Nicoletti, Catia Longhi
Summary: Urinary tract infections caused by Uropathogenic Escherichia coli are common worldwide. They invade urothelial cells and form bacterial aggregates, leading to persistent infection. The increasing antibiotic resistance and number of multidrug resistant UPEC strains highlight the need for new treatment strategies.