Review
Oncology
Luis Cabezon-Gutierrez, Sara Custodio-Cabello, Magda Palka-Kotlowska, David Diaz-Perez, Maria Mateos-Dominguez, Pablo Galindo-Jara
Summary: This review summarizes the evidence from studies on the efficacy and tolerability of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) or microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (LARC). A total of 92 studies were obtained, but only 9 were included in the final analysis, showing overall response rates of 100%. The promising results suggest the potential to explore alternative treatments for these patients in the future.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Deborah Schrag, Qian Shi, Martin R. Weiser, Marc J. Gollub, Leonard B. Saltz, Benjamin L. Musher, Joel Goldberg, Tareq Al Baghdadi, Karyn A. Goodman, Robert R. McWilliams, Jeffrey M. Farma, Thomas J. George, Hagen F. Kennecke, Ardaman Shergill, Michael Montemurro, Garth D. Nelson, Brian Colgrove, Vallerie Gordon, Alan P. Venook, Eileen M. O'Reilly, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Amylou C. Dueck, Ethan Basch, George J. Chang, Harvey J. Mamon
Summary: Preoperative FOLFOX chemotherapy is as effective as preoperative chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer eligible for sphincter-sparing surgery.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Vinod Sharma, Atul Sharma, Vinod Raina, Deepak Dabkara, Bidhu Kalyan Mohanti, N. K. Shukla, Sushmita Pathy, Sanjay Thulkar, S. V. S. Deo, Sunil Kumar, Ranjit Kumar Sahoo
Summary: This retrospective observational study from a large referral tertiary care center in North India evaluated the long-term outcome of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and found a relatively poorer prognosis compared to published literature. The study highlighted unique clinico-pathologic characteristics such as younger patient population, rectal primary site, higher incidence of signet and mucinous histology, and increased peritoneum involvement. Routine use of targeted therapies was limited, but potential strategies for increasing availability were discussed.
Article
Oncology
Victor Lago, Blanca Segarra-Vidal, Serena Cappucio, Martina Aida Angeles, Christina Fotopoulou, Mustafa Zelal Muallem, Israel Manzanedo, Jose Luis Sanchez Iglesias, Enrique Chacon, Pablo Padilla-Iserte, Anna Fagotti, Gwenael Ferron, Luisa Kluge, Virginia Vargiu, Mathilde Del, Giovanni Scambia, Lucas Minig, Alvaro Tejerizo, Myriam Garcia Segovia, Pedro Antonio Cascales-Campos, David Hervas, Santiago Domingo
Summary: This study validated a predictive model for selecting patients who would benefit from a diverting ileostomy without increasing the rate of stoma use compared to subjective clinical criteria.
GYNECOLOGIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Elena De Mattia, Jerry Polesel, Silvia Mezzalira, Elisa Palazzari, Sara Pollesel, Giuseppe Toffoli, Erika Cecchin
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the clinical value of RAS, TP53, BRAF, PIK3CA, and SMAD4 mutations and microsatellite instability (MSI) status as markers for pathological complete response (pCR) in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients who received preoperative radiation-based therapy. The study found that KRAS mutations were significantly associated with the risk of not achieving pCR after preoperative treatment, especially in patients who did not receive cetuximab. No other markers were associated with pCR. Implementing KRAS mutation testing in clinical practice could improve the management of LARC patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roxana Zaharie, Dan Valean, Calin Popa, Alin Fetti, Claudiu Zdrehus, Aida Puia, Lia Usatiuc, Diana Schlanger, Florin Zaharie
Summary: Colitis-associated colo-rectal cancer is the main cause of death in inflammatory bowel diseases, and inflammation plays a key role in connecting the two pathologies. The NLRP3 inflammasome complex is important in innate immunity, but its dysregulation can lead to various pathologies like ulcerative colitis. Our review focuses on understanding the regulation of the NLRP3 complex and its role in current clinical settings. Promising results from 18 studies identified potential pathways for regulating the NLRP3 complex and its involvement in the metastatic process of colo-rectal cancer. However, more research is needed to validate these findings in a clinical setting.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Alessandra Rigamonti, Friedrich Feuerhake, Matteo Donadon, Massimo Locati, Federica Marchesi
Summary: Prognostic studies are providing new tools to stratify colo-rectal liver metastasis patients into clinical subgroups, with significant implications for clinical management and therapeutic choice. Future efforts will focus on implementing deep-learning histopathological tools and integrating histopathological and immune metrics in multiparametric scores.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Xiangyu Liu, Chenming Yu, Zhuo Zhao, Yiping Zheng, Xin Chen, Dandan Zhou
Summary: This article presents a rare and difficult-to-diagnose case of rectal malakoplakia. The disease has diverse clinical manifestations and radiological findings, often mimicking malignancy. It is crucial for radiologists to be aware of this condition and consider it in the differential diagnosis. Endoscopic evaluation and histological examination can help make a correct diagnosis, preventing unnecessary surgical resection.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Andrea Cercek, Melissa Lumish, Jenna Sinopoli, Jill Weiss, Jinru Shia, Michelle Lamendola-Essel, Imane H. El Dika, Neil Segal, Marina Shcherba, Ryan Sugarman, Zsofia Stadler, Rona Yaeger, J. Joshua Smith, Benoit Rousseau, Guillem Argiles, Miteshkumar Patel, Avni Desai, Leonard B. Saltz, Maria Widmar, Krishna Iyer, Janie Zhang, Nicole Gianino, Christopher Crane, Paul B. Romesser, Emmanouil P. Pappou, Philip Paty, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Mithat Gonen, Marc Gollub, Martin R. Weiser, Kurt A. Schalper, Luis A. Diaz
Summary: This study found that mismatch repair-deficient, locally advanced rectal cancer is highly sensitive to PD-1 blockade. Additionally, no adverse events of grade 3 or higher have been reported, and no cases of progression or recurrence have been observed. Longer follow-up is needed to assess the duration of response.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Chul Seung Lee, In Hye Song, Ahwon Lee, Jun Kang, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyu Lee, Young Soo Song, Sung Hak Lee
Summary: Targeted NGS technology can detect specific mutations in CRC patients, with TP53 and ATM mutations showing significant associations with clinicopathological characteristics and survival outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Xiaoyu Hu, Zhuang Xue, Kewen He, Yaru Tian, Yu Chen, Mengyu Zhao, Jinming Yu, Jinbo Yue
Summary: Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is a highly heterogeneous tumor group, and the risk of recurrence can be classified by MRI as low to very high according to ESMO guidelines. In the era of precision medicine, treatment decisions should be based on risk stratification. Not all LARC cases are appropriate for the traditional neoadjuvant sandwich strategy. Treatment modalities for LARC have evolved dramatically in recent years, with multiple clinical trials focused on optimizing strategies to improve outcomes for patients.
Article
Oncology
Qiao-Xuan Wang, Bin-Yi Xiao, Yong Cheng, Ai-Wen Wu, Tao Zhang, Hui Wang, Xuan Zhang, Wei-Xin Huang, Jing-Hua Tang, Wu Jiang, Scott R. Steele, Smitha Krishnamurthi, Yuan Li, Jian Cai, Ling-Heng Kong, Dan-Dan Li, Zhi-Zhong Pan, Xiao-Shi Zhang, Pei-Rong Ding
Summary: In patients with DNA mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR)/microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) rectal cancer, anti-PD-1 immunotherapy may lead to clinical complete response (cCR). This retrospective study analyzed data from six institutions and found that adopting immunotherapy as curative-intent treatment could be an alternative option for patients who achieve cCR.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Jordan R. Wlodarczyk, Sang W. Lee
Summary: Rectal cancer treatment varies depending on the characteristics of the tumor, including minimally invasive surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and robotic surgery. For early-stage rectal cancer, achieving a complete pathologic response is the goal, with various neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimens employed. New platforms for resection have been introduced for patients with problematic pelvic anatomy. Advances have been made in hepatic and pulmonary metastasectomy for late-stage rectal cancer, and HIPEC with cytoreductive therapy is preferred for peritoneal spread. Understanding these treatment interventions is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Article
Oncology
Stephan Bartels, Isabel Grote, Madeleine Wagner, Jannik Boog, Elisa Schipper, Tanja Reineke-Plaass, Hans Kreipe, Ulrich Lehmann
Summary: This study compared NGS and MSI-PCR methods for analyzing microsatellite instability in 263 cases and found that NGS has high sensitivity and specificity compared to MSI-PCR. However, there is a risk of false-negative results by NGS, especially for cases with a subtle MSI+ phenotype, such as EC cases, and it is preferable to use capillary electrophoresis for analysis.
Article
Oncology
Anthony B. Mariathasan, Kjetil Boye, Svein Dueland, Kjersti Flatmark, Stein G. Larsen
Summary: This study aimed to describe the frequency, pattern, and outcome of metastatic disease in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) patients after curative resection. Liver and lungs were the most common sites of metastasis, with factors such as involved resection margins, tumor stage, and response to chemoradiotherapy affecting metastasis development and overall survival. Selective metastasectomy was associated with better long-term outcomes in LARC patients with liver and lung metastases.
Article
Pathology
Umberto Malapelle, Pasquale Pisapia, Antonino Iaccarino, Massimo Barberis, Claudio Bellevicine, Hans Brunnstrom, Dario de Biase, Giovanna De Maglio, Kajsa Ericson Lindquist, Matteo Fassan, Gabriella Fontanini, Elisa Gruppioni, Paul Hofman, Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse, Miguel A. Molina Vila, Anais Pujals, Ida Rapa, Luisella Righi, Rafael Rosell, Oliver Schildgen, Verena Schildgen, Fernando C. Schmitt, Giovanni Tallini, Sara Vander Borght, Elena Vigliar, Marco Volante, Svenja Wagener-Ryczek, Birgit Weynand, Giancarlo Troncone
Summary: The workload of molecular testing for patients with advanced-stage lung cancer during the lockdown showed little variations. Local strategies to overcome health emergency-related issues included the preference for RT-PCR tissue-based testing methodologies and, occasionally, for liquid biopsy.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
R. Michael Dutescu, Peter Banasik, Oliver Schildgen, Norbert Schrage, Daniel Uthoff
Summary: This study found a higher percentage of coronavirus RNA in tears of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients using tear fluid sampling technique similar to oropharyngeal lavage compared to earlier reports using conjunctival swabs. Although patients in intensive care showed ocular symptoms, viral conjunctivitis was not observed in any patients.
Letter
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jessica Luesebrink, Verena Schildgen, Oliver Schildgen
INFECTION CONTROL AND HOSPITAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Vanessa Vedder, Verena Schildgen, Jessica Lusebrink, Ramona Liza Tillmann, Birgitta Domscheit, Wolfram Windisch, Christian Karagiannidis, Michael Brockmann, Oliver Schildgen
Summary: The study compared the cytological profiles of BALs from patients infected with various respiratory pathogens, finding that different pathogens caused distinct cell pattern changes but no general cell distribution pattern. Although the cytology pattern of BAL fluid is not specific enough to be used as the sole diagnostic criterion for COVID-19, it may support clinical decision-making.
Article
Microbiology
Verena Schildgen, Sabrina Demuth, Jessica Luesebrink, Oliver Schildgen
Summary: This study analyzed the performance of three different rapid antigen tests in a clinical setting, showing varying specificities and sensitivities which did not entirely meet all expectations. Therefore, careful evaluation is needed when considering their benefits for specific testing strategies and settings.
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Andreas Kretschmer, Annelene Kossow, Barbara Gruene, Oliver Schildgen, Tim Mathes, Verena Schildgen
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Expression of Concern
Virology
Eric O. Freed, Oliver Schildgen
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Verena Schildgen, Jessica Luesebrink, Oliver Schildgen
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Verena Schildgen, Jessica Luesebrink, Oliver Schildgen
JOURNAL OF INFECTION
(2023)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
M. Nitsch, T. Stahlhut, O. Schildgen, V. Schildgen
NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS
(2022)
Letter
Infectious Diseases
Verena Schildgen, Jessica Luesebrink, Oliver Schildgen
NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Veronika Weyerer, Nadina Ortiz-Bruchle, Melanie Demes, Oliver Schildgen, Johannes Haybaeck, Gabriela Westphal, Philip Sander, Thomas Mairinger, Wolfgang Goering, Thomas Aigner, Udo Siebolts, Annika Moske, Achim Battmann, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Karsten Neumann, Lars Tharun, Daniela Nussbeck, Marianna Sciortino, Bruno Markl, Eva Wardelmann, Arndt Hartmann, Nikola Holtkamp
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Meeting Abstract
Pathology
Veronika Weyerer, Nadina Ortiz-Bruechle, Melanie Demes, Oliver Schildgen, Johannes Haybaeck, Gabriela Westphal, Philip Sander, Thomas Mairinger, Wolfgang Goering, Thomas Aigner, Udo Siebolts, Annika Moske, Achim Battmann, Hans Michael Kvasnicka, Karsten Neumann, Lars Tharun, Daniela Nussbeck, Marianna Sciortino, Bruno Markl, Eva Wardelmann, Arndt Hartmann, Nikola Holtkamp
Letter
Respiratory System
Matthias Obenaus, Oliver Schildgen, Dirk Schuermann, Ann-Christin von Bruenneck, Martin Janz, Ulrich Keller, Bernhard Gebauer, Johannes Schilling, Stefan Schwartz, Benedikt Weissbrich, Thomas Schneider, Joerg Hofmann, Stephan Mathas
Letter
Infectious Diseases
S. Demuth, S. Damaschek, O. Schildgen, V. Schildgen
Summary: European strategies on SARS-CoV-2 antigen testing focus on rapid tests conducted by healthcare professionals and self-tests, but evidence shows weak performance even under laboratory conditions.
NEW MICROBES AND NEW INFECTIONS
(2021)