Article
Chemistry, Physical
Hongliang Sun, Dongdong Feng, Yu Zhang, Shaozeng Sun, Yijun Zhao, Feng Zhang
Summary: This paper investigates the coke accumulation characteristics in catalytic tar reforming using different K and Ca-loaded biochar catalysts. The results indicate that K-loaded biochar exhibits a higher tar conversion capacity, while H-form biochar has a lower tar removal efficiency. The loading of K/Ca affects the growth structure of the coke, with K-loaded biochar retaining a higher micropore area and experiencing a smaller increase in average pore size. Furthermore, the loading of K promotes the dehydrogenation of tar components, while only K catalyzes the deoxygenation of tar components. These findings are important for improving the efficiency and selectivity of tar reforming.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Hong Tian, Yangyue Wei, Shan Cheng, Zhangjun Huang, Mengxia Qing, Yingquan Chen, Haiping Yang, Yang Yang
Summary: The study found that high lignin content is favorable for improving the reactivity of biochar, and the activity of xylan biochar is affected by the content of alkali and alkaline earth metals, while the activity of cellulose biochar is influenced by the porous structure.
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Jean-Marc Chaix, Renaud Bouchet, Didier Bouvard, Timothee Fabre, Tristan Garnault, Christelle Harnois, Kouami Koutoati, Marie Lachal, Sylvain Marinel, Marlu Cesar Steil
Summary: Microwave sintering and flash sintering are ceramic processing techniques that utilize electromagnetic or electrical fields to generate heating inside the material. However, the occurrence of hot spots, localized temperature excess, can have significant effects on the sintered parts. This article discusses the common origin of hot spots in both techniques, their development, and potential ways to mitigate their adverse effects.
ADVANCED ENGINEERING MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shuo Zhang, Yunfei Wu, Yiming Wang, Mei Zhong, Guijin Wang, Yanpeng Ban, Shun Zhao, Haoquan Hu, Lijun Jin
Summary: This study applied a CO2-enhanced water leaching method to remove alkali/alkaline earth metallic species from biochar and used the demineralized biochar as a catalyst for upgrading pyrolysis biooil. The results showed that the pore structure of the catalyst played a dominant role in increasing phenols contents, while alkali/alkaline earth metallic species enhanced the polymerization of aromatic hydrocarbons and the decarbonylation of oxygenated compounds.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jiahao Jiang, Ruiyu Li, Kaixuan Yang, Yuhang Li, Lei Deng, Defu Che
Summary: Biochar derived from soybean straw with AAEMs enrichment demonstrates excellent adsorption performance for Pb2+, with metal ion exchange and precipitation as the main mechanisms. The cation exchange capacity (CEC) shows a high correlation with the contribution of metal ion exchange with AAEMs. Additionally, the contribution of precipitation is consistent with the variation of soluble CO32- content in biochar. These findings highlight the potential of AAEMs-enriched soybean straw biochar as a prospective adsorbent for Pb2+ elimination.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heather Welch, Tyler Clavelle, Timothy D. White, Megan A. Cimino, Jennifer Van Osdel, Timothy Hochberg, David Kroodsma, Elliott L. Hazen
Summary: Illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing causes significant economic losses, damage to aquatic life, and human rights violations. Vessel tracking data can help combat this issue, but the disabling of transponders reduces its effectiveness. A global dataset reveals that up to 6% of vessel activity is obscured, with hot spots of disabling located near Argentina, West African nations, and the Northwest Pacific. Disabling is most prevalent near transshipment hot spots and contested EEZ boundaries. The study also suggests a connection between disabling and hiding locations from competitors and pirates.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhenyu Zhao, Xi Shen, Hong Li, Kai Liu, Haoyu Wu, Xingang Li, Xin Gao
Summary: The study utilized Eu/Tb mixed-metal organic complexes as nano thermometers to probe the intrinsic temperature of MW-absorbing particles in MW fields, and derived an MW-irradiated energy transfer model to predict the extent of microscopic hot spots. The results show that the MW-induced temperature gradient can be enlarged by increasing MW intensity, dielectric loss, and particle size, while lowered by the increase in thermal conductivity and dielectric loss of the liquid.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2022)
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Haoran Yu, Shuang Ma, Yiwen Li, Paul A. Dalby
Summary: Directed evolution is a powerful strategy to engineer protein properties, and hot spot prediction is crucial for producing smart libraries. Selection of hot spots based on sequence and structure allows for efficient generation of proteins with desired properties.
BIOTECHNOLOGY ADVANCES
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Thomas Vasileiadis, Adnane Noual, Yuchen Wang, Bartlomiej Graczykowski, Bahram Djafari-Rouhani, Shu Yang, George Fytas
Summary: This study investigates the effect of plasmonic coupling on optomechanics using Brillouin light spectroscopy in a nanocomposite system of gold nanorods and polyvinyl alcohol. The intensity of inelastically scattered light on thermal phonons is found to be strongly influenced by the wavelength of the probing light, revealing different vibrational modes for resonant and off-resonant light.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
P. Deepak, Sowmya S. Sundaram
Summary: The pervasiveness of tracking devices and availability of spatially located data has increased the interest in using them for policy interventions such as spatial hot spot detection. This paper introduces the concept of fairness in detecting spatial hot spots and presents a method, called FiSH, for efficiently identifying high-quality, fair, and diverse sets of spatial hot spots.
DATA MINING AND KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Sheng Li, Yimin Zhang, Yizhong Yuan, Pengcheng Hu
Summary: Microwave heating was used to improve acid leaching in this study. The effects of various factors on vanadium recovery were investigated through analysis and simulation. A vanadium recovery of 80.66% was achieved using microwave heating. Compared to conventional leaching, microwave-assisted leaching increased vanadium recovery by 6.18% and reduced leaching time by 79.17%.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MINERALS METALLURGY AND MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Ergonomics
M. Al Hamami, T. C. Matisziw
Summary: Vehicular accidents can happen anywhere and at any time, but research suggests that spatial and temporal dependencies among accidents likely exist. Analyzing the morphological characteristics of accident hot spots and tracking their dynamics is crucial for mitigation and prevention efforts. A GIS-based framework can be utilized to facilitate the analysis of hot spot morphology over time and detect informative spatial and temporal patterns.
ACCIDENT ANALYSIS AND PREVENTION
(2021)
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Eric J. Rubin, Lindsey R. Baden, Stephen Morrissey
Summary: This article discusses the variations in infection rates and illness around the world and the implications for physicians.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
S. Demirci, T. Lappi, S. Schlichting
Summary: By calculating cross sections with fluctuating color charges Gaussian hot spots, we find that the existence of gluonic hot spots inside the proton affects the production cross sections, which are sensitive to the size of the target, the structure of the probe, and the transverse momentum transfer (t).
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Haibo Pang, Jie Jian, Yan Zhuang, Yingyun Ye, Zhanbo Li
Summary: The study finds that AFL suffers from energy waste issue, and proposes a new fuzzing solution SpotFuzz to improve efficiency by better allocating energy and selecting seeds. SpotFuzz has shown to find 42.96% more unique crashes and 14.25% more edges on average compared to AFL.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Yinping Xiang, Meiying Jia, Rui Xu, Jialu Xu, Lele He, Haihao Peng, Weimin Sun, Dongbo Wang, Weiping Xiong, Zhaohui Yang
Summary: This study investigated the impact of the non-antibiotic pharmaceutical carbamazepine on antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during anaerobic digestion. The results showed that carbamazepine induced the enrichment of ARGs and increased the abundance of bacteria carrying these genes. It also facilitated microbial aggregation and intercellular communication, leading to an increased frequency of ARGs transmission. Moreover, carbamazepine promoted the acquisition of ARGs by pathogens and elevated their overall abundance.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Weixin Zhao, Tianyi Hu, Hao Ma, Dan Li, Qingliang Zhao, Junqiu Jiang, Liangliang Wei
Summary: This review summarizes the effects and potential mechanisms of biochar on microbial behavior in AD systems. The addition of biochar has been found to promote microbial colonization, alleviate stress, provide nutrients, and enhance enzyme activity. Future research directions include targeted design of biochar, in-depth study of microbial mechanisms, and improved models.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Christina Karmann, Anna Magrova, Pavel Jenicek, Jan Bartacek, Vojtech Kouba
Summary: This review assesses nitrogen removal technologies in reject water treatment, highlighting the differences in environmental impacts and economic benefits. Partial nitritation-anammox shows potential for economic benefits and positive environmental outcomes when operated and controlled properly.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Wei-Hao Huang, Ying-Ju Chang, Duu-Jong Lee
Summary: This study modified pinecone biochar with layered double hydroxide (LDH) to enhance its adsorption capacity for heavy metal and phosphate ions. The LDH-biochar showed significantly improved adsorption capacities for Pb2+ and phosphate, and a slight increase for Cu2+ and Co2+. The LDH layer enhanced the adsorption through various mechanisms.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Chao Song, Fanfan Cai, Shuang Yang, Ligong Wang, Guangqing Liu, Chang Chen
Summary: This paper developed a machine learning model to predict the biochemical methane potential during anaerobic digestion. Model analysis identified lignin content, organic loading, and nitrogen content as key attributes for methane production prediction. For feedstocks with high cellulose content, early methane production is lower but can be improved by prolonging digestion time. Moreover, lignin content exceeding a certain value significantly inhibits methane production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sang Min Lee, Ju Young Lee, Ji-Sook Hahn, Seung-Ho Baek
Summary: This study successfully developed an efficient platform strain using Yarrowia lipolytica for the bioconversion of renewable resources into adipic acid, achieving a remarkable increase in production level.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Sefkan Kendir, Matthias Franzreb
Summary: This study presents a novel approach using magnetic separation to efficiently harvest freshwater microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris. By combining pH-induced calcium phosphate precipitation with cheap natural magnetite microparticles, harvesting efficiencies up to 98% were achieved in the model medium.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Ishaq Kariim, Ji-Yeon Park, Wajahat Waheed Kazmi, Hulda Swai, In-Gu Lee, Thomas Kivevele
Summary: The impact of reaction temperature, residence time, and ethanol: acetone on the energy compositions and yield enhancement of biocrudes was investigated. The results showed that under appropriate conditions, biocrudes with high energy and low oxygen content can be obtained, indicating a high potential for utilization.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xiyue Zhang, Xiyao Li, Liang Zhang, Yongzhen Peng
Summary: Intermittent aeration is an innovative approach to enhance nitrogen removal in low carbon-to-nitrogen ratio municipal sewage, providing an efficient strategy for the continuous plug-flow AOA process.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Xu Yang, Mahmoud Mazarji, Mengtong Li, Aohua Li, Ronghua Li, Zengqiang Zhang, Junting Pan
Summary: This study investigated the impact of magnetite on the nitrogen cycle of pig manure biostabilisation. The addition of magnetite increased N2O emissions and decreased NH3 emissions during composting. It also increased the total nitrogen content but should be considered for its significant increase in N2O emissions in engineering practice.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Review
Agricultural Engineering
Ty Shitanaka, Haylee Fujioka, Muzammil Khan, Manpreet Kaur, Zhi-Yan Du, Samir Kumar Khanal
Summary: The market value of microalgae has exponentially increased in the past two decades, thanks to their applications in various industries. However, the supply of high-value microalgal bioproducts is limited due to several factors, and strategies are being explored to overcome these limitations and improve microalgae production, thus increasing the availability of algal-derived bioproducts in the market.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Martin Kerner, Thorsten Wolff, Torsten Brinkmann
Summary: The efficiency of using enriched CO2 from flue gas for large-scale production of green microalgae has been studied. The results show that the use of membrane devices and static mixers can effectively improve the CO2 recovery rate and maintain the suitable pH and temperature during cultivation, achieving a more economical and sustainable microalgae production.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rui Ma, Ji Li, Rd Tyagi, Xiaolei Zhang
Summary: This review summarizes the microorganisms capable of using CO2 and CH4 to produce PHAs, illustrating the production process, factors influencing it, and discussing optimization techniques. It identifies the challenges and future prospects for developing economically viable PHAs production using GHGs as a carbon source.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Bing Wang, Peng Zhang, Xu Guo, Xu Bao, Junjie Tian, Guomin Li, Jian Zhang
Summary: The addition of zeolite in the co-composting of chicken manure and straw significantly reduced the emissions of ammonia and N2O, and increased the nitrate content. Zeolite also promoted the abundance of nitrification genes and inhibited the expression of denitrification genes.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Rohit Dey, Franziska Ortiz Tena, Song Wang, Josef Martin Messmann, Christian Steinweg, Claudia Thomsen, Clemens Posten, Stefan Leu, Matthias S. Ullrich, Laurenz Thomsen
Summary: This study investigated the operation of a 1000L microalgae-based membrane photobioreactor system for continuous secondary wastewater treatment. The research focused on a green microalgae strain called Desmodesmus sp. The study aimed to understand key trends and optimization strategies by conducting experiments in both summer and winter seasons. The findings showed that maintaining low cell concentrations during periods of light inhibition was beneficial for nutrient uptake rates. Effective strategies for enhancing algae-based wastewater treatment included cell mass recycling and adjusting dilution rates based on light availability.
BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY
(2024)