Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Kwang Ho Yoo, Nikita Thapa, Yong Joon Chwae, Seung Hyun Yoon, Beom Joon Kim, Jung Ok Lee, You Na Jang, Jaeyoung Kim
Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) still lacks an effective and safe treatment. Targeting transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and using stem cell-derived exosomes have emerged as potential therapeutic approaches for OA.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ji Wang, Zongyu Xiao, Peng Li, Chunwang Wu, Yan Li, Qing Wang, Yanming Chen, Honglong Zhou, Zhi Li, Zhaotao Wang, Qing Lan, Yezhong Wang
Summary: PRMT6, a type I arginine methyltransferase, asymmetrically di-methylates the arginine residues of both histones and non-histones. Increasing evidence indicates that PRMT6 plays a tumor mediator involved in human malignancies. Investigation of PRMT6 expression in glioma tissues demonstrated that PRMT6 is overexpressed, and elevated expression of PRMT6 is negatively correlated with poor prognosis in glioma/GBM patients. Silencing PRMT6 inhibited GBM cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, while overexpressing PRMT6 had opposite results.
Review
Cell Biology
Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior, Chrysoula Tsirigoti, Sai Kiang Lim, Carl-Henrik Heldin, Aristidis Moustakas
Summary: This review summarizes the impact of extracellular vesicles (EVs) on the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathway in cancer. The cargo of EVs, including various molecules associated with TGF-beta pathway, can influence tumorigenesis, metastatic spread, immune evasion, and response to treatment. Additionally, TGF-beta-related molecules in circulating EVs show potential as useful biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment response in cancer patients.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Cheng-Han Tsai, Chun-Yuan Chang, Bing-Ze Lin, Yu-Lou Wu, Meng-Hsiu Wu, Liang-Tin Lin, Wen-Chien Huang, Jonathan D. Holz, Tzong-Jen Sheu, Jhih-Shian Lee, Richard N. Kitsis, Pei-Han Tai, Yi-Jang Lee
Summary: The study found that cofilin-1 plays a crucial role in cell senescence by affecting morphological changes and cell enlargement. It induces cell senescence through the regulation of p27(Kip1), independent of p53 and p16(INK4) expressions. Additionally, cofilin-1 upregulation can also induce the expression of p27(Kip1) by suppressing the TEAD1 transcription factor, which in turn leads to senescence-related phenotypes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhuo Chen, Hanjie Yu, Xiangqin Chen, Wentian Chen, Wanghua Song, Zheng Li
Summary: TGF-beta superfamily members play important roles in various diseases, and glycosylation modification is involved in the regulation of TGF-beta signaling pathway. There is a complex mutual regulation between glycosylation and TGF-beta signaling, which affects biological processes.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Huijie Gao, Zhaobin He, Chao Gao, Naiqing Liu, Zhaoyang Zhang, Weibo Niu, Jun Niu, Cheng Peng
Summary: This study identified exosome-encapsulated miR-3124-5p as a promoter of the malignant progression of cholangiocarcinoma by targeting GDF11. Exosomal miR-3124-5p and GDF11 could potentially serve as biomarkers or therapeutic targets for cholangiocarcinoma.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kun Zhang, Kaizhao Hu, Qian Li, Min Li, Ke Gao, Kecheng Yang, Bing Zhao, Xiao-Jing Shi, Lirong Zhang, Hong-Min Liu
Summary: Skp2 is a component of cullin-RING ligases, and its high expression is associated with aggressive tumor tissues and poor prognosis. In this study, a series of new Skp2 inhibitors were synthesized and their structure-activity relationship was systematically studied. Among them, compound 14i showed potent activity against Skp2 and exhibited effective anticancer effects on PC-3 and MGC-803 cells as well as xenograft mouse models.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Judit Bovari-Biri, Kitti Garai, Krisztina Banfai, Veronika Csongei, Judit E. Pongracz
Summary: The human body has multiple barriers to protect it from harm and maintain its integrity. These barriers include the skin, intestinal and respiratory epithelia, blood-brain barrier, and immune system. This review focuses on the physical barriers formed by cell layers and emphasizes the role of microRNA in maintaining the integrity of these barriers. Detecting changes in microRNA patterns has become important in diagnostics, prognosis, and therapy-response markers. The review also highlights the challenges in using liquid biopsies for assessing barrier integrity and differential microRNA detection.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Joo Hang Lee, Jihyeon Song, In Gyu Kim, Gayeon You, Han Kim, Joong-Hoon Ahn, Hyejung Mok
Summary: In this study, combination therapy using a TGF beta RI kinase inhibitor and TLR 7/8 agonist encapsulated within EXOs was shown to be effective in treating melanoma and prostate cancer. The therapy reduced tumor migration and triggered the release of proinflammatory cytokines, leading to reduced tumor growth and improved survival rate.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Yunjeong Park, Sung Pil Choo, Gee Soo Jung, Sehee Kim, Min Jung Lee, Wooseok Im, Hyemin Park, Inha Lee, Jae Hoon Lee, Sihyun Cho, Young Sik Choi
Summary: This study evaluated the effects of formononetin on endometriosis progression and found that it inhibits the proliferation of endometria in patients with endometriosis through the regulation of p27, pSTAT3, and PR-B. Formononetin treatment also significantly reduced the number of endometriotic lesions in an endometriosis mouse model. It may be a potential non-hormonal treatment option for endometriosis.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Hwal Rim Jeong, Jae-A Han, Heeji Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Young Suk Shim, Min Jae Kang, Jong Seo Yoon, Seongho Ryu, Il Tae Hwang
Summary: This study investigated the exosomal miRNA signature associated with catch-up growth in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) children. The results showed that SGA children without catch-up growth have a distinct exosomal miRNA expression profile compared with SGA children with catch-up growth and appropriate-for-gestational-age (AGA) children. The study also identified certain miRNAs that may be associated with growth failure in SGA children.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Manman Ma, Xiaohua Wang, Xiaohui Liu, Yang Han, Yanhui Chu, Yanzhong Guan, Haifeng Liu
Summary: A novel tT beta RII variant, Z-tT beta RII, was designed by fusing the PDGF beta receptor-specific affibody Z(PDGF beta R) to the N-terminus of tT beta RII. Z-tT beta RII exhibited superior specific fibrotic liver-targeting potential and stronger anti-fibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo. It also showed no significant sign of potential side effects in other vital organs in liver fibrotic mice, making it a potential candidate for targeted therapy for liver fibrosis.
ARCHIVES OF PHARMACAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xinyi Wang, Ting Liu, Yifei Huang, Yifeng Dai, Hui Lin
Summary: Fibrosis is a complex abnormal healing process that involves multiple signaling pathways, with the TGF-beta signaling pathway playing a central role. TGF-beta precisely regulates fibrogenesis by controlling gene transcription and translation, and SUMOylation has been identified as a key player in this process, providing potential therapeutic strategies for fibrosis.
Review
Cell Biology
Dexin Shen, Lingao Ju, Fenfang Zhou, Mengxue Yu, Haoli Ma, Yi Zhang, Tongzu Liu, Yu Xiao, Xinghuan Wang, Kaiyu Qian
Summary: Melatonin, as a potential therapy for prostate cancer, has significant antioxidant and anticancer abilities. Studies have shown that melatonin can inhibit the development of prostate cancer through different pathways, and the synergistic use with other drugs may have better effects.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zhendong Xiang, Yin Sun, Bosen You, Meng Zhang, Chiping Huang, Junfeng Yu, Xiangyun You, Denglong Wu, Chawnshang Chang
Summary: The study found that Enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cells can be suppressed by high doses of the androgen DHT. Targeting the BCL-XL protein can enhance the inhibitory effect of high-dose DHT on cell growth, promoting cell death.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Weizhuo Lu, Zhiwu Chen, Jiyue Wen
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a common and serious disease, and neuroinflammation plays a crucial role in its progression. Microglia, astrocytes, and infiltrating immune cells are involved in the complicated neuroinflammation cascade, releasing different molecules that affect inflammation. Flavonoids, plant-specific compounds, have shown protective effects against cerebral ischemia injury by modulating the inflammatory responses.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2024)