Review
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin, Madison A. Best
Summary: Ginsenosides have been widely studied for their medicinal benefits and their role in ginseng plant biology. They play a crucial role in ginseng's defense against biotic stresses, providing antimicrobial, antifeedant, and allelopathic activities. Ginsenosides also have roles in ginseng development and abiotic stress tolerance.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Prasad Kesanakurti, Subramanyam Ragupathy, Adam C. Faller, Dhivya Shanmughanandhan, Francesco Buongiorno, Isabella Della Noce, Zhengfei Lu, Yanjun Zhang, Steven G. Newmaster
Summary: Authentication of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius herbal dietary supplements is crucial in mitigating adulteration and substitution issues in the international ginseng supply chain. Species-specific hydrolysis probe qPCR assays have been developed and validated, demonstrating high specificity and reliability for the identification of target species in raw materials.
Article
Plant Sciences
Paul H. Goodwin
Summary: The endosphere of ginseng contains a variety of fungal, bacterial, archaeal and viral endophytes. Bacterial endophytes are primarily members of the Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and fungal endophytes are primarily members of the Ascomycota, Zygomycota and Basidiomycota. Little is known about archaea and viruses in ginseng plants. Root tissues have been found to have the highest abundance and diversity of bacterial and fungal endophytes, and their abundance often increases with root age. The metabolization of ginsenosides by endophytes suggests an adaptation of these microbes to the unique secondary metabolites found in ginseng tissues. Research on the benefits provided by endophytes has mainly focused on plant nutrition, growth promotion and disease resistance, with little emphasis on their ability to increase abiotic stress resistance. More studies are needed in the field, including trials with endophyte-treated plants, genomic/metagenomic analysis of endophytes, and investigations into the effects of endophytes on disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lanchun Liu, Jun Hu, Qiyuan Mao, Chao Liu, Haoqiang He, Xiaoshan Hui, Guang Yang, Peirong Qu, Wenjing Lian, Lian Duan, Yan Dong, Juhua Pan, Yongmei Liu, Qingyong He, Jun Li, Jie Wang
Summary: This paper elaborates on the current pharmacological effects of ginseng functional components in treating cardiovascular diseases, summarizes the adverse reactions of ginseng, and provides a list of Chinese patent medicines containing ginseng formula for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Qinghai Dong, Yang An, Guangguang Du, Jia Wang, Jiayin Liu, Jun Su, Hongliu Xie, Chongyang Liang, Jihua Liu
Summary: In this study, the differential bioactivities of Panax notoginseng (PN) and Panax ginseng (PG) were investigated using a metabolomics approach. The results revealed the differences in metabolites and signaling pathways that contribute to the distinct bioactivities of PN and PG.
BIOMEDICAL CHROMATOGRAPHY
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qinggang Yin, Xiaoyan Han, Jingwang Chen, Zongxian Han, Liang Shen, Wei Sun, Shilin Chen
Summary: The study identified panasenoside and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside as commonly accumulated flavonol glycosides in ginseng leaves with cultivation years. A total of 50 UDP-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) were screened out to explore flavonol glycosylation in ginseng, with specific UGTs identified for the formation and modification of kaempferol 3-O-glucoside. The study highlights the significance of integrated metabolite profiles, proteomics, and phylogenetic analysis in understanding flavonol glycosylation pathways in ginseng.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Xiaoxue Fang, Manqi Wang, Xinteng Zhou, Huan Wang, Huaying Wang, Hongxing Xiao
Summary: This study investigated the effects of growth years on gene expression in cultivated ginseng and wild ginseng through transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that the growth years significantly affected gene expression in cultivated ginseng, especially in the MAPK signaling pathway and terpenoid backbone biosynthesis pathway. Moreover, the growth years had significant effects on genes related to ginsenoside synthesis in cultivated ginseng but had little influence on wild ginseng.
Article
Plant Sciences
Muhammad Irfan, Yuan Yee Lee, Ki-Ja Lee, Sung Dae Kim, Man Hee Rhee
Summary: This study investigated the antiplatelet effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) and fermented red ginseng extract (FRG) and found that both extracts can inhibit platelet aggregation and calcium mobilization, indicating their potential for maintaining cardiovascular health and preventing platelet-related cardiovascular disorders.
JOURNAL OF GINSENG RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Agronomy
Ju-Young Jung, Cheol Woo Min, So Wun Kim, Ravi Gupta, Woojong Jang, Kyong-Hwan Bang, Yu-Jin Kim, Ick-Hyun Jo, Sun Tae Kim
Summary: Ginseng, which is often exposed to environmental stresses such as heat, salt, and drought, has been found to have potential salt-responsive proteins through fluid proteomic analysis. These proteins are associated with photosynthesis, protein synthesis, cell binding, and various metabolisms.
Review
Microbiology
Paul H. Goodwin
Summary: The rhizosphere of ginseng contains a wide range of microorganisms that can have beneficial or harmful effects on the plant. Cultivation practices that mimic natural conditions of ginseng may disrupt soil microbiome, leading to negative changes in soil physiochemistry and promotion of plant diseases. However, beneficial microbes isolated from the ginseng rhizosphere show potential to improve ginseng production. High-throughput sequencing has greatly expanded our knowledge of the diversity and abundance of rhizosphere organisms and their impacts on cultivation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Yun Jiang, Yu Song, Chengyang Jiang, Xiang Li, Tingting Liu, Jiarui Wang, Changqing Chen, Jie Gao
Summary: A bacterial strain JI39 with plant growth-promoting traits was isolated from the rhizosphere soil of Panax ginseng. It was identified as Arthrobacter nicotinovorans and could produce high levels of indole-3-acetic acid, solubilize phosphate and potassium, and fix nitrogen. Strain JI39 significantly promoted the growth of ginseng, upregulated the expression of certain genes, and improved soil enzyme activity.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Junyun Cheng, Jie Chen, Jie Liao, Tianhao Wang, Xin Shao, Jinbo Long, Penghui Yang, Anyao Li, Zheng Wang, Xiaoyan Lu, Xiaohui Fan
Summary: A new approach called TCM-seq was developed to comprehensively evaluate the therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng and Panax notoginseng at the transcriptomic level. The study revealed significant differences in the regulatory effects of ginseng and notoginseng on genes, functional pathways, and molecular networks. This research provides a new paradigm for exploring the mechanisms of action of traditional Chinese medicines.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL ANALYSIS
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jinglin Xia, Ning Liu, Junyou Han, Jingyuan Sun, Tianyi Xu, Shouan Liu
Summary: This study reveals that Colletotrichum panacicola successfully infects Panax ginseng by altering the defense-related gene transcripts and manipulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, thus potentially possessing antifungal activities.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Plant Sciences
Isadora Bischoff Nunes, Paul H. Goodwin
Summary: The Ilyonectria radicicola species complex contains soilborne necrotrophic plant pathogens, with I. mors-panacis being the most aggressive to ginseng roots. Infected roots show severe root rot, while leaves and stems also exhibit symptoms. Aggressive Ilyonectria species suppress host defense mechanisms, allowing for extensive colonization. Genetic approaches are needed to further understand the host-pathogen interactions.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Yejin Kim, Jung-Woo Lee, Ick-Hyun Jo, Nayeong Kwon, Donghwi Kim, Jong-Wook Chung, Kyong-Hwan Bang, Jeehye Sung
Summary: The present study analyzed the volatile profiles of Korean ginseng and American ginseng grown for different cultivation years using HS-SPME/GC-MS. Chemometric analysis identified distinct volatile compositions between the two ginseng cultivars, with terpenes being the major volatile components. The difference in volatile patterns between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium could be attributed to the composition of sesquiterpenes.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Palanivel Velmurugan, Ravichandran Visnu Kumar, Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar, Arumugam Veera Ravi
Summary: Fresh guava leaf extract was used as a green carbon precursor to fabricate blue fluorescent carbon quantum dots, which showed potential in inhibiting pathogen growth and catalyzing dye removal.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Vinayagam Mohanavel, K. Ravi Kumar, T. Sathish, Palanivel Velmurugan, Alagar Karthick, M. Ravichandran, Saleh Alfarraj, Hesham S. Almoallim, Shanmugam Sureshkumar, J. Isaac JoshuaRamesh Lalvani
Summary: In this study, AA6082 aluminium alloy matrix composites with various weight fractions of titanium diboride were successfully prepared using an in situ casting technique. The SEM and XRD analyses confirmed the dispersion of TiB2 particles in the matrix alloy and the presence of TiB2 phases. The mechanical and tribological properties of the AAMCs were significantly improved with the addition of TiB2 particles, leading to a decrease in wear rate and an increase in flexural and compression strength compared to the base AA6082 alloy.
BIOINORGANIC CHEMISTRY AND APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Sathiamoorthi Thangavelu, Ranjithkumar Dhandapani, Ajucarmelprecilla Arulprakasam, Ragul Paramasivam, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Kaliannan Durairaj, Anupama Shrestha
Summary: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial disease that affects people of all ages and genders. The study found that Escherichia coli is the most common bacterial isolate in UTI cases and shows high resistance to commonly used medications. E. coli strains with high virulence determinants and antimicrobial resistance were also identified.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Arulprakasam Ajucarmelprecilla, Jhansi Pandi, Ranjithkumar Dhandapani, Saikishore Ramanathan, Jayaprakash Chinnappan, Ragul Paramasivam, Sathiamoorthi Thangavelu, Abdul-Kareem Mohammed Ghilan, Saad Ali S. Aljohani, Atif Abdulwahab A. Oyouni, Abdullah Farasani, Malik A. Altayar, Hussam Awwadh E. Althagafi, Othman R. Alzahrani, Kaliannan Durairaj, Anupama Shrestha
Summary: This study identified key genes involved in metastatic gastric cancer and revealed their molecular mechanisms. The findings suggest that BUB1B, CCT7, APEX1, PSMA7, and CDC45 may be potential biomarkers for gastric cancer.
EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE
(2022)
Review
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dhanraj Ganapathy, Rajeshkumar Shanmugam, Sivaperumal Pitchiah, Preethika Murugan, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Kaliannan Durairaj, Ashok K. Sundramoorthy
Summary: Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) are naturally occurring clay nanomaterials with various applications in science and technology. They have excellent biocompatibility and can be used as drug delivery carriers with high loading capacity and long release kinetics.
JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Virology
Kaliannan Durairaj, Thuy-Tien Thi Trinh, Su-Yeon Yun, Seon-Ju Yeo, Haan-Woo Sung, Hyun Park
Summary: The H6N6 subtype of avian influenza virus has been identified worldwide and poses a potential risk of animal-human transmission. A new H6N6 virus was isolated from Mallard ducks in South Korea, showing genetic linkage to Chinese and Vietnamese lineages. The isolated virus is identified as a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus with certain mutations that may enhance its pathogenicity. Continuous surveillance of H6N6 virus is crucial globally.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Santhosh Chinnaraj, Vino Palani, Viji Maluventhen, Rejeeth Chandrababu, Kannan Soundarapandian, Durairaj Kaliannan, Baskaran Rathinasamy, Wen-Chao Liu, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Maruthupandian Arumugam
Summary: This study aims to prepare silver nanoparticles derived from the leaf extract of Goniothalamus wightii and evaluate their potential applications in biomedicine and pharmaceutical industry. The results demonstrate that Gw-AgNPs exhibit strong antibacterial, antioxidant, and larvicidal activities, as well as high photocatalytic degradation activity towards dyes.
PARTICULATE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaliannan Durairaj, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Murugesh Easwaran, Sungkwon Park, Utthapon Issara, Karthika Pushparaj, Naif Abdullah Al-Dhabi, Mariadhas Valan Arasu, Wen-Chao Liu, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Summary: The limitations of graft material and surgical sites in bone defects treatment pose a challenge in bone tissue engineering. Phytocompounds have a significant impact on bone metabolism. In this study, a biocompatible hydrogel composed of chitosan and methylcellulose encapsulated with veratric acid was investigated for bone defect treatment. The hydrogel showed compatibility with mesenchymal stem cells and promoted osteogenic differentiation, indicating its potential as a therapeutic alternative for bone regeneration.
APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Utaiyachandran Manojkumar, Durairaj Kaliannan, Venkatesan Srinivasan, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Hesam Kamyab, Zainab Haider Mussa, Jayanthi Palaniyappan, Mohsen Mesbah, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Senthilkumar Palaninaicker
Summary: Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) using plant leaf extracts has been successfully carried out in this study. The synthesized BO-ZnO NPs exhibited photocatalytic and antibacterial activities. Characterization of BO-ZnO NPs was performed using various instrumental techniques, confirming the formation of nanoparticles with a hexagonal wurtzite structure and an average size of 52 nm. The presence of hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxylic, and phenol groups was also confirmed.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Sivakumar Subpiramaniyam, Sung-Chul Hong, Pyong-In Yi, Seong-Ho Jang, Jeong-Min Suh, Eun-Sang Jung, Je-Sung Park, Velmurugan Palanivel, Young-Chae Song, Lae-Hyeon Cho, Young-Hoon Park, Ji-Suk Kim
Summary: Phytoremediation of metals from water and nutrient media exposed to waste metal cutting fluid was tested using Azolla imbricata. Results showed that biomass was higher in nutrient media than in water media without waste metal cutting fluid. However, growth failed when exposed to high concentrations of waste metal cutting fluid. Correlation analysis revealed that biomass was positively affected by temperature and negatively affected by humidity and metal accumulation. The average accumulations of Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, and Zn were observed and the bioconcentration factor indicated Azolla imbricata acts as a hyperaccumulator of Zn and as an accumulator or excluder of other metals. Overall, the phytoremediation performance of Azolla imbricata in multi-metal-contaminated waste metal cutting fluid was high in water media under all environmental conditions. The use of water media was determined to be an economically feasible approach for the removal of metals from waste metal cutting fluid.
JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Cittrarasu Vetrivel, Ganesan Sivarasan, Kaliannan Durairaj, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, Chinnaperumal Kamaraj, Sankar Karthika, Huang-Mu Lo
Summary: An effective electrochemical transducer matrix for biosensing devices needs to possess various specialized properties to support biomolecule attachment. While techniques like enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy provide precise results, they cannot replace clinical applications due to factors such as detection time, sample amount, sensitivity, equipment expense, and expertise required. A flower-structured molybdenum disulfide-decorated zinc oxide composite on GCE has been created for the electrochemical detection of the salivary oral cancer biomarker IL8, exhibiting fast detection with high accuracy sensitivity and stability, making it a promising biosensor for real sample analysis of ACh.
Review
Biology
Karthika Pushparaj, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Manikantan Pappuswamy, Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Kaliannan Durairaj, Wen-Chao Liu, Arun Meyyazhagan, Sungkwon Park
Summary: Advancements and developments in 3D bioprinting have met the needs of organ transplantation and enhanced applications in regenerative medicines and other medical fields. The synergistic effects of this technology have greatly impacted interventions such as medical implants, prosthetics, and drug testing tissue constructs.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Sathish Kumar Sivaranjani, Kaliannan Durairaj, Govindaswamy Jayalakshmi, Jayasankar Sumathi, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Shreeshivadasan Chelliapan, Hesam Kamyab, Haslenda Hashim, Dhamodaran Kavitha
Summary: Semiconductor metal oxide with TiO2 nanoparticles is used to remove hazardous compounds from environmental samples. TiO2 nanoparticles have potential as an efficient photocatalyst for degrading organic contaminants in wastewater. UV and visible light irradiation is used to separate substances from contaminated samples.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Acoustics
Moorthy Muruganandham, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Palanivel Velmurugan, Subbaiah Suresh Kumar, Natarajan Arumugam, Abdulrahman I. Almansour, Raju Suresh Kumar, Sivakumar Manickam, Cheng Heng Pang, Subpiramaniyam Sivakumar
Summary: This study focuses on the extraction and optimization of yellow dye from Cassia alata flower petals, as well as its application in dyeing cotton, silk, and leather without a mordant. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of the extracted dye was evaluated.
ULTRASONICS SONOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Moorthy Muruganandham, Fatimah Oleyan Al-Otibi, Raedah Ibrahim Alharbi, Kanagasabapathy Sivasubramanian, Anon Chaulagain, Palanivel Velmurugan, Nagaraj Basavegowda
Summary: The present study involved the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Tabebuia rosea seeds as a reducing agent. The synthesized AgNPs exhibited potential antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxicity effects. The findings suggest that utilizing T. rosea seeds to produce AgNPs holds promise for their potential application as nano drugs.
MATERIALS RESEARCH EXPRESS
(2023)