Article
Cell Biology
Enrico Carmina, Rosa Alba Longo
Summary: It is well known that some women with PCOS have excessive adrenal androgen production, which is generally associated with ovarian hyperandrogenism. This study found that adrenal hyperandrogenism is more common in non-classic PCOS phenotypes and is generally part of a generalized higher production of androgens in a subgroup of PCOS patients. However, other factors may increase adrenal androgen production and influence the clinical expression of the syndrome.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Aleisha M. Moore
Summary: PCOS is a common endocrinopathy and cause of infertility in women, with central neuroendocrine circuits potentially playing a key role in driving the syndrome's symptoms. Research suggests that impairments in steroid hormone feedback within the central network controlling GnRH pulse generation may be at the core of PCOS pathophysiology.
CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mauro S. B. Silva, Paolo Giacobini
Summary: Research on the physiological actions of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) has expanded beyond its classical role in male sexual differentiation to include regulation of ovarian function, clinical use in reproductive health, and its potential as a biomarker for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Recent studies have shown that AMH can have effects throughout the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal (HPG) axis, providing new insights into reproductive disorders and potentially contributing to the pathophysiology of diseases such as PCOS.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR LIFE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maya Barsky, Jamie Merkison, Pardis Hosseinzadeh, Liubin Yang, Janet Bruno-Gaston, Jay Dunn, William Gibbons, Chellakkan Selvanesan Blesson
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common form of anovulatory infertility with a strong hereditary component. Research indicates that excessive prenatal androgens can affect ovarian development by altering gene expression and mitochondrial function. This programming may begin at birth and is influenced by androgens in utero.
JOURNAL OF STEROID BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Samuel Gebremedhn, Asghar Ali, Munir Hossain, Michael Hoelker, Dessie Salilew-Wondim, Russell V. Anthony, Dawit Tesfaye
Summary: Mammalian reproductive health is crucial for the entire reproductive cycle, with various factors contributing to reproductive health problems. Studies have shown that miRNAs play a significant role in gene regulation and are associated with pathophysiological conditions, either intracellularly or extracellularly.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
M. Peigne, V Simon, P. Pigny, N. E. H. Mimouni, C. Martin, D. Dewailly, S. Catteau-Jonard, P. Giacobini
Summary: This study investigated the changes in serum concentration of total and cleaved anti-Muullerian hormone (AMH) molecular forms and androgens in women with and without PCOS before and throughout pregnancy. The results showed that women with PCOS had higher levels of total and cleaved AMH compared to controls from preconception to the third trimester of pregnancy, and higher levels of testosterone and androstenedione during pregnancy.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Sara Gurule, Jessica Sustaita-Monroe, Vasantha Padmanabhan, Rodolfo Cardoso
Summary: Exposure to hormonal programming in early fetal development can lead to reproductive disorders in female sheep that resemble polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women. Similar effects have been observed in humans, which has important translational implications for treating and preventing fertility disorders such as PCOS.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Avi Lerner, Drashti Kewada, Ayan Ahmed, Kate Hardy, Mark Christian, Stephen Franks
Summary: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with reduced postprandial thermogenesis and abnormalities in adipose tissue function, with excess androgen inhibiting brown adipogenesis, attenuating thermogenic activation, and reducing mitochondrial respiration in brown adipose tissue (BAT). These findings may contribute to the reduced postprandial thermogenesis and increased tendency to obesity observed in women with PCOS.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Dawood Khan, Opeolu O. Ojo, Orla R. M. Woodward, Jo Edward Lewis, Ananyaa Sridhar, Fiona M. Gribble, Frank Reimann, Peter R. Flatt, R. Charlotte Moffett
Summary: This study evaluated the role of glucose-dependent-insulinotropic-polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1) in reproductive function. The results showed that deletion of GIPR and GLP-1R genes led to reproductive dysfunction and reduced fertility in mice.
Review
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Vasiliki Lolou
Summary: Probiotics and synbiotics have been studied for their effects on PCOS women. The increasing interest in insulin resistance and synbiotics indicates a potential beneficial effect on hirsutism through the management of insulin resistance.
FERMENTATION-BASEL
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarantis Livadas, Rodis Paparodis, Panagiotis Anagnostis, Alessandra Gambineri, Jelica Bjekic-Macut, Tijana Petrovic, Bulent O. Yildiz, Dragan Micic, George Mastorakos, Djuro Macut
Summary: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at higher risk for dysglycemia and type 2 diabetes compared to healthy BMI-matched women of reproductive age. The incidence of this disorder varies among studies, and there is no consensus on the best screening method and frequency. Universal screening with oral glucose tolerance test is suggested to identify and manage glycemic abnormalities in young women with PCOS, regardless of age or BMI status. Regular follow-up and lifestyle interventions, such as balanced diet and exercise, are important for this specific population.
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Xianhua Zhang, Huiyu Xu, Guoshuang Feng, Li Yang, Libo Zhao, Rong Li, Rongsheng Zhao
Summary: A fast and sensitive HPLC-DMS/MS/MS method was developed for the simultaneous determination of seven androgens and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction (DMSPE) using Fe3O4@GO nanoparticles and in situ derivatization with Girard's Reagent P were employed. The method showed good precision, accuracy, and extraction recoveries, and was successfully applied to clinical sample analysis.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Xianhua Zhang, Congya Zhou, Huiyu Xu, Ying Feng, Ping Yang, Suodi Zhai, Jiatian Song, Li Yang
Summary: A highly sensitive and specific method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of classical androgens and 11-oxygenated androgens in human serum. The method utilized a high-performance liquid chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry tandem mass spectrometry system, with stable isotopes as internal standards, to accurately quantify trace amounts of target androgens. This method offers an important tool for research on polycystic ovarian syndrome.
JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOMEDICAL ANALYSIS
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
E. Elenis, E. Desroziers, S. Persson, I. Sundstrom Poromaa, R. E. Campbell
Summary: Early initiation of anti-androgen treatment is associated with an increased probability of childbirth after spontaneous conception among women with PCOS.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2021)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Congcong Ma, Huiyu Xu, Xianhua Zhang, Guoshuang Feng, Li Shi, Yuan Sua, Li Yang, Rongsheng Zhao, Jie Qiao
Summary: This study evaluated the role of classic and 11oxyC19 androgens in polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) and menstrual cycle prolongation in women with PCOS. The results showed that testosterone was the most significant contributing androgen in PCOM, while androstenedione was the most significant contributing androgen in menstrual cycle prolongation. However, their contributions diminished when considering other factors, especially AMH.
CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA
(2023)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Sasha Savkovic, Lam P. Ly, Reena Desai, John Howa, Vinod Nair, Daniel Eichner, David J. Handelsman
Summary: The study aimed to determine the optimal detection model for testosterone administration in women. By analyzing steroid and hematological profiling of blood and urine samples, it was found that a combination of testosterone levels, urine testosterone/epitestosterone ratio, and hematological variables could achieve a high but imperfect detection of testosterone treatment.
DRUG TESTING AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nicholas Russell, Rudolf Hoermann, Ada S. Cheung, Jeffrey D. Zajac, David J. Handelsman, Mathis Grossmann
Summary: Contrary to the hypothesis, the study suggests that E2 acting in the absence of testosterone may increase total and regional fat mass in men. Additional studies are needed to confirm or refute whether E2 promotes fat expansion in the absence of testosterone, especially considering the premature closure of clinical trials due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Sarah R. Catford, Jane Halliday, Sharon Lewis, Moira K. O'Bryan, David J. Handelsman, Roger J. Hart, John McBain, Luk Rombauts, David J. Amor, Richard Saffery, Robert I. McLachlan
Summary: This study compared the semen quality and reproductive hormones of men conceived through IVF/ICSI with those conceived without ART. The results showed that men conceived with IVF/ICSI had similar sperm output but had differences in sperm motility, morphology, and hormone levels compared to controls. Overall, the results are reassuring.
FERTILITY AND STERILITY
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, Fiona M. Blyth, Vasi Naganathan, David G. Le Couteur, David J. Handelsman, Markus J. Seibel, Vasant Hirani, F. A. Clive Wright, Louise M. Waite, Robert G. Cumming
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Carl Jenkinson, Reena Desai, Malcolm D. McLeod, Jonathan Wolf Mueller, Martin Hewison, David J. Handelsman
Summary: This study analyzed the contribution of sulfate and glucuronide vitamin D metabolites relative to unconjugated levels in human serum. The results showed that sulfate conjugates formed a higher proportion of circulating vitamin D metabolites compared to glucuronide conjugates. The findings suggest that a combination of both conjugated and unconjugated measurements may provide a more accurate assessment of vitamin D status.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Arpita Das, Robert Cumming, Vasikaran Naganathan, Fiona Blyth, David G. Le Couteur, David J. Handelsman, Louise M. Waite, Rosilene V. R. Ribeiro, Stephen J. Simpson, Vasant Hirani
Summary: The study found that moderate intake of total dietary protein was associated with lower all-cause and cancer mortality. Animal protein intake was positively associated with mortality risk, while plant protein intake was inversely associated with mortality.
JOURNAL OF HUMAN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Kim M. Kiely, Saman Khalatbari-Soltani, Fiona M. Blyth, Vasikaran Naganathan, David J. Handelsman, Louise M. Waite, David G. Le Couteur, Moyra E. Mortby, Robert G. Cumming, Kaarin J. Anstey
Summary: This study aimed to assess the association between self-reported hearing difficulties and future risk of falling among older adults. The findings from the two Australian cohorts showed mixed results, suggesting that self-reported hearing difficulties may be predictive of falls in some cases but not in others.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Nandini Shankara-Narayana, Lance Brooker, Catrin Goebel, Naomi Speers, David J. Handelsman
Summary: The drug history of androgen abuse in a high-risk population can be objectively validated using urine mass spectrometry tests, and serum luteinizing hormone (LH) has high discriminatory power in distinguishing between current and noncurrent androgen use.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Valentina Rodriguez Paris, Xin Yi Denise Wong, Samantha M. Solon-Biet, Melissa C. Edwards, Ali Aflatounian, Robert B. Gilchrist, Stephen J. Simpson, David J. Handelsman, Nadeem O. Kaakoush, Kirsty A. Walters
Summary: The study found that diet influences gut microbiota diversity, but overall gut microbiota composition is affected by PCOS pathology. The role of the gut microbiome in the development of PCOS traits was explored, and PCOS-like mice transplanted with healthy fecal microbiota did not show improvement in PCOS traits.
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
S. R. Catford, J. Halliday, S. Lewis, M. K. O'Bryan, D. J. Handelsman, R. J. Hart, J. McBain, L. Rombauts, D. J. Amor, R. Saffery, R. McLachlan
Summary: The metabolic health of men conceived using ICSI may differ from those conceived through IVF and spontaneous conception, with ICSI-conceived men showing differences in metabolic parameters compared to spontaneously conceived controls, particularly in terms of blood pressure and insulin resistance. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and determine potential mechanisms underlying these differences.
HUMAN REPRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Z. N. Azene, S. R. Davis, J. J. McNeil, A. M. Tonkin, D. J. Handelsman, R. M. Islam
Summary: This study investigated the association between estrone and sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations with lipid concentrations in older postmenopausal women. The results showed that estrone and SHBG are associated with lipid concentrations in older women, with SHBG providing additional clinical predictive utility for the assessment of cardiometabolic disease risk.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Anne R. Cappola, Richard J. Auchus, Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan, David J. Handelsman, Rita R. Kalyani, Michael McClung, Cynthia A. Stuenkel, Michael O. Thorner, Joseph G. Verbalis
Summary: Multiple changes occur in various endocrine systems as individuals age. The understanding of age-related changes and their clinical management is developing. This statement reviews the current research in different endocrine axes and conditions specific to older individuals, including available therapies, clinical trials, key points, and scientific gaps. The goal is to inform future research to improve prevention and treatment strategies for age-associated endocrine conditions in older individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David J. Handelsman, Matti Gild, Roderick Clifton-Bligh, Naomi Speers, Dorothy Kouzios, Melissa C. McMartin, Reena Desai
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of thyroid hormone (TH) abuse among Australian athletes undergoing antidoping tests for WADA-compliant sports. The results showed that only 4 per 1000 athletes had biochemical thyrotoxicosis, and the prevalence of TH usage based on the doping control forms was also 4 per 1000 athletes. These estimates were consistent with international competition data and lower than the estimated T4 prescription rates in the age-matched Australian population.
JOURNAL OF THE ENDOCRINE SOCIETY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
David J. Handelsman, Mathis Grossmann, Bu B. Yeap, Bronwyn G. A. Stuckey, Nandini Shankara-Narayana, Ann J. Conway, Warrick J. Inder, Robert Mclachlan, Carolyn Allan, Alicia J. Jenkins, David Jesudason, Karen Bracken, Gary A. Wittert
Summary: The T4DM study shows that testosterone treatment for men with impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed diabetes reduces the risk of diabetes and improves sleep apnea diagnosis during the study period, but these effects disappear after the study. There is also evidence of androgen dependence in some men receiving prolonged injectable testosterone treatment.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Andrology
David J. Handelsman, Amanda Idan, Sue Sleiman, Fey Bacha, Georgina V. Long, Alexander M. Menzies, Tejnei Vaishnav, Noosha Litkouhi, Xanthie Volckmar, William Ledger, Antoinette Anazodo
Summary: The effects of non-cytotoxic and immunotherapy drugs on human testicular function in cancer patients have not been systematically studied. This study aimed to investigate the effects of these drugs in cancer patients who had not undergone gonadotoxic treatment. The results showed that non-cytotoxic and immunotherapy drugs moderately affected testicular exocrine function (sperm production) and its hormonal correlates (follicle-stimulating hormone, inhibin B), but had minimal impact on testicular endocrine function (testosterone, luteinizing hormone).
