Article
Mathematics, Applied
So -Hsiang Chou, C. Attanayake
Summary: We propose an enriched unfitted finite element method for solving 1D elliptic interface problems with discontinuous solutions, including those with implicit or Robin-type interface jump conditions. The method constructs a one-parameter family of discontinuous enrichment functions by finding an optimal order interpolating function for the discontinuous solutions. The efficiency of the method is proven by applying it to a multi-layer wall model with zero-flux jump conditions and implicit concentration interface conditions.
JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL AND APPLIED MATHEMATICS
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali E. Anqi
Summary: This paper investigates the significance of a serpentine microchannel on the surface of batteries and confirms that the use of nanofluids can increase heat transfer between the microchannel and battery by up to 20%. The study also finds that the Reynolds number is the most effective parameter in improving heat transfer, with an increase from 6.34 to 12.75 when the Reynolds number varies from 25 to 150. Additionally, the use of hydrophobic walls in microchannels leads to a 14.4% enhancement in heat transfer compared to conventional walls.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Akram Jahanbakhshi, Afshin Ahmadi Nadooshan, Morteza Bayareh
Summary: This study investigates the utilization of wavy microchannels and microtubes in a cooling system for lithium-ion batteries, using silver-water/ethylene glycol nanofluid as the working fluid. The results demonstrate that counter flow in microchannels and microtubes creates a more uniform temperature profile on the battery surface, while the use of nanofluid ensures the battery temperature stays within a safe operating range.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenjie Qi, Wenqi Huang, Juntian Niu, Feng Chen, Bin Chen, Yong Chen
Summary: This paper proposes a thermal management system for a Swiss roll-type battery and investigates the effects of structural parameters, coolant flow rate, coolant type, and inlet temperature on the heat dissipation performance of the battery module. The coolant flow rate is found to be the main controlling factor. The optimized Swiss roll-type battery module achieves lower maximum temperature and better temperature uniformity compared to the reference group.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Pingnan Huang, Shu Yang, Minqiang Pan
Summary: This paper investigates the application of pseudo 3D variable-density topology optimization to the design of microchannel heat sink. The study introduces outside surface viscous dissipation, adaptive equivalent heat transfer coefficient, and auxiliary objective to improve the accuracy of the model. The results show that the proposed topological model effectively mitigates intermediate density, improves accuracy, and produces a well-defined structure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mao-Sung Wu
Summary: The forced air cooling of U-type BTMS can be improved by adjusting the distribution of battery spacing and inlet/outlet manifolds. Computational fluid dynamics is used to calculate the temperature and velocity distributions. Multi-objective optimization is performed to minimize temperature difference and fan power consumption. The optimized BTMS module reduces the temperature and temperature difference while maintaining low power consumption.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zengjia Guo, Yang Wang, Siyuan Zhao, Tianshou Zhao, Meng Ni
Summary: A multi-physics model is developed for micro heat pipe battery thermal management system (MHP-BTMS) considering battery aging effect. A novel multi-variables global optimization framework is established for optimizing the structural parameters of MHP-BTMS to improve battery thermal management and electrochemical performance simultaneously. The research finds that MHP-BTMS fails to control the temperature of aged battery pack due to the higher heat generation caused by solid electrolyte interphase formation. Additionally, the study shows that battery electrochemical performance is highly related to battery thermal behaviors.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Zhao Zhang, Jianli Wang, Shunlong Zhang, Hangjun Ying, Zhihong Zhuang, Fei Ma, Pengfei Huang, Tiantian Yang, Gaorong Han, Wei-Qiang Han
Summary: This research introduces stable Li3N-LiF enriched interface in-situ induced by lithium nitrate (LiNO3) between poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO)-based solid electrolyte and Li anode, to improve the interface contact between solid electrolyte and Li anode, leading to homogeneous Li deposition. When paired with LiFePO4 cathode, the all-solid-state LMBs demonstrate superior cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency, showing promising prospects for potential applications.
ENERGY STORAGE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Essam M. Abo-Zahhad, Shinichi Ookawara, Ali Radwan, Saim Memon, Yue Yang, M. F. El-Kady, A. H. El-Shazly
Summary: The study investigated flow boiling in a microchannel device using ethanol, acetone, and Novec-7000 coolants. Results showed that Novec-7000 exhibited outstanding cooling capabilities under ultra-high-heat flux conditions, and boiling point is a critical parameter influencing the system performance.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Reza Pejman, Ole Sigmund, Ahmad Raeisi Najafi
Summary: In this study, a design methodology based on gradient-based topology optimization and a reduced-order thermal/hydraulic model was developed for actively cooled microvascular composite panels. The proposed method is computationally efficient while maintaining accuracy, effectively reducing maximum temperature by up to 59% compared to a benchmark design. Comparison with other methods showed that the proposed topology optimization scheme outperformed in terms of various measures such as maximum and average temperatures, temperature uniformity, network redundancy, and manufacturability.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Jingyu Wang, Zirui Wang, Peng Guo, Xingjun Hu, Jia Zhu, Tianming Yu
Summary: This paper establishes an optimization model based on PSO-SVM and improved NSGA-II algorithm to balance the heat dissipation performance and lightweight of a battery. The results show that the model has high accuracy and feasibility.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohammed R. A. Alrasheed
Summary: In this study, the microchannel heat sink with a Boron Nitride Nanotube-based nanofluid as a coolant is optimized using the evolutionary algorithm MOMVO. The optimization results in the optimal thermal resistance and pumping power values. The study shows that the optimal results can be achieved with a population size of 50 and within 100 iterations.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
S. J. van den Boom, J. Zhang, F. van Keulen, A. M. Aragon
Summary: Smooth geometry description is crucial in design optimization, and combining level set description with a new enriched topology optimization methodology can generate correct topologies without the drawbacks of existing enriched methods.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Saba Mansour, Alireza Jalali, Mehdi Ashjaee, Ehsan Houshfar
Summary: To maintain the battery's ideal temperature, a sandwich cold plate design was proposed and optimized for a battery pack of 96 cylindrical 4680 cells. A reduced-cost optimization strategy was used for computational feasibility. Four design variables were considered to reduce temperature difference, power consumption, and increase promptitude. The finite element method and neural networks were used for simulation and cost reduction. The optimum design had two cold plates with 16 channels each, resulting in reductions and increases in the objectives compared to the base design.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wei Li, Ningbo Wang, Akhil Garg, Liang Gao
Summary: This paper investigates an air cooling BTMS with 32 cylindrical lithium-ion batteries, focusing on the economic cost caused by parasitic power consumption. By establishing a battery degradation model and using computational fluid dynamics simulation, the study proposes a method to evaluate economy and finds the optimal solution through optimization. The results show a reduction of 0.36K in maximum temperature and 7.6% in cyclical cost.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Reza Pejman, Vahid Keshavarzzadeh, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: This study presents a computational framework for Hybrid Topology/Shape optimization of actively-cooled microvascular composites under uncertainty. The novel HyTopS optimization scheme allows for topological changes during shape optimization, expanding the design space beyond the initial configuration. Integration of the non-intrusive polynomial chaos expansion method provides a robust and reliable design approach that can efficiently incorporate various sources of uncertainty. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of the proposed optimization scheme over deterministic methods for microvascular composites, showing optimized designs under uncertainty outperform deterministic configurations in reducing sensitivity to random variables.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Ahmad R. Najafi, Masoud Safdari, Daniel A. Tortorelli, Philippe H. Geubelle
Summary: Motivated by recent advances in manufacturing, the design of materials has become the focus of interest in the material research community. One of the critical challenges in this field is finding the optimal material microstructure for a desired macroscopic response. This work presents a computational method for the mesoscale-level design of particulate composites for an optimal macroscale-level response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR NUMERICAL METHODS IN ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Ebrahim Maghami, Reza Pejman, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: The study investigates the effects of microstructural morphology and heterogeneity on microcrack initiation and propagation in dentin. Results show that critical energy release rate differences between peritubular and intertubular dentin significantly impact microcracking. Simulations reveal that tubules surrounded by peritubular dentin play a crucial role in crack deflection, and dentin toughness increases from inner to outer dentin.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Biophysics
Ebrahim Maghami, Timothy O. Josephson, Jason P. Moore, Taraneh Rezaee, Theresa A. Freeman, Lamya Karim, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: Diabetes increases fracture risk in human bone, and this study investigates the impact of simulated AGEs and materials heterogeneity on crack growth in cortical bone. Results show that AGEs level affects crack formation rate, and mismatch in fracture properties can alter post-yielding behavior, with cement lines capable of stopping crack propagation. Additionally, bone microstructural features influence toughening mechanisms such as crack merging and branching.
JOURNAL OF BIOMECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Reza Pejman, Ole Sigmund, Ahmad Raeisi Najafi
Summary: In this study, a design methodology based on gradient-based topology optimization and a reduced-order thermal/hydraulic model was developed for actively cooled microvascular composite panels. The proposed method is computationally efficient while maintaining accuracy, effectively reducing maximum temperature by up to 59% compared to a benchmark design. Comparison with other methods showed that the proposed topology optimization scheme outperformed in terms of various measures such as maximum and average temperatures, temperature uniformity, network redundancy, and manufacturability.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
Urmi Devi, Reza Pejman, Zachary J. Phillips, Pengfei Zhang, Soheil Soghrati, Kalyana B. Nakshatrala, Ahmad R. Najafi, Kurt R. Schab, Jason F. Patrick
Summary: This paper discusses the manipulation of composite material properties through precise patterning and microvascular structures, providing new insights for future design optimization and real-world application.
ADVANCED MATERIALS TECHNOLOGIES
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ebrahim Maghami, Jason P. Moore, Timothy O. Josephson, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: Developing advanced fracture tools can enhance the understanding of crack growth trajectories in human cortical bone. This study using a phase field method revealed that cement lines are susceptible sites to damage nucleation under compression. Additionally, a higher accumulation of initial damage induced by compression can lead to lower microscopic stiffness and less resistance to damage initiation under tension.
COMPUTER METHODS IN BIOMECHANICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Timothy O. Josephson, Jason P. Moore, Ebrahim Maghami, Theresa A. Freeman, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: This study investigates the mechanical behavior of cortical bone and the role of perilacunar zones formed by local remodeling processes. The results show that perilacunar regions can delay or prevent the growth of microcracks.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Reza Pejman, Jonathan Gorman, Ahmad Raeisi Najafi
Summary: A multi-physics optimization framework is proposed for designing a new battery packaging for electric vehicles. The optimized design increases the driving range of the Tesla Model S by about 23%.
COMPOSITES PART B-ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Nolan Black, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: Machine learning techniques, particularly Graph Neural Networks (GNNs), offer an alternative approach to traditional physics-based modeling. To address the limitations of GNNs, such as limited generalizability and excessive data generation costs, a Multi-Fidelity Graph Neural Network (MFGNN) is proposed, which uses low-fidelity projections to guide high-fidelity modeling.
COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Nolan Black, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: Concurrent multiscale structural optimization aims to improve macroscale structural performance by designing microscale architectures. This work uses deep learning models to increase microstructure complexity. The deep neural network is implemented as a model for both microscale structural properties and material shape derivatives. Compared to traditional methods, the deep neural network achieves sufficient accuracy and stability in structural optimization.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Reza Pejman, Ahmad Raeisi Najafi
Summary: The study addresses the challenge of conflicting structural and electrical demands for the electrolyte in the development of structural battery composites. An efficient multi-physics density-based topology optimization framework is developed to identify the optimized design of the structural battery electrolyte. The proposed methodology demonstrates good applicability under different loading scenarios.
STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Amirreza Sadighi, Moein Taghvaei, Mehrangiz Taheri, Delaney Oeth, Sorin Siegler, Thomas P. Schaer, Ahmad R. Najafi
Summary: A numerical framework was developed to analyze swelling bone anchors' properties. Fully porous and solid implants, as well as a hybrid design, were modeled and studied. The framework was validated using free swelling experiments. The results showed that the hybrid swelling bone anchor possesses similar mechanical and swelling properties to solid bone anchors, while bone in-growth is expected to occur.
JOURNAL OF THE MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Ebrahim Maghami, Ahmad Najafi
Summary: This study aims to simulate fatigue microdamage accumulation in glycated cortical bone with increased advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) using a phase field fatigue framework. The material degradation in cortical bone fracture toughness is linked to the high levels of AGEs. Fatigue fracture in 2D models of cortical bone microstructure is simulated, and the results show that the mismatch between the critical energy release rate of microstructural features can alter crack initiation and propagation patterns. The study highlights the importance of material heterogeneity in influencing the fatigue fracture response of cortical bone with high AGEs contents.
MEDICAL & BIOLOGICAL ENGINEERING & COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Reza Pejman, Ebrahim Maghami, Ahmad R. Najafi
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2020)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hai Zhao, Puzhen Gao, Xiaochang Li, Ruifeng Tian, Hongyang Wei, Sichao Tan
Summary: This study numerically investigates the interaction between flow-induced vibration and forced convection heat transfer in a tube bundle. The results show that the impact of flow-induced vibration on heat transfer varies in different flow velocity regions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rohit Chintala, Jon Winkler, Sugirdhalakshmi Ramaraj, Xin Jin
Summary: The current state of fault detection and diagnosis for residential air-conditioning systems is expensive and not suitable for widespread implementation. This paper proposes a cost-effective solution by introducing an automated fault detection algorithm as a screening step before more expensive tests can be conducted. The algorithm uses home thermostats and local weather information to identify thermodynamic parameters and detect high-impact air-conditioning faults.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
A. Azimi, N. Basiri, M. Eslami
Summary: This paper presents a novel optimization algorithm for improving the water-film cooling system of photovoltaic panels, resulting in a significant increase in net energy generation.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Duc-Thuan Phung, Chin-Hsiang Cheng
Summary: In this study, a novel CFDMD model is used to analyze and investigate the behavior of thermal-lag engines (TLE). The study shows that the CFDMD model effectively captures the thermodynamic behavior of the working gas and the dynamic behavior of the engine mechanism. Additionally, the study explores the temporal evolution of engine speed and the influence of various parameters on shaft power and brake thermal efficiency. The research also reveals the existence of a thermal-lag phenomenon in TLE.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haiying Yang, Yinjie Shen, Lin Li, Yichen Pan, Ping Yang
Summary: The purpose of this article is to find a measure to improve the interfacial thermal transfer of graphene/silicon heterojunction. Through molecular dynamics simulation, it is found that surface modification can significantly reduce the thermal resistance, thereby improving the thermal conductivity of the graphene/silicon interface.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Qiong Wu, Yancheng Wang, Haonan Zhou, Xingye Qiu, Deqing Mei
Summary: This article introduces a visible methanol steam reforming microreactor, which uses an optical crystal as an observation window and measures the reaction temperature in real-time using infrared thermography. The results show that under lower oxygen to carbon ratio conditions, the microreactor has a higher heating rate and a stable gradient in temperature distribution.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Review
Thermodynamics
Giulia Manco, Umberto Tesio, Elisa Guelpa, Vittorio Verda
Summary: In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in studying energy systems for the combined management of power vectors. Most of the published works focus on finding the optimal design and operations of Multi Energy Systems (MES). However, for newcomers to this field, understanding how to achieve the desired optimization details while controlling computational expenses can be challenging and time-consuming. This paper presents a novel approach to analyzing the existing literature on MES, with the aim of guiding practical development of MES optimization. Through the discussion of six case studies, the authors provide a mathematical formulation as a reference for building the model and emphasize the impact of different aspects on the problem nature and solver selection. In addition, the paper also discusses the different approaches used in the literature for incorporating thermal networks and storage in the optimization of multi-energy systems.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xuepeng Yuan, Caiman Yan, Yunxian Huang, Yong Tang, Shiwei Zhang, Gong Chen
Summary: In this study, a multi-scale microgroove wick (MSMGW) was developed by laser irradiation, which demonstrated superior capillary performance. The surface morphology and performance of the wick were affected by laser scan pitch, laser power, repetition frequency, and scanning speed. The MSMGW showed optimal capillary performance in alumina material and DI water as the working fluid.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Maofei Mei, Feng Hu, Chong Han
Summary: This paper proposes an effective local search method based on detection of droplet boundaries for understanding the dynamic process of droplet growth during dropwise condensation. The method is validated by comparing with experimental data. The present simulation provides an effective approach to more accurately predict the nucleation site density in future studies.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Rahul Kumar Sharma, Ashish Kumar, Dibakar Rakshit
Summary: The study explores the use of phase change materials (PCM) as a retrofit with Heating Ventilation and Air-conditioning systems (HVAC) to reduce energy consumption and improve air quality. By incorporating PCM with specific thickness and fin configurations, significant energy savings can be achieved in comparison to standard HVAC systems utilizing R134a. This research provides policymakers with energy-efficient and sustainable solutions for HVAC systems to combat climate change.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenhua Ren, Xiangjin Meng, Xingang Qi, Hui Jin, Yunan Chen, Bin Chen, Liejin Guo
Summary: This paper investigates the heat transfer mechanism and factors influencing thermal radiation in the process of supercritical water gasification (SCWG) of coal, and proposes a comprehensive numerical model to simulate the process. Experimental validation results show that thermal radiation accounts for a significant proportion of the total heat exchange in the reactor and a large amount of radiant energy exists in the important spectral range of supercritical water. Enhancing radiative heat transfer can effectively increase the temperature of the reaction medium and the gasification rate.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mauro Abela, Mauro Mameli, Sauro Filippeschi, Brent S. Taft
Summary: Pulsating Heat Pipes (PHP) are passive two-phase heat transfer devices with a simple structure and high heat transfer capabilities. The actual unpredictability of their dynamic behavior during startup and thermal crisis hinders their large-scale application. An experimental apparatus is designed to investigate these phenomena systematically. The results show that increasing the number of evaporator sections and condenser temperature improves the performance of PHP. The condenser temperature also affects the initial liquid phase distribution and startup time.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Ke Gan, Ruilian Li, Yi Zheng, Hui Xu, Ying Gao, Jiajie Qian, Ziming Wei, Bin Kong, Hong Zhang
Summary: A 3-dimensional enhanced heat pipe radiator has been developed to improve heat dissipation and temperature uniformity in cooling high-power electronic components. Experimental results show that the radiator has superior heat transfer performance compared to a conventional aluminum fin radiator under different heating powers and wind speed conditions.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinyi Zhang, Shuzhong Wang, Daihui Jiang, Zhiqiang Wu
Summary: This study focuses on recovering waste heat from blast furnace slag using dry centrifugal pelletizing technology. A comprehensive two-dimensional model was developed to analyze heat transfer dynamics and investigate factors influencing heat exchange efficiency. The findings have important implications for optimizing waste heat recovery and ensuring safe operations.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xincheng Wu, An Zou, Qiang Zhang, Zhaoguang Wang
Summary: The boosting heat generation rate of high-performance processors is challenging traditional cooling techniques. This study proposes a combined design of active jet intermittency and passive surface modification to enhance heat transfer.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
