Metschnikowia mating genomics

Genes involved in mating type determination and recognition were examined in Metschnikowia and related species, to gather insights on factors affecting mating compatibility patterns among haplontic, heterothallic yeast species of the genus. We confirmed the universality of the special mating locus organisation found in Clavispora lusitaniae across and exclusive to the family Metschnikowiaceae (i.e., Metschnikowia and Clavispora). Timing of the divergence between idiomorphs was confirmed to coincide with the origin of the larger (CUG-ser) clade comprising the Debaryomycetaceae and the Metschnikowiaceae, exclusive of Cephaloascus fragrans. The sequence of the a mating pheromone is highly conserved within the large-spored Metschnikowia species, including Metschnikowiaorientalis and Metschnikowiahawaiiana, but not Metschnikowiadrosophilae or Metschnikowiatorresii, which have a pattern of their own, as do other clades in the genus. In contrast, variation in pheromones shows a more continuous, although imperfect correlation with phylogenetic distance as well as with in vivo mating compatibility.