The avian influenza vaccine Emerflu. Why did it fail?

History of highly pathogenic avian influenza

(2016) D.J. ALEXANDER et al.   REVUE SCIENTIFIQUE ET TECHNIQUE-OFFICE INTERNATIONAL DES EPIZOOTIES

Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is not a feature of all particulate vaccine adjuvants

(2014) Silke Neumann et al.   IMMUNOLOGY AND CELL BIOLOGY

A novel highly pathogenic H5N8 avian influenza virus isolated from a wild duck in China

(2014) Shengtao Fan et al.   Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

A synchronized global sweep of the internal genes of modern avian influenza virus

(2014) Michael Worobey et al.   NATURE

AS04-adjuvanted virus-like particles containing multiple M2 extracellular domains of influenza virus confer improved protection

(2014) Yu-Na Lee et al.   VACCINE

Safety and immunogenicity of a virus-like particle pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 vaccine: Results from a double-blinded, randomized Phase I clinical trial in healthy Asian volunteers

(2014) Jenny G.H. Low et al.   VACCINE

Role of lysosome rupture in controlling Nlrp3 signaling and necrotic cell death

(2013) Heriberto Lima Jr. et al.   CELL CYCLE

Immunological assessment of influenza vaccines and immune correlates of protection

(2013) Adrian Reber et al.   Expert Review of Vaccines

Vaccine adjuvant safety: the elephant in the room

(2013) Nikolai Petrovsky   Expert Review of Vaccines

Human infections with the emerging avian influenza A H7N9 virus from wet market poultry: clinical analysis and characterisation of viral genome

(2013) Yu Chen et al.   LANCET

Is low pathogenic avian influenza virus virulent for wild waterbirds?

(2013) T. Kuiken   PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

The comparative effectiveness of adjuvanted and unadjuvanted trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) in the elderly

(2013) P.G. Van Buynder et al.   VACCINE

Natural history of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1

(2013) Stephanie Sonnberg et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

H5N1 vaccines in humans

(2013) Mariana Baz et al.   VIRUS RESEARCH

New World Bats Harbor Diverse Influenza A Viruses

(2013) Suxiang Tong et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Novel role of PKR in inflammasome activation and HMGB1 release

(2012) Ben Lu et al.   NATURE

Ontogeny of Toll-Like and NOD-Like Receptor-Mediated Innate Immune Responses in Papua New Guinean Infants

(2012) Joanne G. Lisciandro et al.   PLoS One

Evaluations for In Vitro Correlates of Immunogenicity of Inactivated Influenza A H5, H7 and H9 Vaccines in Humans

(2012) Robert B. Couch et al.   PLoS One

The vaccination coverage required to establish herd immunity against influenza viruses

(2012) Pedro Plans-Rubió   PREVENTIVE MEDICINE

Airborne Transmission of Influenza A/H5N1 Virus Between Ferrets

(2012) S. Herfst et al.   SCIENCE

Adjuvants in influenza vaccines

(2012) Kohhei Tetsutani et al.   VACCINE

Immune response to vaccine adjuvants during the first year of life

(2012) Ofer Levy et al.   VACCINE

Risk Factors for Cluster Outbreaks of Avian Influenza A H5N1 Infection, Indonesia

(2011) T. Y. Aditama et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Alum adjuvant: some of the tricks of the oldest adjuvant

(2011) M. Kool et al.   JOURNAL OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY

Enhanced Immunogenicity, Mortality Protection, and Reduced Viral Brain Invasion by Alum Adjuvant with an H5N1 Split-Virion Vaccine in the Ferret

(2011) Robert Colby Layton et al.   PLoS One

Vaccine adjuvants alum and MF59 induce rapid recruitment of neutrophils and monocytes that participate in antigen transport to draining lymph nodes

(2011) Samuele Calabro et al.   VACCINE

Adjuvants that stimulate TLR3 or NLPR3 pathways enhance the efficiency of influenza virus-like particle vaccines in aged mice

(2011) Kirsten Schneider-Ohrum et al.   VACCINE

Superior Immunogenicity of Inactivated Whole Virus H5N1 Influenza Vaccine is Primarily Controlled by Toll-like Receptor Signalling

(2011) Felix Geeraedts et al.   PLoS Pathogens

Adjuvants: no longer a ‘dirty little secret’, but essential key players in vaccines of the future

(2010) Takeshi Arakawa   Expert Review of Vaccines

Historical thoughts on influenza viral ecosystems, or behold a pale horse, dead dogs, failing fowl, and sick swine

(2010) David M. Morens et al.   Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses

Reassortment between avian H5N1 and human H3N2 influenza viruses creates hybrid viruses with substantial virulence

(2010) C. Li et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Safety and immunogenicity of adjuvanted inactivated split-virion and whole-virion influenza A (H5N1) vaccines in children: A phase I–II randomized trial

(2010) Jiang Wu et al.   VACCINE

Mechanism of immunopotentiation by aluminum-containing adjuvants elucidated by the relationship between antigen retention at the inoculation site and the immune response

(2010) Stephanie M. Noe et al.   VACCINE

Preformulation studies—The next advance in aluminum adjuvant-containing vaccines

(2010) Stanley L. Hem et al.   VACCINE

Qualification of the Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay in Support of Pandemic Influenza Vaccine Licensure

(2009) D. L. Noah et al.   Clinical and Vaccine Immunology

Immunogenicity, Safety, and Cross‐Reactivity of an Inactivated, Adjuvanted, Prototype Pandemic Influenza (H5N1) Vaccine: A Phase II, Double‐Blind, Randomized Trial

(2009) Jiang Wu et al.   CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES

AS04, an Aluminum Salt- and TLR4 Agonist-Based Adjuvant System, Induces a Transient Localized Innate Immune Response Leading to Enhanced Adaptive Immunity

(2009) A. M. Didierlaurent et al.   JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY

Immunogenicity and adverse events of avian influenza A H5N1 vaccine in healthy adults: multiple-treatments meta-analysis

(2009) Lamberto Manzoli et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

A Novel Influenza A (H1N1) Vaccine in Various Age Groups

(2009) Feng-Cai Zhu et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Heterosubtype Neutralizing Responses to Influenza A (H5N1) Viruses Are Mediated by Antibodies to Virus Haemagglutinin

(2009) Jean-Michel Garcia et al.   PLoS One

Humoral and cellular immune responses to split-virion H5N1 influenza vaccine in young and elderly adults

(2009) Isabel Leroux-Roels et al.   VACCINE

Pandemic H5N1 influenza vaccine development: an update

(2008) Hana M El Sahly et al.   Expert Review of Vaccines

Testing human sera for antibodies against avian influenza viruses: Horse RBC hemagglutination inhibition vs. microneutralization assays

(2008) Ghazi Kayali et al.   JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY

Effects of Adjuvants on the Safety and Immunogenicity of an Avian Influenza H5N1 Vaccine in Adults

(2008) David I. Bernstein et al.   JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Increased sensitivity for detecting avian influenza-specific antibodies by a modified hemagglutination inhibition assay using horse erythrocytes

(2008) Na Jia et al.   JOURNAL OF VIROLOGICAL METHODS

Probable limited person-to-person transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus in China

(2008) Hua Wang et al.   LANCET

Stockpiling prepandemic influenza vaccines: a new cornerstone of pandemic preparedness plans

(2008) Lance C Jennings et al.   LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES

Crucial role for the Nalp3 inflammasome in the immunostimulatory properties of aluminium adjuvants

(2008) Stephanie C. Eisenbarth et al.   NATURE

A Clinical Trial of a Whole-Virus H5N1 Vaccine Derived from Cell Culture

(2008) Hartmut J. Ehrlich et al.   NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE

Cross-Clade Protective Immune Responses to Influenza Viruses with H5N1 HA and NA Elicited by an Influenza Virus-Like Particle

(2008) Rick A. Bright et al.   PLoS One

Safety, Humoral and Cell Mediated Immune Responses to Two Formulations of an Inactivated, Split-Virion Influenza A/H5N1 Vaccine in Children

(2008) Tawee Chotpitayasunondh et al.   PLoS One

Molecular and cellular signatures of human vaccine adjuvants

(2008) F. Mosca et al.   PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

Phase I and II randomised trials of the safety and immunogenicity of a prototype adjuvanted inactivated split-virus influenza A (H5N1) vaccine in healthy adults

(2008) Terry M. Nolan et al.   VACCINE

Safety and immunogenicity of a prototype adjuvanted inactivated split-virus influenza A (H5N1) vaccine in infants and children

(2008) Terry Nolan et al.   VACCINE

Alum boosts TH2-type antibody responses to whole-inactivated virus influenza vaccine in mice but does not confer superior protection

(2008) Laura Bungener et al.   VACCINE

Effect of the strength of adsorption of hepatitis B surface antigen to aluminum hydroxide adjuvant on the immune response

(2008) Bethany Hansen et al.   VACCINE