Review
Oncology
Franziska Hauth, Alice Y. Ho, Soldano Ferrone, Dan G. Duda
Summary: This review discusses the current advancements in CAR T-cell therapy and the challenges in combining CAR T-cell therapy with radiotherapy. Combinatorial treatment approaches, including the addition of radiotherapy to CAR T cells, may provide a strategy to overcome resistance to CAR T-cell therapy in solid tumors.
Review
Oncology
Diana C. Simao, Kevin K. Zarrabi, Jose L. Mendes, Ricardo Luz, Jorge A. Garcia, William K. Kelly, Pedro C. Barata
Summary: Cancer treatments have changed with the introduction of immunotherapy, and new agents that redirect T-cells against cancer are rapidly emerging in multiple tumor types. However, the development of immunotherapy strategies remains a challenge in prostate cancer due to its heterogeneous and immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment.
Review
Immunology
Yue Qin, Guotai Xu
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy is a treatment that enhances tumor-specific killing using engineered immunoreceptors. While new generations of CAR T-cell therapies have significantly improved efficacy in leukemia cases, only a few therapies have gained FDA approval and are applied to hematologic cancers. Targeting solid tumors through CAR T-cell therapies still faces several challenges, but recent advances have provided new insights and potential reversal therapies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Grace Guzman, Megan R. Reed, Kevin Bielamowicz, Brian Koss, Analiz Rodriguez
Summary: This review discusses the challenges and opportunities in using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy for solid tumors, as well as the development of therapies for pediatric solid tumors. The success of CAR-T cell treatment for hematological malignancies has not been observed in solid tumors due to the hostile tumor microenvironment and heterogeneity. Combinatorial techniques are being developed to overcome these limitations, but further testing is needed. Preliminary results of clinical trials using GD2 and HER2 CAR-T cells are encouraging, but replication on a larger scale is necessary. CAR-T cell application in solid tumors remains challenging, with ongoing clinical trials for pediatric solid tumors showing promising early results but indicating the need for modification to prevent tumor recurrence.
CURRENT ONCOLOGY REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Ilse Gille, Frans H. J. Claas, Geert W. Haasnoot, Mirjam H. M. Heemskerk, Sebastiaan Heidt
Summary: Solid organ transplantation is an effective treatment for end-stage diseases, but the need for immunosuppression can lead to serious side effects. CAR Treg therapy, specifically with HLA-A2 CAR Tregs, shows potential in promoting transplantation tolerance and improving graft survival.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Faroogh Marofi, Harun Achmad, Dmitry Bokov, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Zeid Alsadoon, Supat Chupradit, Wanich Suksatan, Siavash Shariatzadeh, Zahra Hasanpoor, Mahboubeh Yazdanifar, Navid Shomali, Farhad Motavalli Khiavi
Summary: CAR T cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for hematological malignancies, particularly B cell malignancies. However, its effectiveness in solid tumors is hindered by various complications, such as the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, tumor antigen heterogeneity, and limited accessibility to tumor cells. Strategies have been recommended to overcome these challenges and enhance the performance of infused T cells.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Arthur Xuan Wang, Xiao Jing Ong, Criselle D'Souza, Paul J. Neeson, Joe Jiang Zhu
Summary: Chemotherapy is commonly used before CAR-T cell therapy to improve engraftment. It can deplete immunosuppressive cells, promote a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment, disrupt tumor stroma, and improve CAR-T cell recruitment. However, there are challenges and obstacles to achieving effective clinical outcomes with the combination therapy, such as dosage and treatment schedule-dependent effects.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wan-Tai Wu, Wen-Ying Lin, Yi-Wei Chen, Chun-Fu Lin, Hsin-Hui Wang, Szu-Hsien Wu, Yi-Yen Lee
Summary: Immunotherapy, especially CAR T-cell therapy, has emerged as a promising treatment for hematological malignancies and potentially for solid tumors, including pediatric brain tumors. Despite facing challenges in pediatric brain tumor treatment, encouraging outcomes are emerging from both clinical and preclinical trials.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Lele Miao, Zhengchao Zhang, Zhijian Ren, Futian Tang, Yumin Li
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell immunotherapy has shown significant progress in hematologic malignancies, but its efficacy in solid tumors is limited due to the complex biological characteristics of solid tumors. Research indicates that CAR-T cells play a better role in addressing obstacles in solid tumors, suggesting potential for improved efficacy with further study and development.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Jiaqiao Fan, Jugal Kishore Das, Xiaofang Xiong, Hailong Chen, Jianxun Song
Summary: The study developed a retroviral CAR construct with a second-generation carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)-targeting CAR and the Bcl-xL gene, which significantly enhanced CAR-T cell accumulation in tumor tissues, suppressed tumor growth, and increased overall survival in a murine colorectal cancer model. This novel CAR-T platform has the potential to boost CAR-T immunotherapy for solid tumors by increasing cell persistence through exogenous expression of persistent genes.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Oncology
Keishi Adachi, Koji Tamada
Summary: The three major standard therapies for cancer, namely surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, have been successful in saving many patients. For cancers that are resistant to these standard therapies, immunotherapy has become an important area of research. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy (ICI) has shown significant effectiveness in large-scale clinical trials, leading to its recognition as the fourth standard therapy for cancer. CAR-T-cell therapy, a type of adoptive cell therapy, has shown promising results against some hematologic malignancies, but its effectiveness against solid tumors remains a challenge. This review provides an overview of CAR-T-cell therapy and its recent progress in treating solid tumors.
Article
Oncology
Jinrong Yang, Weilin Zhou, Dan Li, Ting Niu, Wei Wang
Summary: This article summarizes the application and research progress of BCMA-targeting CAR T cell therapy in the treatment of multiple myeloma, as well as measures to improve efficacy and safety.
Review
Oncology
Wenwen Wei, Dong Yang, Xi Chen, Dandan Liang, Liqun Zou, Xudong Zhao
Summary: This review summarizes the characteristics of non-B-cell acute leukemia and the efficacy and challenges of CAR-T cell therapy in treating this type of leukemia.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christopher Schorr, Jorge Forindez, Manuel Espinoza-Gutarra, Rakesh Mehta, Natalie Grover, Fabiana Perna
Summary: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the treatment of B-cell hematological malignancies, but it is associated with various toxicities, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity (ICANS), and thrombotic events. A retrospective study on 140 adult patients who received CAR T-cell therapy revealed a thrombosis incidence of 7.14%, primarily involving venous events and occurring around 23.5 days post-infusion. D-Dimer elevation and ICANS grade were significantly associated with post-CAR T-cell therapy thrombosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Daniela G. M. Tantalo, Amanda J. Oliver, Bianca von Scheidt, Aaron J. Harrison, Scott N. Mueller, Michael H. Kershaw, Clare Y. Slaney
Summary: Immunotherapy has identified adoptive cell transfer as a promising approach for treating cancers, generating cancer reactive CAR T cells through genetic modification to target tumor-associated antigens. The ability of CAR T cells to respond against disease depends on their phenotypes, with current interest in generating ideal phenotypes for optimal antitumor activity through manipulation of culture conditions and genetic makeups.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2021)