Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tiffany Dodier, Kendall L. Anderson, James Bothwell, Janice Hermann, Edralin A. Lucas, Brenda J. Smith
Summary: Preclinical studies have shown that tart cherries protect against age-related and inflammation-induced bone loss. This study found that daily consumption of Montmorency tart cherry juice can reduce bone resorption without affecting bone formation and turnover biomarkers in older women.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ott Kiens, Egon Taalberg, Viktoria Ivanova, Ketlin Veevali, Triin Laurits, Ragne Tamm, Aigar Ottas, Kalle Kilk, Ursel Soomets, Alan Altraja
Summary: The study found significant alterations in serum profiles of amino acid and biogenic amines in patients with OSA compared to controls, suggesting vast pathophysiologic shifts reflected in the systemic metabolism. Significant elevations in alanine, proline, and kynurenine concentrations in OSA patients were detected, as well as changes in overnight dynamics of other amino acids.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Florent Peyraud, Jean-Philippe Guegan, Dominique Bodet, Sophie Cousin, Alban Bessede, Antoine Italiano
Summary: Metabolism of tryptophan plays a crucial role in tumor malignancy and immune suppression, making it a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. While IDO1 inhibitors have shown promising preclinical data, their effectiveness in clinical trials has been questioned, highlighting the complexity of combinatorial approaches. This review explores the immunomodulatory role of tryptophan catabolism metabolites, discusses the shortcomings of IDO1 inhibitors in clinical trials, and examines alternative approaches in the field of immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Terun Desai, Michael Roberts, Lindsay Bottoms
Summary: This study found that Montmorency tart cherry juice supplementation significantly improved cardiovascular metabolic health markers, including blood pressure, glucose, and cholesterol levels, potentially preventing further deterioration of cardiovascular metabolic dysfunction in individuals with MetS.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NUTRITION
(2021)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Sevda Shayesteh, Gilles J. Guillemin, Amir Rashidian, Hedyeh Faghir-Ghanesefat, Ali R. Mani, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Ahmad R. Dehpour
Summary: The kynurenine pathway is upregulated in liver disease and is associated with disease severity. In an experimental model of cirrhosis, inhibition of IDO with 1-MT improved cardiac dysfunction and reduced systemic inflammation. Chronic administration of 1-MT also attenuated hepatic inflammation, fibrosis, and ductular proliferation in rats with biliary cirrhosis.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Emina Sudar-Milovanovic, Zoran Gluvic, Milan Obradovic, Bozidarka Zaric, Esma R. Isenovic
Summary: This article reviews the link between mammalian tryptophan metabolism and its role in atherosclerosis and diabetes, and outlines intervention strategies.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Andrea C. Rogando, Kathleen M. Weber, Jiaqian Xing, Xiaonan Xue, Tsion Yohannes, Ralph Morack, Qibin Qi, Clary Clish, Kevin Bullock, Deborah Gustafson, Kathryn Anastos, Anjali Sharma, Helen J. Burgess, Audrey L. French
Summary: This study found that elevated kynurenine-to-tryptophan ratio and kynurenine levels were associated with poorer sleep efficiency and more wake bouts in women with HIV compared to demographically similar uninfected women.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Ying Tan, Miaomiao Liu, Ming Li, Yujuan Chen, Meng Ren
Summary: L-tryptophan metabolism is involved in the regulation of various physiological processes. Inhibiting the enzyme IDO1, which catalyzes the conversion of tryptophan, has therapeutic benefits for several diseases. Natural compounds, such as quinones, polyphenols, alkaloids, and others, have been found to have inhibitory activity against IDO1 and can be further optimized for potential use as IDO1 inhibitors.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruta Zulpaite, Povilas Miknevicius, Bettina Leber, Kestutis Strupas, Philipp Stiegler, Peter Schemmer
Summary: Solid organ transplantation faces challenges such as organ shortage, extended criteria donor organs, and immune regulation issues with a lack of accurate biomarkers for predicting dysfunction and rejection. Tryptophan and its metabolites are of interest in this field, offering therapeutic and prognostic potential.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xiao-han Liu, Xiao-yue Zhai
Summary: Tryptophan metabolism is associated with various biological processes such as nerve conduction, inflammation, and the immune response. Clinical studies have shown that it plays a crucial role in tumor progression by modulating the immunosuppressive microenvironment through multiple mechanisms.
Article
Horticulture
Zachary T. Brym, Brent L. Black
Summary: Commercial Montmorency tart cherry trees are grown in low-density systems in the United States. Orchard design has not significantly changed over the past 50 years, but management strategies vary from farm to farm, with canopy dimensions and dynamics being important considerations. Surveys of orchard design and canopy management across five commercial farms in Utah revealed trends in tree growth and canopy structure, highlighting a critical period for orchard management during the transition from establishment to maturity.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Adrian Mor, Anna Tankiewicz-Kwedlo, Dariusz Pawlak
Summary: Malignancies pose a significant public health challenge, with tumors developing mechanisms to evade treatment responses. The accumulation of tryptophan metabolites in the kynurenine pathway enhances neoplastic progression by suppressing the immune system's response, highlighting the potential for targeting this pathway in anticancer therapy. Various preclinical and clinical studies have been conducted on inhibiting enzymes in this pathway, showing promising results.
Article
Fisheries
Yimu Luan, Yaocen Wang, Wentong Zhang, Xuyuan Duan, Peng Su, Qingwei Li, Yue Pang, Meng Gou
Summary: This study cloned and identified six TRP-KYN pathway-related genes from the lamprey. These genes were found to play a role in immunosuppression, inflammatory response, and tumor suppression. The key gene Lj-TDO was highly expressed in the oral gland. Real-time quantitative PCR showed significant upregulation of TRP-KYN pathway-related genes after multi-stimulation. RNA interference of Lj-IDO2 regulated the expression of inflammatory factors. This study provides valuable insights into the ancestral features and functions of the TRP-KYN pathway, as well as its involvement in the immune responses of jawless vertebrates.
FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Eleonora Panfili, Giada Mondanelli, Ciriana Orabona, Marco Gargaro, Claudia Volpi, Maria Laura Belladonna, Sofia Rossini, Chiara Suvieri, Maria Teresa Pallotta
Summary: IDO1 is an enzyme activated in many cancer patients, its expression and activity correlate with a poor prognosis. It acts as an immune regulator and contributes to tumor-induced immunosuppression. Epacadostat, an IDO1 inhibitor, failed in a clinical trial that tested its effectiveness in combination with pembrolizumab therapy for metastatic melanoma. The failure might be due to the drug's ability to enhance the immunoregulatory mechanism of IDO1 involving intracellular signaling function.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Vetalise C. Konje, Thekkelnaycke M. Rajendiran, Keith Bellovich, Crystal A. Gadegbeku, Debbie S. Gipson, Farsad Afshinnia, Anna Mathew
Summary: The study revealed that low tryptophan levels are associated with incident CVD in CKD. Additionally, increasing levels of tryptophan and kynurenine can improve the accuracy of predicting incident CVD using discriminant analysis.
CLINICAL KIDNEY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John M. Jakicic, Robert Berkowitz, Paula Bolin, George A. Bray, Jeanne M. Clark, Mace Coday, Caitlin Egan, Mary Evans, John P. Foreyt, Janet E. Fulton, Frank L. Greenway, Edward W. Gregg, Helen P. Hazuda, James O. Hill, Edward S. Horton, Van S. Hubbard, Robert W. Jeffery, Karen C. Johnson, Ruby Johnson, Steven E. Kahn, Anne Kure, Wei Lang, Cora E. Lewis, David M. Nathan, Jennifer Patricio, Anne Peters, Xavier Pi-Sunyer, Henry Pownall, W. Jack Rejeski, Monika Safford, Kerry J. Stewart, Thomas A. Wadden, Michael P. Walkup, Rena R. Wing, Holly Wyatt
Summary: Increased accelerometry-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes, emphasizing the need for long-term engagement in MVPA to reduce CVD risk in adults with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Susan B. Roberts, Sai Krupa Das, R. Drew Sayer, Ann E. Caldwell, Holly R. Wyatt, Tapan S. Mehta, Anna M. Gorczyca, Jennifer L. Oslund, John C. Peters, James E. Friedman, Chia-Ying Chiu, Frank L. Greenway, Joseph E. Donnelly, Maria Carlota Dao, Adolfo G. Cuevas, Olivia Affuso, Larrell L. Wilkinson, Diana Thomas, Ebaa Al-Ozairi, Mary Yannakoulia, Yeganeh M. Khazrai, Raoul J. Manalac, Vasil Bachiashvili, James O. Hill
Summary: The International Weight Control Registry (IWCR) aims to study the factors contributing to successful weight loss and weight loss maintenance in individuals and across population groups. Through detailed data collection including questionnaires, objective measures, and qualitative information, researchers will gain a better understanding of the challenges and determinants of weight management, and be able to develop targeted interventions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, Robbie A. Beyl, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Jennifer C. Rood
Summary: This study demonstrated that a single intramuscular dose of testosterone undecanoate (750 mg) administered to physically active males before a 20-day simulated, multi-stressor military operation increased circulating total and free testosterone concentrations within normal physiological ranges and spared fat-free mass (FFM). However, testosterone administration did not attenuate decrements in physical performance across multiple measures of power, strength, anaerobic or aerobic capacity.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Kristina. J. J. Cook, Ann Coulter, Michael Keenan, Frank Greenway, Jack. N. N. Losso
Summary: This study evaluated the beneficial effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) and sodium propionate (NaP) on fatty acid oxidation (FAO) genes and proinflammatory cytokine production related to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results showed that NaP and NaB promoted FAO, regulated lipolysis, and reduced reactive oxygen species production in HepG2 cells. NaP and NaB also increased the mRNA expression of key genes related to FAO in different models. Additionally, only NaP treatment significantly decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in LPS-induced HepG2 cells. The findings suggest that NaP and NaB have potential for further in vivo studies on NAFLD.
JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL FOOD
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Stefany D. Primeaux, Robert Dubin, Frank L. Greenway
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an orlistat mouth rinse on the intake of a high-fat meal. The results showed that the orlistat mouth rinse decreased total and fat calories consumed during the high-fat meal in high-fat consumers, but did not alter calories consumed in low-fat consumers (P < 0.05).
DIABETES OBESITY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Candida J. Rebello, Dachuan Zhang, John P. Kirwan, Adam C. Lowe, Carlante J. Emerson, Chelsea L. Kracht, Lori C. Steib, Frank L. Greenway, William D. Johnson, Justin C. Brown
Summary: This study systematically summarized the effect of exercise training on whole-body insulin sensitivity and found that exercise training significantly increases insulin-stimulated glucose disposal. Weight loss may maximize the effect and improve hepatic insulin sensitivity. Differences in tracer methodology contribute to divergent outcomes and should be considered in research conclusions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBESITY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
John W. Apolzan, Jessica Gokee LaRose, Stephen D. Anton, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway, Edmond P. Wickham, Autumn Lanoye, Melissa N. Harris, Corby K. Martin, Tiffany Bullard, Gary D. Foster, Michelle I. Cardel
Summary: The efficacy of a scalable, virtually delivered, diabetes-tailored weight management program on glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes was tested. The results showed that the program had positive and clinically meaningful effects on glycemic control, body weight, and psychosocial outcomes.
NUTRITION & DIABETES
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ann A. Coulter, Frank L. Greenway, Dachuan Zhang, Sujoy Ghosh, Cathryn R. Coulter, Sarah L. James, Yanlin He, Luke A. Cusimano, Candida J. Rebello
Summary: Naringenin, an activator found in citrus fruits, has beneficial effects on thermogenesis and insulin sensitivity. Our study investigated if carotenoids can enhance the metabolic effects of naringenin on adipocytes. Results showed that beta-carotene acts synergistically with naringenin to improve thermogenesis and glucose metabolism genes.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hassan M. Heshmati, Livio Luzi, Frank L. Greenway, Candida J. Rebello
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Arny A. Ferrando, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
Summary: The physical performance decrements observed during multi-stressor military operations may be attributed to cellular membrane dysfunction, which can be quantified using phase angle (PhA) derived from bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Positive associations between PhA and performance have been reported, but it is unknown whether changes in PhA indicate acute decrements in performance during military operations.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Zheng Wang, Guillaume Spielmann, Neil Johannsen, Frank Greenway, Brian A. Irving, Marc Dalecki
Summary: This study demonstrates that normo-baric oxygen treatment can significantly improve participants' sequence learning processing speed, and this improvement consolidates after overnight sleep.
BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Candida J. Rebello, Tyler S. Morales, Katsya Chuon, Shu Dong, V. Tyrone Lam, Dan Purner, Stanley Lewis, Jonathan Lakey, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway
Summary: Insulin is secreted in pulses to regulate blood glucose levels. In type 2 diabetes, irregularities in insulin secretion occur. Native Americans have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes and are genetically predisposed to low beta-cell function. A retrospective chart review of metabolic outcomes in Native Americans showed improvements after physiologic hormone administration, suggesting the need for further investigation in randomized controlled trials.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christoph Hoechsmann, Shengping Yang, Jose M. Ordovas, James L. Dorling, Catherine M. Champagne, John W. Apolzan, Frank L. Greenway, Michelle I. Cardel, Gary D. Foster, Corby K. Martin
Summary: Weight loss differences between isocaloric high-carbohydrate and high-fat diets are generally small, but individual weight loss varies within diet groups. Genotype patterns may modify diet effects on weight loss.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Candida J. Rebello, Stephen Boue, Ronald J. Levy, Renee Puyau, Robbie A. Beyl, Frank L. Greenway, Mark L. Heiman, Jeffrey N. Keller, Charles F. Reynolds, John P. Kirwan
Summary: This study examined the safety of soybean products in Western diets and conducted a dose-escalating clinical trial in older adults with obesity. The results showed that consuming less than 30g of soybean flour per day is beneficial for cardiovascular and overall health, and can reduce the dependence on other food groups and nutrients in older adults with obesity.
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Alyssa N. Varanoske, Melissa N. Harris, Callie Hebert, Emily E. Howard, Neil M. Johannsen, Steven B. Heymsfield, Frank L. Greenway, Lee M. Margolis, Harris R. Lieberman, David D. Church, Arny A. Ferrando, Jennifer C. Rood, Stefan M. Pasiakos
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)