Article
Physiology
Alexander J. Rosenberg, Victoria L. Kay, Garen K. Anderson, Justin D. Sprick, Caroline A. Rickards
Summary: This study compared tolerance and hemodynamic responses between stepwise and ramp lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocols, finding similar central hypovolemia and cumulative stress index between the two protocols, but a greater increase in cerebral oxygen extraction during presyncope in the step protocol. These results suggest that pressure profile is an important factor to consider when comparing cardiovascular responses to LBNP in different laboratories.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Massimo Nardone, Carlin Katerberg, Andre L. Teixeira, Jordan B. Lee, Julian C. Bommarito, Philip J. Millar
Summary: The sympathetic transduction of blood pressure is negatively correlated with resting muscle sympathetic nerve activity. The acute effects of increasing sympathetic nerve activity on blood pressure are still unclear. This study used lower body negative pressure to increase sympathetic nerve activity and found that it did not alter the traditional measures of sympathetic transduction of blood pressure. Further research is needed to determine the factors that affect the firing of sympathetic nerve activity in relation to blood pressure oscillations.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
G. Toure, Y. Francois, D. Porozaj, E. Anzouan-Kacou
Summary: The internal carotid artery plays a crucial role in supplying the brain and forming the cerebral arterial circle. Variations of the internal carotid artery are important in medical imaging, interventional radiology, and surgery. The knowledge of these variations is crucial in procedures like vascular anastomosis and arterial ligatures. In a cadaveric cervical dissection, a duplicated left internal carotid artery was found, which is a rare occurrence. This duplication involved the penetration of the branches into the skull, forming the cerebral arterial circle and the basilar artery.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Amr Ewida, Rashid Ahmed, Anqi Luo, Hesham Masoud
Summary: Spontaneous dissection of the major arteries of the neck can increase the risk of stroke, while bilateral internal carotid and vertebral artery dissection is extremely rare.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Piotr Kaszczewski, Michal Elwertowski, Jerzy Leszczynski, Tomasz Ostrowski, Joanna Kaszczewska, Tomasz Brzezinski, Daniel Jarosz, Siavash Swieczkowski-Feiz, Zbigniew Galazka
Summary: This study aimed to assess cerebral blood flow in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis and focused on the circulation pathways and flow volume in extracranial arteries. The results showed that patients could compensate for the reduced blood flow through volumetric flow compensation, and this compensatory ability decreased with age.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Denis A. Golovin, Tatyana M. Rostovtseva, Yuri S. Kudryavtsev, Alexander B. Berdalin, Svetlana E. Lelyuk, Vladimir G. Lelyuk
Summary: Carotid artery elongation is common in patients with ischemic stroke, but it is not directly associated with acute ischemic lesions. The prevalence of carotid artery elongation is the same among different types of stroke. Patients with carotid artery elongation have significantly decreased arterial velocities.
Article
Biology
Adam Salon, Nikola Vladic, Karin Schmid-Zalaudek, Bianca Steuber, Anna Hawliczek, Janez Urevc, Andrej Bergauer, Vid Pivec, Vishwajeet Shankhwar, Nandu Goswami
Summary: This study investigated the changes in retinal vasculature during central hypovolemia induced by lower body negative pressure (LBNP). Surprisingly, no significant changes were observed in retinal blood flow between time points or across the sexes. Further research is needed with stronger LBNP levels to fully understand retinal microcirculation during complete cardiovascular collapse and severe hemorrhage.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Zhe Sun, Dengrong Jiang, Peiying Liu, Marco Muccio, Chenyang Li, Yan Cao, Thomas M. Wisniewski, Hanzhang Lu, Yulin Ge
Summary: This study conducted a quantitative investigation of vascular tortuosity and flow using MRI in a large cohort. The results showed significant effects of age and gender on vascular tortuosity and flow. Additionally, females demonstrated more distinct vascular changes compared to males.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Akanksha Singh, Shival Srivastav, Kavita Yadav, Dinu S. Chandran, Ashok Kumar Jaryal, K. K. Deepak
Summary: This study examined the cardiovascular and neurohormonal effects of oscillatory lower body negative pressure (oLBNP) at -15 and -45 mm Hg. Results showed a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure and an increase in heart rate with oLBNP, but no significant changes in serum angiotensin II, antidiuretic hormone and atrial natriuretic peptide levels.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marat V. Ezhov, Narek A. Tmoyan, Olga I. Afanasieva, Marina I. Afanasieva, Sergei N. Pokrovsky
Summary: Despite high-intensity lipid-lowering therapy, there is still a residual risk of cardiovascular events that may be associated with lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)). Elevated Lp(a) levels have been shown to be associated with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease. Data on the role of Lp(a) in cardiovascular events after peripheral revascularization are limited.
Article
Physiology
Leonhard Berboth, Birgit Zirngast, Martin Manninger, Paul Steendijk, Carsten Tschope, Daniel Scherr, Helmut G. Hinghofer-Szalkay, Nandu Goswami, Lonnie G. Petersen, Heinrich Maechler, Alessio Alogna
Summary: This study investigated the effects of incremental lower body negative pressure (LBNP) from -15 to -45 mmHg on hemodynamic regulation using invasive pressure-volume assessment in closed-chest pigs. Graded preload reduction via LBNP induces negative left ventricular (LV) pressures while increasing LV suction, allowing the ventricle to eject below the equilibrium volume at the end of systole. Therefore, LBNP-induced central hypovolemia is associated with increased diastolic suction.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biophysics
Rabie Fadil, Ajay K. Verma, Farshid Sadeghian, Andrew P. Blaber, Kouhyar Tavakolian
Summary: The relationship between heart rate and blood pressure, as well as cardiorespiratory coupling, play a critical role in maintaining blood pressure and organ perfusion during conditions of blood loss. This study aimed to investigate the potential of these physiological interactions to track the progression of simulated hemorrhage and distinguish individuals with low tolerance to hypovolemia from those with high tolerance.
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Travis D. Gibbons, Jerome A. Dempsey, Kate N. Thomas, Holly A. Campbell, Tiarna A. M. Stothers, Luke C. Wilson, Philip N. Ainslie, James D. Cotter
Summary: Humans experience hyperventilation under heat and cold strain. The carotid body, which regulates ventilation, plays a crucial role in thermally mediated hyperventilation. The study found that carotid body activity and sensitivity increase in a dose-dependent manner with heating, while cold stress only saturates the effect of carotid body activity. This suggests that carotid body likely contributes to heat-induced hyperventilation.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2022)
Article
Surgery
Lucien Chassin-Trubert, Baris Ata Ozdemir, Youcef Lounes, William Alonso, Ludovic Canaud, Pierre Alric
Summary: ECAA, with its main etiologies being atherosclerotic degeneration and pseudoaneurysm, often presents symptoms such as neck pain, pulsatile mass, and neurological manifestations. Recommendations for diagnosis and treatment vary, posing a challenge for clinicians to reach consensus.
ANNALS OF VASCULAR SURGERY
(2021)
Article
Mechanics
Ioannis W. Kokkinakis, Dimitris Drikakis
Summary: This study investigates indoor explosions and their impact on humans. It challenges the standard approach that blast overpressure is the main determinant of trauma and injury. Instead, it shows that the wind force generated behind the blast can have a greater effect on humans, even at low blast overpressures.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Toru Kawada, Hiromi Yamamoto, Kazunori Uemura, Yohsuke Hayama, Takuya Nishikawa, Can Zheng, Meihua Li, Tadayoshi Miyamoto, Masaru Sugimachi
Summary: The study showed that under beta-blockade, ivabradine (IVA) increased the high-frequency dynamic gain during low- and moderate-intensity vagal nerve stimulation. This effect may be attributed to the untethering of the hyperpolarizing effect of acetylcholine-sensitive potassium channels after IVA injection.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Shigehiko Ogoh, Takuro Washio, Benjamin S. Stacey, Hayato Tsukamoto, Angelo Iannetelli, Thomas S. Owens, Thomas A. Calverley, Lewis Fall, Christopher J. Marley, Shotaro Saito, Hironori Watanabe, Takeshi Hashimoto, Soichi Ando, Tadayoshi Miyamoto, Damian M. Bailey
Summary: The study demonstrates site-specific regulation of cerebral blood flow in hypoxia, preserving oxygen delivery in the posterior but not anterior cerebral circulation, with minimal contribution from the central respiratory chemoreflex. Vasodilatation of the external carotid artery may be an unexplored haemodynamic risk factor in the pathophysiology of acute mountain sickness.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Chueh-Lung Hwang, Kazunobu Okazaki, Shigeki Shibata, Yu-Lun Liu, Qi Fu
Summary: This study investigated the effects of the menstrual cycle on muscle sympathetic nerve activity burst amplitude distribution during an orthostatic challenge in young women. The results showed that the mean and median values of relative burst amplitude increased from supine to upright position, regardless of menstrual cycle phases. However, the skewness and kurtosis of burst amplitude distribution varied between the early follicular phase and mid-luteal phase.
CLINICAL AUTONOMIC RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Takeshi Hashimoto, Hayato Tsukamoto, Soichi Ando, Shigehiko Ogoh
Summary: Exercise is beneficial for brain health and cognitive performance, with lactate playing a potentially important role in enhancing brain function. The mechanisms of how chronic exercise influences brain health, particularly through lactate, are not yet fully understood, but high-intensity interval exercise is acknowledged to induce metabolic myokine, such as lactate, for brain health.
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yutaka Igarashi, Atsuya Toya, Kazunobu Okazaki
Article
Physiology
Tadayoshi Miyamoto, Daisuke Sotobayashi, Go Ito, Eriko Kawai, Hidehiro Nakahara, Shinya Ueda, Takeshi Toyama, Keita Saku, Yasuto Nakanishi, Hiroshi Kinoshita
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the variations in anticipatory cardiorespiratory responses depending on the intensity of subsequent exercise bout, and the importance of these adjustments in enhancing exercise performance during high-intensity exercise. The results showed that anticipatory cardiorespiratory adjustments played a crucial role in minimizing the time delay of circulatory response and enhancing performance after the onset of high-intensity exercise.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Daichi Sumi, Haruna Nagatsuka, Kaori Matsuo, Kazunobu Okazaki, Kazushige Goto
Summary: Endurance training under hot conditions improves thermoregulation, but does not attenuate exercise-induced hepcidin elevation.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Shigehiko Ogoh, Jun Sugawara, Shigeki Shibata
Summary: Heart failure (HF) in patients may increase the risk of cognitive dysfunction and stroke due to physiological factors associated with cardiac dysfunctions affecting cerebral circulation. Reduced cerebral blood flow and abnormal autoregulation in chronic HF can lead to decreased perfusion, metabolic insufficiency, and structural deteriorations in the brain. The mechanism underlying HF-induced brain disease is still unclear, and future studies should focus on physiological factors to prevent brain disease and cardiovascular dysfunction in HF patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daichi Sumi, Haruna Nagatsuka, Kaori Matsuo, Kazunobu Okazaki, Kazushige Goto
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the effects of heat acclimation on gastrointestinal damage and gastric emptying rate following endurance exercise. The results showed that endurance training in a hot environment improved thermoregulation, but did not further attenuate exercise-induced GI damage and delay in gastric emptying rate compared to training in a cool environment.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Shigehiko Ogoh
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Hisayo Yokoyama, Daiki Imai, Yuta Suzuki, Akira Ogita, Hitoshi Watanabe, Haruka Kawabata, Takaaki Miyake, Izumi Yoshii, Shinji Tsubouchi, Yoshimasa Matsuura, Kazunobu Okazaki
Summary: This study evaluated the current state of health literacy (HL) among college students and explored the factors influencing HL, as well as the relationship between HL and health conditions. The majority of participants had problematic or unsatisfactory HL levels. Those with healthy lifestyles scored higher on HL, and higher HL levels were associated with better subjective health. Educational intervention programs for college students should be established to improve their HL levels.
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Daichi Sumi, Haruna Nagatsuka, Kaori Matsuo, Kazunobu Okazaki, Kazushige Goto
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Sport Sciences
Hisayo Yokoyama, Miwako Deguchi, Nobuko Hongu, Hitoshi Watanabe, Akira Ogita, Daiki Imai, Yuta Suzuki, Kazunobu Okazaki
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tadayoshi Miyamoto, Go Ito
Meeting Abstract
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daiki Imai, Ryosuke Takeda, Eriko Kawai, Kosuke Saho, Akemi Ota, Emiko Morita, Yuta Suzuki, Hisayo Yokoyama, Kazunobu Okazaki