Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Catherine P. Bondonno, Frederik Dalgaard, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Kevin Murray, Joshua R. Lewis, Kevin D. Croft, Cecilie Kyro, Christian Torp-Pedersen, Gunnar Gislason, Anne Tjonneland, Kim Overvad, Nicola P. Bondonno, Jonathan M. Hodgson
Summary: Moderate intake of vegetable nitrate is associated with lower blood pressure and reduced risk of cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemic heart disease, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and peripheral artery disease. A intake of approximately 60 mg/day of vegetable nitrate may help mitigate the risk of cardiovascular diseases.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alastair John Stewart Webb, Karolina A. A. Wartolowska, Linxin Li, Sara Mazzucco, Peter M. M. Rothwell
Summary: Arterial stiffness, cerebral pulsatility, and beat-to-beat blood pressure variability play a role in mediating the relationship between hypertension and stroke. This study aimed to investigate the differences in these intermediate cardiovascular phenotypes between stroke patients with different etiologies. The findings suggest that the associations between age, arterial stiffness, and cerebral pulsatility are stronger in patients with small vessel stroke, particularly those under the age of 65.
CEREBROVASCULAR DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Faisal Altemani, Helen L. Barrett, Leonie K. Callaway, H. David McIntyre, Marloes Dekker Nitert
Summary: The abundance of nitrate-reducing bacteria in the oral microbiota is reduced in women who develop preeclampsia, indicating a potential pathway for prevention.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Amelie Paquin, Ana Werlang, Thais Coutinho
Summary: This study evaluates the impact of persistent hypertension on arterial health in women after preeclampsia. The findings suggest that women with persistent hypertension after preeclampsia may have a higher cardiovascular risk and may benefit from targeted prevention strategies.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HYPERTENSION
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Giacomo Pucci, Marco D'abbondanza, Rosa Curcio, Riccardo Alcidi, Tommaso Campanella, Lorenzo Chiatti, Alessio Arrivi, Valeria Bisogni, Vito Veca, Gaetano Vaudo
Summary: The prognostic significance of isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) in young individuals is still debated, and the role of central blood pressure (cBP) may provide some answers. Currently, there is no standardized non-invasive device for assessing cBP, so further research is needed to evaluate the cardiovascular risk and predictive value associated with elevated cBP in young subjects with ISH.
Article
Cell Biology
Jie Xu, Hongyan Yang, Lu Yang, Zhen Wang, Xinghua Qin, Jiaheng Zhou, Ling Dong, Jia Li, Minsheng Zhu, Xing Zhang, Feng Gao
Summary: The study demonstrates that acute glucose challenge induces vascular smooth muscle contraction through mitochondrial hyperpolarization-inactivated myosin phosphatase, representing a novel mechanism for vascular constriction and circulating metabolite clearance. Myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 plays a key role in mediating the activity of myosin phosphatase regulated by mitochondrial membrane potential.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yingrui Zhang, Haoyang Zhang, Wei An, Dan Li, Lizheng Qin
Summary: This study examined the preventive and therapeutic effects of inorganic nitrate on hypertension through literature analysis and meta-analysis. The results showed that inorganic nitrate can mildly lower systolic blood pressure in healthy individuals but does not have a lowering effect on blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Further research is needed to obtain more definitive data and establish the link between inorganic nitrate and blood pressure.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alastair J. S. Webb, David J. Werring
Summary: Despite advances in stroke management, hypertension remains a major risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Blood pressure control is important, but doesn't fully prevent vascular cognitive impairment. The relationship between hypertension and cerebral blood flow control is not well understood. Increased blood pressure variability and changes in arterial stiffness may contribute to the risk of stroke. Targeting cerebral pulsatility and vascular reactivity in early clinical trials shows promise. The role of cerebral autoregulation as a modifiable risk factor is still uncertain. Understanding the pathophysiology of hypertension-related cerebrovascular disease may help prevent chronic cerebrovascular disease, acute events, and vascular cognitive impairment.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Ryan J. Pewowaruk, Claudia Korcarz, Yacob Tedla, Gregory Burke, Philip Greenland, Colin Wu, Adam D. Gepner
Summary: By analyzing the data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, it was found that load-dependent stiffness was significantly associated with the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, while structural stiffness was not.
Article
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Xue Tian, Yingting Zuo, Shuohua Chen, Yijun Zhang, Xiaoli Zhang, Qin Xu, Shouling Wu, Anxin Wang
Summary: This study investigated the association between different blood pressure and arterial stiffness status with diabetes. The results showed that both hypertension and arterial stiffness were associated with diabetes. Additionally, arterial stiffness had a better predictive ability for diabetes than hypertension.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Nathan S. Bryan
Summary: Hypertension is a global health crisis, and the loss of nitric oxide production is the primary contributor to its development. Strategies aimed at preventing the loss of nitric oxide production and restoring nitric oxide production have a significant impact on improving patients' health and controlling blood pressure.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Monica Volino-Souza, Gustavo Vieira de Oliveira, Carlos Adam Conte-Junior, Arturo Figueroa, Thiago Silveira Alvares
Summary: L-arginine is crucial for nitric oxide synthesis and supplementation with its precursor L-citrulline, found in watermelon, can improve vascular function. However, there are differing findings on the effect of watermelon supplementation, possibly due to varying L-citrulline doses. Food technology can be applied to concentrate L-citrulline content and reduce volume for convenient ingestion. Watermelon-derived L-citrulline appears to be an effective supplementation for improving vascular health.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Beatrice Romier, Cedric Dray, Laetitia Vanalderwiert, Amandine Wahart, Thinhinane Hocine, Alizee Dortignac, Christian Garbar, Corinne Garbar, Camille Boulagnon, Nicole Bouland, Pascal Maurice, Amar Bennasroune, Herve Sartelet, Laurent Martiny, Laurent Duca, Philippe Valet, Sebastien Blaise
Summary: Recent studies have shown that apelin deficiency in mice leads to vascular stiffening and wall remodeling. The absence of apelin expression results in inflammation of adipose tissue and ECM remodeling, affecting vascular homeostasis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Tanja Dragun, Courtney V. Brown, Mikko P. Tulppo, Ante Obad, Zeljko Dujic
Summary: Studies have shown that cannabidiol may reduce blood pressure and arterial stiffness in normotensive individuals, but its effects on those with untreated hypertension are still unclear. This study aimed to investigate the influence of cannabidiol on 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure and arterial stiffness in hypertensive individuals. The results demonstrated that oral cannabidiol significantly lowered arterial stiffness, systolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure over 24 hours compared to placebo. However, further research is needed to determine the clinical implications and long-term safety of cannabidiol in treating hypertension.
ADVANCES IN THERAPY
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Megan A. Opichka, Matthew W. Rappelt, David D. Gutterman, Justin L. Grobe, Jennifer J. McIntosh
Summary: Preeclampsia is a life-threatening cardiovascular disorder associated with pregnancy, potentially caused by dysfunction in maternal and placental blood vessels and other factors. Current gaps in knowledge include detailed understanding of its underlying causes and effective treatment options.
Review
Food Science & Technology
Caroline R. Hill, Armaghan Shafaei, Lois Balmer, Joshua R. Lewis, Jonathan M. Hodgson, A. Harvey Millar, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst
Summary: Sulfur is an essential element for plant and human health, and its incorporation into the food chain relies heavily on plant uptake. The dietary requirements for sulfur are based on the synthesis of proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, vitamins, and hormones. While sulfur-containing amino acids are abundant in animal sources, the variety and quantity of sulfur-containing compounds in plants also have wide-ranging effects on human health. The role of sulfur in redox biochemistry protects against oxidative stress and inflammation, which is consistent with cardiometabolic dysfunction and many chronic metabolic diseases.
CRITICAL REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND NUTRITION
(2023)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Reindolf Anokye, Ben Jackson, James Dimmock, Joanne M. Dickson, Lauren C. Blekkenhorst, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Joshua R. Lewis, Mandy Stanley
Summary: This article aims to investigate the psychological distress and changes in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) following cardiovascular risk assessment and communication of results to asymptomatic adults. Through a review of relevant studies, the findings on these aspects are found to be mixed.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Jun Yang, Stella May Gwini, Lawrence J. Beilin, Markus Schlaich, Michael Stowasser, Morag J. Young, Peter J. Fuller, Trevor A. Mori
Summary: Oral contraception can increase the aldosterone to renin ratio, leading to false positive results in the screening for primary aldosteronism. Until more reliable criteria for primary aldosteronism screening in oral contraception users are established, alternative contraception methods should be considered.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jessie S. Clark, Kathryn A. Dyer, Courtney R. Davis, Nitin Shivappa, James R. Hebert, Richard Woodman, Jonathan M. Hodgson, Karen J. Murphy
Summary: Increasing evidence supports the association between a higher dietary inflammatory index (DII) score and inflammation, cardiovascular disease risk, events, and mortality. This randomized trial found that switching to a Mediterranean diet resulted in a significant reduction in the DII score in older Australian adults.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Rajiv Ananthakrishna, Benita P. Rajvi, Diana E. Hancock, Feruza Kholmurodova, Richard J. Woodman, Sanjana Patil, Matthew Horsfall, Derek P. Chew, Noor Darinah Mohd Daril, Joseph B. Selvanayagam
Summary: Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has a potential role in the evaluation of symptomatic patients with stable troponin elevation. This study aimed to determine the diagnostic value of CMR in this unique cohort and assess the long-term clinical outcomes. CMR was able to identify the cause for stable troponin elevation in 71% of patients and changed the referral diagnosis in 26% of patients. The utilization of CMR improved the net reclassification of patients with stable troponin elevation.
EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Lei Liu, Ying Liu, Xin Zhang, Yu Lai Yuan, Zhi Hong Chen, Alan Chen-Yu Hsu, Brian G. Oliver, Min Xie, Ling Qin, Wei Min Li, Dan Liu, Gang Wang, Lisa G. Wood
Summary: This study investigated the relationships between dyslipidemia, asthma phenotypes, and future asthma exacerbations. The results showed that dyslipidemia was associated with airway obstruction, asthma phenotypes, and asthma exacerbations.
JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sultana Monira Hussain, Peter R. R. Ebeling, Anna L. L. Barker, Lawrence J. J. Beilin, Andrew M. M. Tonkin, John J. J. McNeil
Summary: This study examines the association between higher levels of HDL-C and increased fracture risk in healthy older adults. The results show that each 1-SD increment in HDL-C level is associated with a 14% higher risk of fractures, independent of common risk factors. The findings suggest that HDL-C may play a role in bone health and fracture risk.
Article
Substance Abuse
Reece De Zylva, Elissa Mortimer, Emma Miller, George Tsourtos, Sharon Lawn, Carlene Wilson, Jonathan Karnon, Richard Woodman, Paul Ward
Summary: The study aims to test the effectiveness of online mindfulness-based interventions and peer support in promoting smoking cessation and resilience among low socioeconomic status smokers. It is a 12-month randomized controlled trial with four intervention groups and includes various outcome measures such as smoking abstinence, resilience, social support, quality of life, self-efficacy, motivation to quit, nicotine dependence, equanimity, stress, and goal attainment. This study is crucial for addressing the health issues of low socioeconomic status smokers.
ADDICTION SCIENCE & CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Education & Educational Research
Margaret Miller, Donna Barwood, Amanda Devine, Julie Boston, Sandra Smith, Martin Masek
Summary: This study explores the use of food systems as an alternative pedagogical approach for nutrition education, and finds that cross-curricular education through a food systems lens can engage adolescents in nutrition education.
JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Prudence R. Carr, Katherine L. Webb, Johannes T. Neumann, Le T. P. Thao, Lawrence J. Beilin, Michael E. Ernst, Bernadette Fitzgibbon, Danijela Gasevic, Mark R. Nelson, Anne B. Newman, Suzanne G. Orchard, Alice Owen, Christopher M. Reid, Nigel P. Stocks, Andrew M. Tonkin, Robyn L. Woods, John J. McNeil
Summary: Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are recognized risk factors for several chronic diseases and all-cause mortality in the general population. However, this study found that the associations between BMI, waist circumference and mortality risk are different in older men and women. For men, being overweight was associated with a lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, while being underweight was associated with a higher risk. For women, the lowest BMI was associated with the highest risk of all-cause mortality. Waist circumference had little association with mortality risk.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sophia Zoungas, Andrea Curtis, Simone Spark, Rory Wolfe, John J. McNeil, Lawrence Beilin, Trevor T-J Chong, Geoffrey Cloud, Ingrid Hopper, Alissia Kost, Mark Nelson, Stephen J. Nicholls, Christopher M. Reid, Joanne Ryan, Andrew Tonkin, Stephanie A. Ward, Anthony Wierzbicki
Summary: This paper presents the protocol for the STAtins in Reducing Events in the Elderly (STAREE) trial, which aims to study the effects of statins in community dwelling older people without CVD, diabetes or dementia. The trial will be a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial with people aged 70 and over. The main endpoints are disability-free survival and major cardiovascular events, while secondary endpoints include all-cause death, dementia, physical disability, and quality of life. The results of this trial will provide valuable information about the preventive effects of statins in older populations.
Review
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Rebecca Voisin, Pierre Horwitz, Stephanie Godrich, Ros Sambell, Katherine Cullerton, Amanda Devine
Summary: This scoping review explores the concept of no-to-low external input in regenerative agriculture by examining peer-reviewed and gray literature. The study identifies organic amendment inputs and regenerative land management processes that can help reduce external inputs and promote biology and nutrient cycling at different scales. Regenerative agriculture overlaps with other farming practices such as agroecology and conservation agriculture.
AGROECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Shauna Madigan, Yasmina Tashkent, Sharad Trehan, Kate Muller, Alan Wigg, Richard Woodman, Jeyamani Ramachandran
Summary: Acute on chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a common clinical syndrome in patients with acute decompensation (AD) of cirrhosis, characterized by organ failures and high mortality. Liver transplantation (LT) is an important treatment to improve survival, but alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a barrier to LT assessment.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
M. Sim, C. Smith, N. P. Bondonno, S. Radavelli-Bagatini, L. C. Blekkenhorst, J. Dalla Via, R. McCormick, K. Zhu, J. M. Hodgson, R. L. Prince, J. R. Lewis
Summary: This study suggests that a higher intake of Vitamin K1 is associated with better muscle function and lower risk of injurious falls in older women. However, Vitamin K2 intake does not show the same associations. Therefore, it is important to promote the consumption of Vitamin K1-rich foods, such as green leafy vegetables, for musculoskeletal health in older women.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION HEALTH & AGING
(2023)