Biographical-Item
Chemistry, Physical
Andrea Sella, Alexandra Navrotsky
Summary: This article introduces a pioneer of polyamorphism and an enthusiast for the solid state.
Biographical-Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jos Lelieveld
Summary: Ozone, a Nobel Prize winner, coined the term "Anthropocene".
Article
Clinical Neurology
Thomas Boraud, Stephanie J. Forkel
Summary: The University of Bordeaux's decision to name its new neuroscience building after Paul Broca has sparked a debate due to Broca's endorsement of physiological anthropology. Thomas Boraud and Stephanie Forkel discuss the implications of this debate for neurology today.
Biographical-Item
Ecology
Robert Foley
Summary: The archaeologist emphasized the importance of chronology in understanding the Paleolithic era in Europe and laid the foundation for the archaeology of modern human origins.
NATURE ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Clemens Matthiesen, Qian Yu, Jinen Guo, Alberto M. Alonso, Hartmut Haffner
Summary: In this study, trapping of electrons in a millimeter-sized quadrupole Paul trap driven at 1.6 GHz in a room-temperature ultrahigh vacuum setup was demonstrated. Cold electrons were introduced into the trap by ionization of atomic calcium via Rydberg states and were confined by microwave and static electric fields for several tens of milliseconds. Some electrons remained trapped longer, showing no measurable loss for measurement times up to a second. Operating a similar electron Paul trap in a cryogenic environment may offer a platform for all-electric quantum computing with trapped electron spin qubits.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Marissa D'Onofrio, Yuanheng Xie, A. J. Rasmusson, Evangeline Wolanski, Jiafeng Cui, Philip Richerme
Summary: Researchers experimentally studied two-dimensional (2D) Coulomb crystals in the radial-2D phase of a linear Paul trap, finding that the structural phase boundaries of such crystals can be well described by the pseudopotential approximation and the micromotion-induced heating is confined to the radial plane. They also verified that the transverse motional modes remain decoupled and cold in this geometric configuration, confirming the radial-2D ion crystals as a robust experimental platform for various theoretical proposals in quantum simulation and computation.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Biographical-Item
Mechanics
Stephen H. Davis
Summary: Paul Steen, a valuable colleague and friend, is deeply missed by all.
JOURNAL OF FLUID MECHANICS
(2021)
Article
Urban Studies
Matthew McCartney
Summary: This paper explores the innovative idea of charter cities proposed by Nobel Prize-winning economist Paul Romer, and tests the feasibility of this concept through two innovative case studies.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ying-Xiang Wang, Sheng-Chen Liu, Lin Cheng, Liang-You Peng
Summary: This study investigates the motion of ions in a Paul trap using analytical and numerical methods. The effects of white noise, colored noise through the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process, and the Wiener process on ion dynamics are examined.
JOURNAL OF PHYSICS A-MATHEMATICAL AND THEORETICAL
(2023)
Article
Optics
Liudmila A. Zhukas, Maverick J. Millican, Peter Svihra, Andrei Nomerotski, Boris B. Blinov
Summary: In this study, direct observation of micromotion for multiple ions in a laser-cooled trapped ion crystal was discussed using a time-resolving, single-photon-sensitive camera. The technique allows for measurement of micromotion amplitude and phase for each ion in the crystal, making it sensitive to tilts and shifts of the ion chain. This micromotion detection method is suitable for complex ion configurations and does not require additional equipment or laser beams.
Article
Optics
Tomasz Linowski, Konrad Schlichtholz, Lukasz Rudnicki
Summary: The problem of defining a Hermitian quantum phase operator has existed for a long time in the field of quantum mechanics. Various solutions, including abstract operator formalisms and phase-space methods, have been proposed. This study establishes a direct connection between the Paul and Pegg-Barnett formalisms by demonstrating that the probability distribution of phase in the Paul framework can be derived from the latter in combination with the quantum-limited amplifier channel. Our findings suggest that the Paul framework can be considered as a semiclassical limit of the Pegg-Barnett approach.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jean-David Rochaix
Summary: This article presents a personal reminiscence of Paul Levine, a highly innovative scientist who made seminal contributions to photosynthesis. He established the green unicellular alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a model system for studying photosynthetic apparatus and its regulation through genetic approaches. His groundbreaking work on identifying the components and their genetic origins in the photosynthetic electron transport chain had a significant impact. He also trained many students and post-doctoral fellows who became prominent figures in this field and other areas of plant science.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Social
Ian J. Davidson
Summary: This article delves into the stark differences between Paul Meehl and Hans Eysenck on the value of psychoanalysis and race science, while highlighting their shared vision of scientific psychology and political values. By examining the politics and ethics of research, it is suggested that improving methodology in human science involves understanding these aspects.
SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS
(2021)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
William Cody Burton, Brian Estey, Ian M. Hoffman, Abigail R. Perry, Curtis Volin, Gabriel Price
Summary: We demonstrate the transport of a multispecies ion crystal through a junction in a rf Paul trap for the first time. The trap is a two-dimensional surface-electrode trap with an X junction and segmented control electrodes. The motional excitation of the transported ions is characterized by multiple round-trips through the junction without cooling.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
T. F. Zhang, J. Q. Gan, A. B. Yu, D. Pinson, Z. Y. Zhou
Summary: This study investigated the effects of filling positions and filling angles on size segregation during PW hopper charging and discharging processes. Results showed a correlation between filling position and segregation near side walls, while steep filling angles significantly altered particle trajectories leading to segregation. Increasing flow rate decreased segregation during discharge.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Henning Finkenzeller, Siddharth Iyer, Xu-Cheng He, Mario Simon, Theodore K. Koenig, Christopher F. Lee, Rashid Valiev, Victoria Hofbauer, Antonio Amorim, Rima Baalbaki, Andrea Baccarini, Lisa Beck, David M. Bell, Lucia Caudillo, Dexian Chen, Randall Chiu, Biwu Chu, Lubna Dada, Jonathan Duplissy, Martin Heinritzi, Deniz Kemppainen, Changhyuk Kim, Jordan Krechmer, Andreas Kurten, Alexandr Kvashnin, Houssni Lamkaddam, Chuan Ping Lee, Katrianne Lehtipalo, Zijun Li, Vladimir Makhmutov, Hanna E. Manninen, Guillaume Marie, Ruby Marten, Roy L. Mauldin, Bernhard Mentler, Tatjana Muller, Tuukka Petaja, Maxim Philippov, Ananth Ranjithkumar, Birte Rorup, Jiali Shen, Dominik Stolzenburg, Christian Tauber, Yee Jun Tham, Antonio Tome, Miguel Vazquez-Pufleau, Andrea C. Wagner, Dongyu S. Wang, Mingyi Wang, Yonghong Wang, Stefan K. Weber, Wei Nie, Yusheng Wu, Mao Xiao, Qing Ye, Marcel Zauner-Wieczorek, Armin Hansel, Urs Baltensperger, Jerome Brioude, Joachim Curtius, Neil M. Donahue, Imad El Haddad, Richard C. Flagan, Markku Kulmala, Jasper Kirkby, Mikko Sipila, Douglas R. Worsnop, Theo Kurten, Matti Rissanen, Rainer Volkamer
Summary: Iodine is an active trace element in atmospheric chemistry that can destroy ozone and form particles. Its emissions have increased threefold since 1950 and are expected to continue rising. In laboratory experiments, iodooxy hypoiodite (IOIO) was shown to efficiently convert into iodic acid (HIO3) via reactions IOIO + O-3 -> IOIO4 and IOIO4 + H2O -> HIO3 + HOI + O-(1)(2). This laboratory-derived mechanism explains field observations of daytime HIO3 in the remote lower free troposphere and suggests a catalytic role of iodine in aerosol formation.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zhe Peng, Shelly L. Miller, Jose L. Jimenez
Summary: Air disinfection using germicidal ultraviolet light (GUV) has gained attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the impact of GUV on indoor-air-quality by modeling the chemistry initiated by GUV in a typical indoor setting. The analysis shows that GUV can photolyze ozone (O3) and generate hydroxyl radicals (OH) that oxidize indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into more oxidized VOCs. GUV also leads to the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA).
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Carsten Warneke, Joshua P. Schwarz, Jack Dibb, Olga Kalashnikova, Gregory Frost, Jassim Al-Saad, Steven S. Brown, Wm Alan Brewer, Amber Soja, Felix C. Seidel, Rebecca A. Washenfelder, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Richard H. Moore, Bruce E. Anderson, Carolyn Jordan, Tara Yacovitch, Scott C. Herndon, Shang Liu, Toshihiro Kuwayama, Daniel Jaffe, Nancy Johnston, Vanessa Selimovic, Robert Yokelson, David M. Giles, Brent N. Holben, Philippe Goloub, Ioana Popovici, Michael Trainer, Aditya Kumar, R. Bradley Pierce, David Fahey, James Roberts, Emily M. Gargulinski, David A. Peterson, Xinxin Ye, Laura H. Thapa, Pablo E. Saide, Charles H. Fite, Christopher D. Holmes, Siyuan Wang, Matthew M. Coggon, Zachary C. J. Decker, Chelsea E. Stockwell, Lu Xu, Georgios Gkatzelis, Kenneth Aikin, Barry Lefer, Jackson Kaspari, Debora Griffin, Linghan Zeng, Rodney Weber, Meredith Hastings, Jiajue Chai, Glenn M. Wolfe, Thomas F. Hanisco, Jin Liao, Pedro Campuzano Jost, Hongyu Guo, Jose L. Jimenez, James Crawford
Summary: The NOAA/NASA Fire Influence on Regional to Global Environments and Air Quality (FIREX-AQ) experiment aimed to study the impact of fires on regional and global environments and air quality. The experiment measured trace gas and aerosol emissions, observed fire dynamics, assessed fire modeling, and examined connections to ground and satellite observables. The experiment involved aircraft, satellites, mobile laboratories, and ground sites.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Benjamin A. Nault, Philip Croteau, John Jayne, Anandi Williams, Leah Williams, Douglas Worsnop, Erin F. Katz, Peter F. DeCarlo, Manjula Canagaratna
Summary: The mass concentrations of OA measured by AMS and ACSM depend on RIEOA, which varies for different classes of OA and instruments. The increase in RIEOA for lower oxidation state OA is different between AMS and ACSMs. The f(Sm/z50) can be used as a metric to determine the contribution of primary-like OA to total OA.
AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Olivia J. Jenks, Marla P. DeVault, Anna C. Ziola, Melissa A. Morris, Melinda K. Schueneman, Harald Stark, Jose L. Jimenez, Paul J. Ziemann, Joost A. de Gouw
Summary: Organic aerosols have various impacts on climate, visibility, and human health. This study investigates the oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds by NO3 radicals to form secondary organic aerosols. The analysis of the first-generation gas-phase products of this reaction provides insights into the sources of organic nitrate in the atmosphere. The results can aid in the interpretation of field data and improve the representation of this chemistry in models.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Tran B. Nguyen, Kelvin H. Bates, Reina S. Buenconsejo, Sophia M. Charan, Eric E. Cavanna, David R. Cocker III, Douglas A. Day, Marla P. DeVault, Neil M. Donahue, Zachary Finewax, Luke F. Habib, Anne V. Handschy, Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz, Chung-Yi S. Hou, Jose L. Jimenez, Taekyu Joo, Alexandra L. Klodt, Weimeng Kong, Chen Le, Catherine G. Masoud, Matthew S. Mayernik, Nga L. Ng, Eric J. Nienhouse, Sergey A. Nizkorodov, John J. Orlando, Jeroen J. Post, Patrick O. Sturm, Bridget L. Thrasher, Geoffrey S. Tyndall, John H. Seinfeld, Steven J. Worley, Xuan Zhang, Paul J. Ziemann
Summary: ICARUS is an open access infrastructure for storing, sharing, discovering, and utilizing atmospheric chamber data. It supports the evaluation and revision of atmospheric model mechanisms, intercomparison of data and models, and the development of new model frameworks.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Duseong S. Jo, Benjamin A. Nault, Simone Tilmes, Andrew Gettelman, Christina S. Mccluskey, Alma Hodzic, Daven K. Henze, Muhammad Omar Nawaz, Ka Ming Fung, Jose L. Jimenez
Summary: This study quantifies the health and climate effects of organic aerosols (OA) from anthropogenic, biomass burning, and biogenic sources. The findings show that anthropogenic primary OA (POA) has the highest efficiency for health effects but the lowest for direct radiative effects. Biogenic OA exhibits moderate efficiency for health effects and the highest for direct radiative effects, while biomass burning OA plays a significant role in cloud radiative effect changes in remote atmospheres.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Demetrios Pagonis, Vanessa Selimovic, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Hongyu Guo, Douglas A. Day, Melinda K. Schueneman, Benjamin A. Nault, Matthew M. Coggon, Joshua P. DiGangi, Glenn S. Diskin, Edward C. Fortner, Emily M. Gargulinski, Georgios I. Gkatzelis, Johnathan W. Hair, Scott C. Herndon, Christopher D. Holmes, Joseph M. Katich, John B. Nowak, Anne E. Perring, Pablo Saide, Taylor J. Shingler, Amber J. Soja, Laura H. Thapa, Carsten Warneke, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Armin Wisthaler, Tara I. Yacovitch, Robert J. Yokelson, Jose L. Jimenez
Summary: Biomass burning particulate matter (BBPM) has significant impacts on air quality and climate, and this impact is expected to increase in the future. Studies have shown that the concentration of BBPM from North American fires is dependent on altitude, with airborne and high-altitude measurements showing a doubling of BBPM compared to ground-based measurements. The volatility of BBPM partially explains the observed differences in concentration across platforms.
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kevin J. Nihill, Matthew M. Coggon, Christopher Y. Lim, Abigail R. Koss, Bin Yuan, Jordan E. Krechmer, Kanako Sekimoto, Jose L. Jimenez, Joost de Gouw, Christopher D. Cappa, Colette L. Heald, Carsten Warneke, Jesse H. Kroll
Summary: Biomass burning is a significant source of reactive organic carbon in the atmosphere. Experiments conducted as part of the FIREX FireLab campaign reveal that the atmospheric oxidation of organic carbon from biomass burning leads to the formation of smaller and more oxidized species. The oxidative evolution of biomass burning emissions appears to be independent of fuel type, resulting in a common aged distribution of gas-phase compounds consisting of small volatile oxygenates and various minor oxidized species and secondary organic aerosols.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Haihui Zhu, Randall V. Martin, Betty Croft, Shixian Zhai, Chi Li, Liam Bindle, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Rachel Y. -W. Chang, Bruce E. Anderson, Luke D. Ziemba, Johnathan W. Hair, Richard A. Ferrare, Chris A. Hostetler, Inderjeet Singh, Deepangsu Chatterjee, Jose L. Jimenez, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Jack E. Dibb, Joshua S. Schwarz, Andrew Weinheimer
Summary: This study uses a global chemical transport model to analyze airborne measurements from the United States and South Korea, and proposes a parameterization method for representing aerosol size. This method improves the agreement between the simulation model and ground-measured data.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Laura Tomsche, Felix Piel, Tomas Mikoviny, Claus J. Nielsen, Hongyu Guo, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Benjamin A. Nault, Melinda K. Schueneman, Jose L. Jimenez, Hannah Halliday, Glenn Diskin, Joshua P. DiGangi, John B. Nowak, Elizabeth B. Wiggins, Emily Gargulinski, Amber J. Soja, Armin Wisthaler
Summary: During the 2019 FIREX-AQ study, the NASA DC-8 conducted in situ chemical measurements on smoke plumes from wildfires and agricultural fires in the United States. The study found high levels of ammonia and particulate ammonium in the smoke plumes, with variations depending on the type of fire and region.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Viral Shah, Daniel J. Jacob, Ruijun Dang, Lok N. Lamsal, Sarah A. Strode, Stephen D. Steenrod, K. Folkert Boersma, Sebastian D. Eastham, Thibaud M. Fritz, Chelsea Thompson, Jeff Peischl, Ilann Bourgeois, Ilana B. Pollack, Benjamin A. Nault, Ronald C. Cohen, Pedro Campuzano-Jost, Jose L. Jimenez, Simone T. Andersen, Lucy J. Carpenter, Tomas Sherwen, Mat J. Evans
Summary: Satellite-based retrievals of tropospheric NO2 columns are widely used to infer NOx emissions. These retrievals rely on model information for the vertical distribution of NO2. Free tropospheric background above 2 km is important for these retrievals and has a significant impact on tropospheric OH and ozone concentrations.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2023)