Article
Energy & Fuels
Swathi Bhat, Venu Babu Borugadda, Ajay K. Dalai
Summary: The study discussed the potential of preparing emulsions by mixing bio-crude and light cycle oil as fuel for diesel engines, investigated the appropriate parameters for emulsification, and obtained improved physicochemical properties compared to using bio-crude alone. The properties of the emulsion were found to closely match ASTM D 6751-09 biodiesel specifications.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Bruno C. Magalhaes, Ruben Checa, Chantal Lorentz, Mathieu Prevot, Pavel Afanasiev, Dorothee Laurenti, Christophe Geantet
Summary: Global energy demand and environmental concerns have led to a growing emphasis on fuel production from renewable resources. Microalgae offer an attractive alternative carbon source. This study investigated the hydroconversion of bio-oil derived from hydrothermal liquefaction of microalgae using supported catalysts. NiW sulfide catalysts proved to be the most efficient, producing a hydrotreated oil with superior properties. The results suggest that different catalysts promote different reaction pathways, contributing to the conversion of refractory compounds.
Article
Thermodynamics
Roya Hamidi, Lingyu Tai, Laura Paglia, Marco Scarsella, Martina Damizia, Paolo De Filippis, Sogand Musivand, Benedetta de Caprariis
Summary: In this study, a low-cost catalyst and heterogeneous hydrogen producer were used for the upgrading of bio-crude. The synthesized Y zeolite showed better performance due to the introduction of TMAOH template. The upgraded oil yield increased and the coke amount reduced, leading to a higher heating value. Hydrogenation products were produced in higher amounts, consuming furan derivatives and lignin-derived compounds. Additionally, a one-pot catalytic hydrothermal treatment method was conducted, combining the bio-crude production and upgrading steps together.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Chitra Devi Venkatachalam, Sarath Sekar, Sathish Raam Ravichandran, Mothil Sengottian, Karthikeyan Chinnusamy Sukumar, Dhinakar Chenniappan, Gnana Aravindh Ramachandran
Summary: The increasing global demand for cleaner energy has shifted focus towards renewable energy sources such as biomass, solar, and wind, instead of fossil fuels. Among the various bioenergy conversion processes, hydrothermal liquefaction has gained significant attention due to its availability and ease of use throughout the year. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the hydrothermal liquefaction of algal biomass, focusing specifically on the use of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysts to improve bio-crude yield. The review also discusses the impact of process parameters and provides insights into the reaction pathway for algal biomass. Furthermore, it evaluates the effects of different catalysts on product formation and briefly touches upon the applications of the obtained products.
ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Bruno da Costa Magalha, Ruben Checa, Chantal Lorentz, Pavel Afanasiev, Dorothee Laurenti, Christophe Geantet
Summary: In this study, Chlorella sorokiniana microalgae was converted into bio-oil by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) at 300°C and 10 MPa. The bio-oil was then upgraded using a sulfided NiW/Al2O3 catalyst at three different temperatures. It was found that the HTL reaction converted the lipids in the biomass into fatty acids, which were further converted into n-alkanes during the upgrading stage. The upgraded bio-oil showed a higher heating value and lower molar mass, with the removal of oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur compounds.
ALGAL RESEARCH-BIOMASS BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Bulutcem Ocal, Asli Yuksel
Summary: The rapidly increasing global energy demand has led to the need for finding green, renewable, and sustainable alternative sources of energy. Bio-oil, derived from biomasses via liquefaction, is a promising candidate to replace fossil fuels. In this study, the thermal liquefaction of oak wood particles was carried out using different solvents, and the results showed that 1,4-dioxane yielded the highest bio-oil production.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Shengfei Dong, Xinghua Huang, Xiaoyi Yang
Summary: This paper investigates the effect of different conditions on microalgae bio-crude enhancement, and finds that under specific conditions, using ethanol-water co-solvent or methanol/ethanol-water co-solvent as the medium can achieve high recovery rates of carbon, hydrogen, and energy, as well as high content of fatty acids and fatty acid esters. The nitrogen content of bio-crude obtained by the two-step method is lower, and ethanol-water co-solvent as the liquid phase medium performs well in terms of the content of cholesterol and vitamin E as bioactive substances.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Senthil Nagappan, Rahul R. Bhosale, Dinh Duc Nguyen, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Chang Soon Woong, Gopalakrishnan Kumar
Summary: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an effective method for converting biomass into biofuel, but the yield and quality of bio-oil are not sufficient for commercialization under normal conditions, highlighting the need to select appropriate catalysts. Catalytic HTL faces barriers that need to be overcome, including catalyst selection and impact on other products.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Yamin Hu, Wenjue Zhang, Jiawei Yan, Chuan Yuan, Bin Cao, Jun Ni, Lili Qian, Qian Wang, Shuang Wang
Summary: The co-hydrothermal liquefaction of macroalgae and microalgae with metal catalysts was investigated. The catalysts reduced the bio-oil production but improved its quality. Ni/MCM-41 showed high performance in hydrodeoxygenation and upgrading of bio-oil, while Mo/MCM-41 increased hydrocarbon content and reduced acid products in bio-oil. W/MCM-41 had a significant effect on increasing ester compounds and reducing N-containing compounds in bio-oil.
JOURNAL OF THE ENERGY INSTITUTE
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Nishesh Sharma, Krishna Kumar Jaiswal, Vinod Kumar, Mikhail S. Vlaskin, Manisha Nanda, Indra Rautela, Mahipal Singh Tomar, Waseem Ahmad
Summary: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is considered an effective technology for biooil production, with algae biomass being recognized as one of the most suitable feedstocks. The choice of temperature, retention time, and catalyst significantly affect the efficiency of HTL products, with a temperature range around 280 +/- 40 degrees C being reported as the most suitable for maximum bio-oil yield. Both homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have been used to improve bio-oil generation, with heterogeneous catalysts preferred for their advantages such as improved bio-oil yield, easy recovery, and eco-friendly approach.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Elamathi Vimali, Sathaiah Gunaseelan, Venkatachalam Chitra Devi, Sengottian Mothil, Muthu Arumugam, Balasubramaniem Ashokkumar, Innasi Muthu Ganesh Moorthy, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, Perumal Varalakshmi
Summary: This study explores the use of marine brown macroalga as a sustainable feedstock for the production of biofuels and other bioproducts. The researchers successfully extracted lipids and algal oil from the macroalgae and produced biodiesel through transesterification using TiO2 as a catalyst. The study also examined the quality parameters of the biofuels, which met international fuel standards.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Reem Obeid, Neil Smith, David M. Lewis, Tony Hall, Philip van Eyk
Summary: Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a developing technology aiming to produce renewable crude oil through sub-critical conditions in water using various biomass feedstocks. Different feedstocks and reaction conditions lead to different product fractions, with organic and inorganic components playing a significant role in product distribution. Research indicates that temperature and reaction time greatly influence product distribution in HTL, with highest crude yield typically obtained from algae.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Reza Moazezi, Hengameh Bayat, Omid Tavakoli, Ahmad Hallajisani
Summary: This study focuses on optimizing the yield and performance of bio-oil from hydrothermal liquefaction of Chlorella vulgaris, a type of microalgae. By manipulating reaction conditions, using catalysts, and employing thermodynamic modeling, the researchers successfully improved the bio-oil production process.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Songqi Leng, Huiting Jiao, Tonggui Liu, Wei Pan, Jiefeng Chen, Jie Chen, Huajun Huang, Haoyi Peng, Zhibin Wu, Lijian Leng, Wenguang Zhou
Summary: Co-liquefaction combined with hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) aqueous phase (AP) recirculation can improve the practicality of the HTL process. It was found that different compounds were formed during the co-liquefaction and recirculation, which led to changes in the yield and chemical properties of the bio-crude and hydrochar.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Gilles Robertson, Kusuma Virginna Adiningtyas, Sayed Ahmed Ebrahim, Ludmila Scoles, Elena A. Baranova, Devinder Singh
Summary: Structural and thermal analysis showed that petroleum-derived asphaltenes have a higher aromatic ring content and molecular weight compared to bio-asphaltenes derived from food-waste and wood residues. The carbon residue and glass transition temperature also differed significantly between petroleum and bio-asphaltenes, indicating distinct properties between the two types.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jonas Ruby Sandemann, Thomas Bjorn Egede Gronbech, Kristoffer Andreas Holm Stockler, Feng Ye, Bryan C. Chakoumakos, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: ZnFe2O4 exhibits spin-glass transition and has dominant ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic correlations. The 3D-m Delta PDF method is used to visualize the local magnetic ordering preferences.
ADVANCED MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Nils Lau Nyborg Broge, Andreas Dueholm Bertelsen, Frederik Sondergaard-Pedersen, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are a promising class of materials with extraordinary properties and customization potential through stoichiometry changes. This study presents a solvothermal method for synthesizing eight-component Pt-Ir-Pd-Rh-Ru-Cu-Ni-Co nano-HEA nanoparticles, which can be produced in large quantities. The method relies on simple autoclaves and in situ X-ray scattering experiments suggest auto-catalyzed growth of the particles, extending understanding of HEA nanomaterials.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Peter Skjott Thorup, Rasmus Stubkjaer Christensen, Martin Roelsgaard, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: The segmented beta-Zn4Sb3 pellets with ion-blocking steel interfaces exhibit improved stability under thermoelectric operating conditions, as shown by quantitative phase analysis and microstructure analysis.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jonas Beyer, Thomas Bjorn Egede Gronbech, Jiawei Zhang, Kenichi Kato, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: The electron density and thermal motion of diamond were studied using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal motion was decoupled from the electron density using theoretical static structure factors from density functional theory calculations. The results showed harmonic and isotropic thermal motion, and good agreement was observed between experimental atomic displacement parameters and calculations. The Debye temperature of diamond was experimentally determined to be 1883 (35) K. The temperature dependence of the electron density at the bond critical point was found to be constant throughout the temperature range, confirming the validity of the crystallographic convolution approximation for diamond.
ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA A-FOUNDATION AND ADVANCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Lise Joost Stockler, Lennard Krause, Bjarke Svane, Kasper Tolborg, Bo Richter, Seiya Takahashi, Tomoki Fujita, Hidetaka Kasai, Michihiro Sugahara, Ichiro Inoue, Eiji Nishibori, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: Despite the scientific possibilities, the application of serial femtosecond crystallography for small-unit-cell systems has been limited due to the lack of reliable data reduction methods. However, a data reduction pipeline capable of fully automated handling has been developed, allowing successful reduction and structure solving of a compound. The pipeline is expected to open up new research opportunities in small-unit-cell serial femtosecond crystallography experiments.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jiawei Zhang, Daisuke Ishikawa, Michael M. Koza, Eiji Nishibori, Lirong Song, Alfred Q. R. Baron, Bo B. Iversen
Summary: We have revealed the correlation between loosely bonded atoms and strong anharmonicity in thermoelectric material InTe, using chemical bonding analysis, inelastic X-ray and neutron scattering, and first principles phonon calculations. Our findings indicate that highly anharmonic phonons in InTe arise from the covalency between delocalized In1+ 5s(2) lone pair electrons and Te 5p states. This work provides insights into the microscopic origin of strong anharmonicity in rattling atoms and has implications for designing efficient thermoelectric materials.
ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL EDITION
(2023)
Article
Physics, Applied
Karl F. F. Fischer, Bjarke B. Demant, Lasse R. Jorgensen, Bo B. Iversen
Summary: Ruthenium arsenide can be made p-type by adding germanium, and it has a wide substitution range without affecting stability. RuAs2-xGex (x = 0.02, 0.04, 0.08, 0.16, 0.32, and 0.64) shows that the saturation limit of germanium is between 0.16 and 0.32. The electrical contribution to thermoelectric performance is greatly improved with a power factor of 1.03 mW/(m K-2). However, the lattice rigidity is not affected by substitution, as the Debye temperature remains around 420 K, resulting in a modest maximum zT of 0.11.
APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sajesh P. Thomas, Anna Worthy, Espen Z. Eikeland, Amy J. Thompson, Arnaud Grosjean, Kasper Tolborg, Lennard Krause, Kunihisa Sugimoto, Mark A. Spackman, John C. McMurtrie, Jack K. Clegg, Bo B. Iversen
Summary: This article reports a mechanically flexible one-dimensional coordination polymer that exhibits elastic bending. By utilizing various techniques including XRD, high-pressure crystallography, synchrotron micro-XRD mapping, and high-resolution synchrotron X-ray charge density analysis, the inter and intra-chain bonding as well as structural flexibility were quantitatively investigated. The results reveal that the helical coordination polymer behaves like a spring when subjected to external stimuli. The exceptional coordination sphere flexibility, attributed to the presence of Jahn-Teller distorted coordination bonds, contributes to the polymer's flexibility.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Brian Dusolle, Veronique Jubera, Evgeniy S. Ilin, Patrick Martin, Gilles Philippot, Matthew R. . Suchomel, Bo B. Iversen, Samuel Marre, Cyril Aymonier
Summary: Extensive research on nanosized ZnO finds its optical properties challenging to control due to various possible defects producing emissions in the visible range. A low-temperature, supercritical-fluid-driven synthesis proposed by our group produces isotropic nanosized particles with a pure excitonic emission comparable to single crystals. This article reports the growth mechanism and optical properties of the excitonic emission, as well as its phonon coupling with the E2 high vibrational mode at liquid helium temperatures.
CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Nikolaj Roth, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: The superionic conductor Cu2-xSe has been studied and the large vibrations with extreme anharmonicity of Cu ions within a tetrahedron-shaped volume in the structure have been observed. The analysis of electron density suggests infrequent jumps between sites, supporting recent quasi-elastic neutron scattering data and challenging the phonon-liquid picture. The low thermal conductivity is likely not caused by the diffusion of Cu ions.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Martin Roelsgaard, Magnus Klove, Rasmus Christensen, Andreas D. Bertelsen, Nils L. N. Broge, Innokenty Kantor, Daniel Risskov Sorensen, Ann-Christin Dippel, Soham Banerjee, Martin V. Zimmermann, Philipp Glaevecke, Olof Gutowski, Mads Ry Vogel Jorgensen, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: Understanding nucleation and growth mechanisms in hydro- and solvothermal conditions is crucial for tailoring functional nanomaterials. High-energy synchrotron radiation enables real-time characterization of nanocrystals using powder X-ray diffraction and X-ray total scattering. Recent developments in in situ setups at PETRA III and MAX IV beamlines allow for studying nucleation and growth phenomena in solvothermal synthesis, providing data for Rietveld refinement and pair distribution function refinement within 4 ms.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Jie Zhang, Manish Shrivastava, Alla Zelenyuk, Rahul A. Zaveri, Jason D. Surratt, Matthieu Riva, David Bell, Marianne Glasius
Summary: This study investigates the key parameters governing the formation of isoprene epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA). The results show that reducing the reaction rate constants of 2-methyltetrol (tetrol) can bring the model predictions in agreement with experimental measurements of IEPOX-SOA under acidified aerosol conditions. Additionally, both the organosulfate (OS) and tetrol reaction rate constants need to be reduced for nonacidified aerosols to match the chamber observations. The study also reveals that the aerosol acidity significantly affects the oligomerization rate of tetrols.
ACS EARTH AND SPACE CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Lise Joost Stockler, Rasmus Stubkjaer Christensen, Magnus Klove, Andreas Dueholm Bertelsen, Anders Baek Borup, Lennard Krause, Seiya Takahashi, Tomoki Fujita, Hidetaka Kasai, Ichiro Inoue, Eiji Nishibori, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: Promising results were obtained from PDF analysis using X-ray scattering data on a suspension of HfO2 nanoparticles measured at the SACLA XFEL facility. The study encourages further research in ultrafast structural science.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ida Gjerlevsen Nielsen, Magnus Klove, Martin Roelsgaard, Ann-Christin Dippel, Bo Brummerstedt Iversen
Summary: In this study, the formation mechanisms and crystal structure transformations of gallium oxides during solvothermal synthesis were investigated using in situ X-ray diffraction. It was found that the formation mechanism of γ-Ga2O3 involves the transformation from γ-Ga2O3 to β-Ga2O3, while GaOOH and Ga5O7OH form in aqueous solvent at low temperatures. The properties of the resulting products can be controlled by adjusting synthesis parameters such as temperature, heating rate, solvent and reaction time.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sarah Suda Petters, Eva Rosendal Kjaergaard, Freja Hasager, Andreas Massling, Marianne Glasius, Merete Bilde
Summary: This study characterizes synthetic sea spray aerosols spiked with nanoplastics and explores the separation and ionization challenges associated with analyzing nanoplastics in complex aerosol mixtures. The results highlight the importance of separating airborne nanoplastics from sea salt aerosols for detailed characterization and understanding of their surface chemistry and behavior in the atmosphere.
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS
(2023)
