Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xin Huang, Alyssa Lyn Fortier, Alec J. Coffman, Travis J. Struck, Megan N. Irby, Jennifer E. James, Jose E. Leon-Burguete, Aaron P. Ragsdale, Ryan N. Gutenkunst
Summary: This study developed a new concept to quantify genome-wide correlations in mutation fitness effects and proposed a new statistic. Through simulation and population genomic data, the DFE correlations between populations in different species were inferred, with deleterious mutations showing lower DFE correlation than tolerated mutations, indicating a complex joint DFE.
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2021)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Samuel C. Chukwu, Mohd Y. Rafii, Yusuff Oladosu, Emmanuel O. Okporie, Ibrahim S. Akos, Ibrahim Musa, Senesie Swaray, Momodu Jalloh, Md Al-Mamun
Summary: This study selected 16 new rice lines with multiple resistance genes and high yield potential through a marker-assisted backcross breeding programme. The study also found a strong positive correlation between the number of panicles per hill and the number of tillers, total grain weight per hill, and yield per hectare.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Feng Zhou, Adam S. Butterworth, Jennifer L. Asimit
Summary: flashfm-ivis provides an interactive visualization tool to view potential causal genetic variants and compare associations between different quantitative traits. Its unique features, such as network diagrams and regional association plots, allow users to explore the joint effects across traits.
Article
Ecology
Daisuke Kyogoku, Teiji Sota
Summary: The study found that the effects of sexual selection on female fitness include multiple mechanisms, with an overall positive impact. Female beetles from polygamous lines produced more offspring due to their larger size and higher fecundity.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ecology
Jon Alexander Harper, Tim Janicke, Edward H. Morrow
Summary: A review found that there are 22 genes in humans with sex-opposite effects, which may increase disease risk or severity in one sex but protect the other, with genes having net positive effects occurring at higher frequencies. The communication barriers between fields due to discipline-specific terminology are significant.
Article
Agronomy
David Comont, Dana R. MacGregor, Laura Crook, Richard Hull, Lieselot Nguyen, Robert P. Freckleton, Dylan Z. Childs, Paul Neve
Summary: The study suggests that blackgrass demonstrates strong heritability and shared additive genetic variance for resistance to acetolactate synthase and acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, with no evidence of genetic correlations between life-history traits and herbicide resistance. However, phenotypic variation in plant flowering characteristics is heritable and holds potential for adaptation to nonchemical management practices.
PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Biology
Christian Sailer, Simone Tiberi, Bernhard Schmid, Juerg Stoecklin, Ueli Grossniklaus
Summary: The study separated the effects of genetic background and reproductive mode on fitness-related traits in Hieracium pilosella. Apomictic plants showed reproductive assurance, while sexual plants had higher germination rates. Genetic background influenced traits like maximum stolon length, number of seeds, and total fitness, impacting the success of the plants in competitive environments with or without grass competitors.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Hiromi Matsumae, Peter Ranacher, Patrick E. Savage, Damian E. Blasi, Thomas E. Currie, Kae Koganebuchi, Nao Nishida, Takehiro Sato, Hideyuki Tanabe, Atsushi Tajima, Steven Brown, Mark Stoneking, Kentaro K. Shimizu, Hiroki Oota, Balthasar Bickel
Summary: The study found that grammatical structure correlates with population history (genetic history) and suggests relationships that arose before the formation of current families. The results indicate that grammar might be a cultural indicator of population history while also demonstrating differences among cultural and genetic relationships that highlight the complex nature of human history.
Article
Ecology
Alihan Katlav, James M. Cook, Markus Riegler
Summary: The study found that larger eggs are more likely to be fertilized and develop into female offspring, while smaller eggs are more likely to remain unfertilized and become male offspring. Mating increases female investment in egg size, enhancing fertilization success and female offspring survival but reducing lifetime fecundity. This suggests a reproductive strategy favoring increased daughter production, potentially conflicting with the optimal offspring sex ratio.
FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Jeff Maltas, Douglas M. McNally, Kevin B. Wood
Summary: This study investigates the impact of cycling between two related fitness landscapes on the evolved fitness of a population, showing that switching between landscapes can either increase or decrease steady-state fitness depending on landscape ruggedness and correlation. Positive correlations between landscapes often lead to shared fitness maxima, allowing populations to navigate suboptimal fitness peaks. Conversely, switching between negatively correlated landscapes results in ergodic-like dynamics, drastically reducing steady-state fitness compared to single landscape evolution.
Review
Marine & Freshwater Biology
Demetrio Boltovskoy, Nancy M. Correa, Lyubov E. Burlakova, Alexander Y. Karatayev, Erik Thuesen, Francisco Sylvester, Esteban M. Paolucci
Summary: Studies on the fitness and impacts of introduced species compared to native species show varied results, with mixed outcomes in 44% of the studies. 31% found higher fitness and significant impacts for introduced species, while 25% concluded that significant outcomes are largely absent. Point estimates reveal that non-significant outcomes are more common than significant ones.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Csaba Erdos, Oguz Kelemen, David Pocs, Edina Horvath, Nora Dudas, Andras Papp, Edit Paulik
Summary: Women with sexual dysfunction experience negative effects on their quality of life, self-esteem, and physical health. This study investigated the prevalence and factors associated with female sexual dysfunction through an online questionnaire. The results revealed that a significant portion of women experienced sexual disorders, such as female orgasmic disorder and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder. The occurrence of sexual dysfunction was influenced by various factors, including sexual history, self-satisfaction, and sexual orientation.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Editorial Material
Plant Sciences
Tom W. N. Walker, Jake M. Alexander, Pierre-Marie Allard, Oliver Baines, Virginie Baldy, Richard D. Bardgett, Pol Capdevila, Phyllis D. Coley, Bruno David, Emmanuel Defossez, Maria-Jose Endara, Madeleine Ernst, Catherine Fernandez, Dale Forrister, Albert Gargallo-Garriga, Vincent E. J. Jassey, Sue Marr, Steffen Neumann, Loic Pellissier, Josep Penuelas, Kristian Peters, Sergio Rasmann, Ute Roessner, Jordi Sardans, Franziska Schrodt, Meredith C. Schuman, Abrianna Soule, Henriette Uthe, Wolfram Weckwerth, Jean-Luc Wolfender, Nicole M. van Dam, Roberto Salguero-Gomez
Summary: We review the potential of the metabolome to enhance trait-based ecology and improve our understanding of plant and ecosystem functioning. We explore the relationship between the metabolome and plant functional traits, discuss life-history trade-offs and plasticity in shaping fitness, and propose solutions to challenges in acquiring and interpreting metabolome data. The Special Feature studies examine mechanisms behind plant community assembly, plant-organismal interactions, and effects of plants and soil microorganisms on ecosystem processes.
JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Psychology, Biological
Montrai Spikes, Sophia Huebler, Ingo Schlupp
Summary: Female preference is often related to male secondary sexual traits, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that Limia perugiae females exhibited a preference for male body size, preferring smaller males despite males in this species having the most secondary sexual traits. Further research is needed to understand the impact of male secondary sexual traits on female preference.
Article
Biology
Albina Khasanova, Joseph Edwards, Jason Bonnette, Esther Singer, Taslima Haque, Thomas E. Juenger
Summary: Plants interact with microbiomes that can influence their growth and performance. Recent studies show that microbes can help plants adapt to local conditions by improving their fitness. In this study, we used a mapping population derived from different ecotypes of Panicum hallii to investigate the genetic responses of plant traits to soil microbiomes. Our results demonstrate that the growth and development of different ecotypes and their trait divergence depend on soil microbiomes. We also found that the genetic architecture of these traits is influenced by soil microbiomes, revealing important plant genotype-microbiome interactions.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Zoology
Cristina Sartori, Matteo Gianesella, Andrea Pilastro, Roberto Mantovani, Leonardo Armato, Enrico Fiore
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Roberto Mantovani, Fabio Folla, Giuseppe Pigozzi, Shogo Tsuruta, Cristina Sartori
Article
Zoology
Cristina Sartori, Matteo Gianesella, Andrea Pilastro, Roberto Mantovani, Leonardo Armato, Enrico Fiore
Summary: This study focused on the possible sexual dimorphism in the relative lengths of the third, fourth, and fifth digits in calves, as well as the asymmetry in the bone structures of the third and fourth digits as an adaptation to locomotion. Significant sex differences were found in the length and ratios of different digit parts, particularly in the first phalanx of 3D, suggesting a functional adaptation for locomotion.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Enrico Mancin, Daniela Lourenco, Matias Bermann, Roberto Mantovani, Ignacy Misztal
Summary: This study investigated the equivalence among ssGWAS, EMMAX, and GBLUP-GWAS, and how they differ from single-SNP analysis without correction for population structure. The results showed that ssGWAS can better account for population structure and perform better in certain situations.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2021)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Enrico Mancin, Cristina Sartori, Nadia Guzzo, Beniamino Tuliozi, Roberto Mantovani
Summary: The study highlights the importance of focusing on beef and functional traits in addition to milk traits for the local dual-purpose Alpine Grey breed. A specific breeding plan considering all these traits is necessary to maintain the breed's dual-purpose attitude and unique characteristics while ensuring genetic progress and economic competitiveness. The current selection index, which is primarily focused on milk attitude, may lead to a deterioration of other important traits if not adjusted to include beef and functional traits.
Article
Oncology
Eugenia Bezzecchi, Andrea Bernardini, Mirko Ronzio, Claudia Miccolo, Susanna Chiocca, Diletta Dolfini, Roberto Mantovani
Summary: The study revealed that the histone fold domain subunits and short NF-YAs isoform are protective in HPV-positive tumors, while the long NF-YAl is mainly present in mutp53 tumors and malignant p-EMT cells.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Enrico Mancin, Beniamino Tuliozi, Cristina Sartori, Nadia Guzzo, Roberto Mantovani
Summary: The integration of genomic data with phenotypic information can improve accuracy in predicting beef traits in local cattle breeds like Rendena, contributing to successful breeding selection outcomes.
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Enrico Mancin, Beniamino Tuliozi, Sara Pegolo, Cristina Sartori, Roberto Mantovani
Summary: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have greatly improved our understanding of the genetic architecture of growth and beef traits in livestock species worldwide. However, studies focusing on local dual-purpose breeds have been rare. In this study, we conducted GWAS and post-GWAS analysis on a local alpine cattle breed, Rendena, and identified several significant and suggestive SNPs associated with body weight, average daily gain, carcass fleshiness, and dressing percentage. Our results highlight the importance of expanding genomic research to local breeds, as it can uncover new genetic architectures in livestock species.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Giuseppina Schiavo, Samuele Bovo, Anisa Ribani, Giulia Moscatelli, Massimo Bonacini, Marco Prandi, Enrico Mancin, Roberto Mantovani, Stefania Dall'Olio, Luca Fontanesi
Summary: This study compares pedigree and genomic inbreeding parameters of Reggiana and Modenese cattle breeds, and finds that the genomic inbreeding values are generally lower. The incompleteness of pedigree data is a common issue, and high-throughput SNP genotyping platforms can overcome this problem.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Enrico Mancin, Lucio Flavio Macedo Mota, Beniamino Tuliozi, Rina Verdiglione, Roberto Mantovani, Cristina Sartori
Summary: Genomic selection has become a routine method in many livestock breeding contexts, but its use is still limited in small-population local breeds. In this study, alternative methods were tested to improve the accuracy of genomic selection in small populations, and it was found that using variable selection methods improved accuracy without impacting bias and dispersion of breeding values.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Cristina Sartori, Francesco Tiezzi, Nadia Guzzo, Enrico Mancin, Beniamino Tuliozi, Roberto Mantovani
Summary: This study investigated the impact of environmental factors on the genotype of local dual-purpose cattle and found that genetic variability and response to selection for production traits and conformation traits differed under different environmental conditions.
Review
Agronomy
Giovanni Bittante, Lucia Bailoni, Alessio Cecchinato, Luigi Gallo, Roberto Mantovani, Maurizio Ramanzin, Fabio Zampieri, Stefano Schiavon, Enrico Sturaro
Summary: The University of Padova has played a significant role in the development of animal science in Italy and Europe through its establishment of botanical gardens, anatomical theaters, and groundbreaking education initiatives.
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
E. Mancin, R. Mantovani, B. Tuliozi, C. Sartori
Summary: This article introduces a method of deriving economic weights by restricting some antagonistic traits and validates it in a real-life situation. The results demonstrate that this method can produce feasible solutions when more antagonistic traits are considered for selection, while preventing the detriment of some functional traits.
JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Ecology
Beniamino Tuliozi, Francesco Tiezzi, Ivana Schoepf, Enrico Mancin, Nadia Guzzo, Roberto Mantovani, Cristina Sartori
Summary: This study investigates the genetic correlations between fighting ability and health/fitness traits in Aosta Chestnut-Black Pied cattle using both multiple trait models (MTM) and structural equation models (SEM). The results reveal antagonistic genetic correlations between fighting ability and milk, somatic cells, and fertility, but a strong positive genetic correlation between fighting ability and longevity. This suggests that fighting ability may have a positive impact on longevity.
FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Stefano Capomaccio, Michela Ablondi, Daniele Colombi, Cristina Sartori, Andrea Giontella, Katia Cappelli, Enrico Mancin, Vittoria Asti, Roberto Mantovani, Alberto Sabbioni, Maurizio Silvestrelli
Summary: In this study, the current status of the modern Italian gene pool was described. The results show that some native Italian breeds preserve distinct gene pools, potentially due to adaptation to different geographical contexts. However, comparisons with international breeds reveal strong gene flow from renowned breeds into several Italian breeds, likely due to historical introgression. Some breeds also show unique characteristics based on their breeding history. Lastly, certain breeds exist more for cultural, traditional, and geographical reasons rather than genetic distinctiveness.
FRONTIERS IN GENETICS
(2023)
